No abstract available.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

PURPOSE: This study investigates patterns of small group interaction and examines the influence among graduate nursing students of online collaborative learning strategies on small group interaction patterns, task performance and learning attitude in web-based team learning environments. METHODS: To analyze patterns of small group interaction, group discussion dialogues were reviewed by two instructors. Groups were divided into two categories depending on the type of feedback given (passive or active). For task performance, evaluation of learning processes and numbers of postings were examined. Learning attitude toward group study and coursework were measured via scales. RESULTS: Explorative interactions were still low among graduate nursing students. Among the students given active feedback, considerable individual variability in interaction frequency was revealed and some students did not show any specific type of interaction pattern. Whether given active or passive feedback, groups exhibited no significant differences in terms of task performance and learning attitude. Also, frequent group interaction was significantly related to greater task performance. CONCLUSION: Active feedback strategies should be modified to improve task performance and learning attitude among graduate nursing students.
Education, Distance ; Education, Nursing ; Group Processes ; Humans ; Learning* ; Students, Nursing* ; Task Performance and Analysis* ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to develop and test the effects of an emotional intelligence program for undergraduate nursing students. METHODS: The study design was a mixed method research. Participants were 36 nursing students (intervention group: 17, control group: 19). The emotional intelligence program was provided for 4 weeks (8 sessions, 20 hours). Data were collected between August 6 and October 4, 2013. Quantitative data were analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, t-test, repeated measure ANOVA, and paired t-test with SPSS/WIN 18.0. Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: Quantitative results showed that emotional intelligence, communication skills, resilience, stress coping strategy, and clinical competence were significantly better in the experimental group compared to the control group. According to the qualitative results, the nursing students experienced improvement in emotional intelligence, interpersonal relationships, and empowerment, as well as a reduction in clinical practice stress after participation in the emotional intelligence program. CONCLUSION: Study findings indicate that the emotional intelligence program for undergraduate nursing students is effective and can be recommended as an intervention for improving the clinical competence of undergraduate students in a nursing curriculum.
Adult ; Clinical Competence ; *Emotional Intelligence ; Female ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Personal Satisfaction ; *Program Development ; *Program Evaluation ; Questionnaires ; Resilience, Psychological ; Social Support ; Students, Nursing/*psychology ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae* ; Mycoplasma* ; Pneumonia* ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma*

BACKGROUND: The orthostatic hypotension in response to the assumption of an upright posture is regulated by activation of sympathetic nerves. Role of the vestibular system and neural pathway on orthostatic hypotension were investigated. METHODS: Changes of arterial blood pressure produced by head-up tilting, rotatory stimulation of the vestibular system, or electrical stimulation to the vestibular nerve, vestibular nuclei, and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) were measured in Sprague-Dawley rats. Also, field potentials were recorded in the vestibular nuclei and RVLM and c-Fos expression was evaluated in the brain stem in order to investigate the vestibulosympathetic pathways. RESULTS: The three phasic blood pressure responses were elicited by head-up tilting: initial fall, early recovery, and late sustained pressure at near control levels, the magnitude of the pressure fall was parallel with the degree of head-up tilting in normal rats. Return position from head-up tilting recovered control level of blood pressure after a brief rapid elevation. However, bilateral labyrinthectomy resulted in exaggerated initial falling and devoid of early recovery phase during postural change. Sinusoidal rotation about off-vertical axis of the vestibular system elicited more elevation of blood pressure than rotation about earth vertical axis. Electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve, vestibular nucleus, and RVLM produced elevation of blood pressure, which was the most prominent by stimulation of RVLM. Field potentials composed of P, N1, N2 waves in the vestibular nuclei were recorded by stimulation of the vestibular nerve, while weak potentials in RVLM were recorded by stimulation of the vestibular nuclei. An electrical stimulation of the vestibular nuclei expressed c-Fos immunoreactive cells in RVLM. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the otolith organ of the vestibular system plays a major role in control of orthostatic hypotension, and the pathway of vestibulosympathetic reflex in control of blood pressure involves the vestibular nuclei, RVLM, intermed-iolateral nuclei of the thoracic spinal cord.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Blood Pressure ; Brain Stem ; Electric Stimulation ; Hypotension, Orthostatic* ; Neural Pathways ; Otolithic Membrane ; Posture ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reflex* ; Spinal Cord ; Vestibular Nerve ; Vestibular Nuclei

PURPOSE: Korean American women have twice the rate of cervical cancer than white women and demonstrate low rates in participation in cervical cancer screening. This study was to describe the perceptions about cervical cancer and factors related to cervical cancer screening among Korean American women. METHOD: Focus group methods. RESULT: Five themes emerged. First, knowledge about cervical cancer; misconceptions about cervical cancer, its causes, reproductive anatomy and the treatment Second, perceived meanings of having cervical cancer; most of the women felt that cervical cancer represented a loss of femininity and existential value of womanhood. Third, knowledge about cervical cancer screening ; regular medical check-ups were necessary for early detection and prevention of cervical cancer. Forth, experiences and perceived meanings of cervical cancer screening; the participants expressed their feelings; embarrassment, fear, shame and shyness. Fifth, practices of cervical cancer screening; various intervals in participating in cervical cancer screening. But they mentioned several deterrents, language, insurance, time constraint, embarrassment, fear of the screening results, misbelief about susceptibility, lack of health prevention behavior, and lack of information written in Korean. CONCLUSION: Results emphasize the critical need for culturally appropriate health education to encourage participation of Korean American women in cervical cancer screening.
Adult ; Aged ; *Asian Americans/education/ethnology/statistics & numerical data ; Communication Barriers ; Existentialism/psychology ; Fear/psychology ; Female ; Focus Groups ; Gender Identity ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Korea/ethnology ; *Mass Screening/psychology/utilization ; Middle Aged ; Needs Assessment ; Nursing Methodology Research ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/*ethnology/statistics & numerical data ; Patient Education as Topic/standards ; Qualitative Research ; Questionnaires ; Shame ; Shyness ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*diagnosis/ethnology ; *Vaginal Smears/psychology/utilization ; Washington/epidemiology

BACKGROUND: There is a substantial evidence that anatomical connections and functional interactions exist between vestibular and autonomic systems. The nature of these interactions, however, is complex and has not been fully defined. Heart rate variability (HRV) was used to investigate the physiological role of the vestibular system on control of heart rate. METHODS: HRV including mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CV), power spectrum was analyzed from R-R intervals of ECG during vestibular stimulation in rabbits. RESULTS: Urethane anesthesia increased heart rate and maintained regular R-R intervals, however, low frequency region/high frequency region (LF/HF) was not changed. In anesthetized rabbits, electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve decreased heart rate and decreased LF/HF by increasing HF. On the contrary, electrical stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve increased heart rate and increased LF/HF by increasing LF. Atropine, cholinergic blocker, increased heart rate and increased LF/HF by reducing HF, and propranolol, beta-adrenergic blocker, decreased heart rate and decreased LF/HF by reducing LF. In unanesthetized rabbits, stimulation of the vestibular system induced by rotation or caloric increased heart rate and increased LF/HF by increasing LF. Also electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve produced the same effects as rotation or caloric in anesthetized rabbits. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that stimulation of the vestibular system increased heart rate not by inhibiting the parasympathetic nerve but by activating the sympathetic nerve.
Anesthesia ; Atropine ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Propranolol ; Rabbits* ; Urethane ; Vagus Nerve ; Vestibular Nerve

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung* ; Drug Therapy, Combination*

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; DNA* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Tuberculosis*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of case management service for hypertensive elderly patients through the customized visiting home health care program. METHOD: Non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was employed. Data were collected from April 2007 to January 2009. Among a total of fifty subjects, 25 subjects were belonged to the case management group and the others were belonged to the general management group. RESULTS: 1) In experimental group, significant increasing rate of number of people within normal blood pressure by time, but no significant increasing rate of number of people within normal blood neutral fat, total cholesterol, HDL, & LDL. 2) In experimental group, the score of knowledge about disease and healthy life practice were increased on 8 week period but decreased on follow up period. Number of people within normal blood HDL and mean score of healthy life practice were significantly higher than control group on follow up period. CONCLUSION: Case management service was effective on controlling blood pressure but partly effective on blood lipid, knowledge about disease, and healthy life practice in hypertensive patients. Further study is needed to conduct a periodic re-evaluation of the effect of case management and to verify an optimal interval to provide the case management service.
Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Case Management* ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Delivery of Health Care ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension