OBJECTIVES: Motivational factor is a unique contributor to the typically poor academic performance of children with ADHD. However, few study has directly intervened learning motivation in children with ADHD. We conducted this study to explore the direct effects of the learning motivation improvement program applied to children with ADHD. METHOD: The program was designed in order to increase an interest-inducing educational intervention, an academic skills integration, a basic learning activity(reading, writing, and math), and children's self-esteem. We conducted the program twice a week(total 10 sessions) and assessed learning motivation, learning attitude, self-esteem, academic performance, and problem behaviors of participating children. RESULTS: After the program, teachers reported improvement in learning motivation. In addition, parents notified significant reduction of problem behaviors. Children reported improvement in a few domains of learning motivation and learning attitude. CONCLUSION: While learning motivation is regarded as an important factor in education, there have been few studies considering this issue in both educational and psychiatric fields. The learning motivation improvement would be needed in both field in order to reduce the deficits in academic performance in children with ADHD.
Child* ; Education ; Fibrinogen ; Humans ; Learning* ; Motivation* ; Parents ; Writing

No abstract available.
Alopecia ; Humans ; Male

22 patients with proved urogenital malignancies was done to determine the value of bone scanning versus roentgenographic skeletal survey in assessing the degree of metastatic involvement with serum phosphatase level. Findings on bone scans were positive in 11 patients and in 6 patients of these patients results of radiologic of radiologic skeletal survey were negative. Of these 11 patients with positive scanning, 3 patients showed elevation of serum acid phosphatase and 4 other patients showed elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase. And of the others with negative scanning, 1 patient showed elevation of acid phosphatase and elevation of alkaline phosphatase in 3 other patients.
Acid Phosphatase ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

22 patients with proved urogenital malignancies was done to determine the value of bone scanning versus roentgenographic skeletal survey in assessing the degree of metastatic involvement with serum phosphatase level. Findings on bone scans were positive in 11 patients and in 6 patients of these patients results of radiologic of radiologic skeletal survey were negative. Of these 11 patients with positive scanning, 3 patients showed elevation of serum acid phosphatase and 4 other patients showed elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase. And of the others with negative scanning, 1 patient showed elevation of acid phosphatase and elevation of alkaline phosphatase in 3 other patients.
Acid Phosphatase ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Giant Cell Tumors* ; Giant Cells* ; Humans ; Tendons*

Compared to cutaneous benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH), deep-seated BFH is very rare and poorly recognized. Both cutaneous and deep-seated BFH are usually asymptomatic. We herein report a 25 year-old woman who presented with a painful mass in her foot that was poorly controlled by analgesics and associated with walking difficulty. After preoperative ultrasonographic evaluation, the mass was completely excised and histologic exam showed spindle cells loosely arranged in storiform architecture, with CD34-, desmin-, S-100-, focal CD68+, vimentin+, smooth muscle actin+, and factor XIIIa+. The patient was diagnosed with deep-seated BFH based on the histologic, radiologic and intraoperative findings.
Analgesics ; Female ; Foot ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous ; Humans ; Muscle, Smooth ; Walking

Neurofibromatosis is a systemic hereditary disorder with varied manifestations in bone, soft tissue, the nervous system and skin. Cutaneous manifestations of neurofibromatosis are characterized by cafe-au-lait macules, multiple neurofibromas, Lisch nodules and intertriginous freckling. Some benign or malignant tumors such as juvenile xanthogranuloma, pheochromocytoma, and malignant melanoma can accompany neurofibromatosis. But, in the English literature, no case of eccrine spiradenoma associated with neurofibromatosis has been reported. Eccrine spiradenoma is a benign uncommon neoplasm of skin adnexa. It presents as a painful, slow-growing and solitary nodule on the head or upper trunk. Here, we report a rare case of eccrine spiradenoma in a patient with neurofibromatosis.
Head ; Humans ; Melanoma ; Nervous System ; Neurofibromatoses ; Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Pheochromocytoma ; Skin ; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile

OBJECTIVES: Tourette's Disorder (TD) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics with onset in childhood. The aim of this study was to ascertain the increased cortical information transmission in frontal area during tic suppression in drug naive boys with TD using new nonlinear analysis of EEGs, be called Transfer Entropy (TE) which can detect the directed exchange of information between two systems. METHODS: Subjects were 11 drug naive boys with DSM-IV diagnosis of TD and 10 control boys. Clinical assessments were performed, and EEGs were recorded from 19 scalp loci of the international 10-20 systems. TE was estimated by EEG timeseries data after noise reduction. TE difference between TD and control during resting state and between tic suppression and resting state in TD were investigated. RESULTS: Elevated TE was found in extensive channels, including frontal, central and temporal channels (F7, Fz, F8,Cz, C3, P3, T3, and T4) in resting state of Tourette's disorder compared to normal controls. During tic suppression elevated TE was found in more extensive and asymmetrical channels especially prefrontal area (Fp1, Fp2, F3, Fz, F7, F8, Cz, C4, C5, T3, and T4). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that pathogenesis of Tourette's disorder involve impaired cortical neuronal modulation in subcortical neural circuits. EEG analysis of TE may be a useful tool to investigation of cortical mechanism of psychiatric illness.
Diagnosis ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Electroencephalography ; Entropy ; Neurons ; Noise ; Scalp ; Tics* ; Tourette Syndrome*

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of HPV-16 E6 expression on the transcription of cellular genes, we used cDNA microarray in HPV-16 E6 transfected stable cancer cell lines. METHODS: Using cDNA microarray consisting of 1,024 genes, we have performed a systematic characterization of gene expression in A549E6 human lung adenocarcinoma and RC10.1 human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines stably expressing HPV-16 E6 gene. The up-regulated and down-regulated genes were classified into the different functional categories; oncogenes, apoptosis, cell cycle, signal transduction, gene regulation, immune response, cell adhesion, protein transport, metabolism, redox control and angiogenesis. RESULTS: Among 1,024 known genes and ESTs (expressed sequence tags) tested, we found 27 up- regulated and 43 down-regulated genes in A549E6 (HPV-16 E6) compared to A549. The major up-regulated genes were as follows. GTPase-activating protein Rho 4, transcription factor D2, IKAROS, integrin-alpha 6, cadherin 11, ephrin-beta 2, RAN binding protein 2, branched-chain amino transferase 2. The major down-regulated genes were as follows. K-ras 2, CDC (cell division cycle) 37, CDC16, CDC7L1, IRF3, interferon-gamma-inducible protein 30, cadherin 6, desmoglein 1, desmocollin 2, endothelin 2. Also, we found 48 up-regulated and 34 down-regulated genes in RC10.1 (HPV-16 E6) compared to RKO. The major up-regulated genes were as follows. Colon cancer familial nonpolyposis type 1 (COCA 1), Bcl 2, jagged 1, MAP2K6, E2F1, ephrin receptor-beta 2, ephrin-beta 2, desmoglein 1, transforming growth factor-beta 3. The major down-regulated genes were as follows. KIT, Rad51C, Bcl 2 antagonist killer 1, STAT 4, epidermal growth factor receptor, high mobility group protein 2, cadherin 11, cadherin 12, cadherin 3, integrin-alpha 1, intergrin-alpha 8, chromosome segregation 1-like. CONCLUSION: Various expression patterns of cellular genes by HPV-16 E6 could be wholy grasped and classified into different functional groups using both cell line system stably expressed HPV-16 E6 and cDNA microarray analysis. These analysis methods must be helpful to understand multiple effects of a specific gene on cellular genes in a short period.
Adenocarcinoma ; Apoptosis ; Cadherins ; Carrier Proteins ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Chromosome Segregation ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Desmoglein 1 ; DNA, Complementary* ; Endothelin-2 ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Gene Expression* ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; Hand Strength ; Human papillomavirus 16* ; Humans ; Lung ; Metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis* ; Oncogenes ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Protein Transport ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors ; Transferases

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, although its clinical value remains controversial institutions utilize hair mineral analysis. Arguments about the reliability of hair mineral analysis persist, and there have been evaluations of commercial laboratories performing hair mineral analysis. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of intra-laboratory and inter-laboratory data at three commercial laboratories conducting hair mineral analysis, compared to serum mineral analysis. METHODS: Two divided hair samples taken from near the scalp were submitted for analysis at the same time, to all laboratories, from one healthy volunteer. Each laboratory sent a report consisting of quantitative results and their interpretation of health implications. Differences among intra-laboratory and interlaboratory data were analyzed using SPSS version 12.0 (SPSS Inc., USA). RESULTS: All the laboratories used identical methods for quantitative analysis, and they generated consistent numerical results according to Friedman analysis of variance. However, the normal reference ranges of each laboratory varied. As such, each laboratory interpreted the patient's health differently. On intra-laboratory data, Wilcoxon analysis suggested they generated relatively coherent data, but laboratory B could not in one element, so its reliability was doubtful. In comparison with the blood test, laboratory C generated identical results, but not laboratory A and B. CONCLUSION: Hair mineral analysis has its limitations, considering the reliability of inter and intra laboratory analysis comparing with blood analysis. As such, clinicians should be cautious when applying hair mineral analysis as an ancillary tool. Each laboratory included in this study requires continuous refinement from now on for inducing standardized normal reference levels.
Hair ; Hematologic Tests ; Minerals ; Reference Values ; Scalp