BACKGROUND: High-frequency jet ventilaion is considered a reliable technique for anesthesia and critical care including respiratory failure but there are adverse reactions such as carbon dioxide retension and dry of respiratory mucosa. The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of combined high- frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) and converntional mechanical ventilation (CMV) on the cardiovascular system, arterial blood gases tension and mean airway pressure in 9 Korea mongrel dogs with pulmonary edema induced by oleic acid. METHODS: During CMV with 20 breaths/minute, 10 ml/kg of tidal volume and F1O2 1.0, parameers were evaluated (base line value). When pulmonary edema was developed, HFJV was applied initially with 120 breaths/minute, inspiratory time 30% and driving pressure 40 psi F1O2 1.0 for 60 minutes (control value) and thereafter simultaneous use of CMV was applied with the tidal volume of 10 ml/kg and each respiratory rate 8, 4, 2, 1, 0.5 per minute for 30 minutes. RESULTS: Combined application of HFJV and CMV (above repiratory rate 1 per minute) achieved the improvement of oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination, and Paw was decreased without undesirable effects on cardiovascular system in case of the induced pulmonary edema. CONCUSIONS: From above results we recommanded that HFJV combined with CMV may be a useful method of treatment for respiratory failure.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cardiovascular System ; Critical Care ; Dogs* ; Gases ; High-Frequency Jet Ventilation* ; Korea ; Oleic Acid* ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Edema* ; Respiration, Artificial* ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Respiratory Mucosa ; Respiratory Rate ; Tidal Volume ; Ventilation

BACKGROUND: The combination of psoralen and UVA (PUVA) as a model of photochemotherap, has been used in a wicle variety of cutaneous disorders such as psoriasis, vitiligo, mycosis fungoides and atopic dermatitis. The mechanism of PUVA of psoriasis is based on the fact. that PUVA causes photoconjugation of psoralens to DNA and a subsequent suppression of mitosis, DNA synthesis, and keratinocyte proliferation. Although PUVA apparently inhibits keratinocytie proliferation and is effective therefore in the treatment of psoriasis, PUVA increases pigmentations by stimulating melanocyte proliferation and melanin synthesis in vivo. OBJECTIVE: We tried to investigate the PUVA effects on the proliferation and different,iation in cultured human keratinoc tes and melanocytes. METHODS: We examined morphologic changes, and the number of the cultured human keratinocytes and melanoiytes and melanin contents in a control group and experimental group. (UVA group, 8-MOP group and PUVA group). i.e., UVA group was exposed to UVA at 60mJ, of. 8-MOP group was acJded at dose of 2 x 10 M to medium for 30 minutes. PUVA group was exposed to UVA at 60mJ, of after adding in 8 MOP at Zx 10 M for 30 minutes. RESULTS: 1. Morphologic changes of cultured human keratinocytes and melanocytes. There were no significent changes between the control group and the experimental groups in keratinocytes and melanocytes after 24, 48 and 72 hours culture. The number and length of meianocyte dendrites showecl no significant differences between the groups after 24, 48 and 72 hours culture(p>0.05). 2. Proliferation of cultured human keratinocytes and melanocytes 1) The number of keratinocytes in 8-MOP and PUVA groups decreased significantly more than in the control and LVA groups at 72nd hour after culture (p<0.01). 2) The number of melnocytes showed no differences between the groups at 72nd hour after culture (p>0.05). 3. Melanin contents in iultured human melanocytes The melanin contents increased significantly in the PUVA groups compared to that in the other groups at 72nd hour after culture (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: In culturel human keratinocytes, PUVA has no effect on the morphology and differentiation, hut inhibit proliferation. In cultured human melanocytes, PUVA has no effect on morphology and proliferation, but it increases the melanin contents.
Dendrites ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; DNA ; Ficusin ; Humans* ; Keratinocytes* ; Melanins ; Melanocytes* ; Methoxsalen ; Mitosis ; Mycosis Fungoides ; Pigmentation ; Psoralens ; Psoriasis ; Vitiligo

BACKGROUND: This study used MDS-HC 2.0 (Minimum Data Set-Home Care) to analyze the health and the state of function of the traveling health objects. This study was intended to make use of it with the basic materials for providing them with traveling health service suited for the requirement on the health of the traveling health objects. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 1160 people (over 65 years) living under management control of local Health Center from September 7th to October 3th, 2006. This study was analyzed with inter RAI program & SPSS/WIN 10.0, chi-square -test, t-test, and ANOVA. RESULTS: The result showed that 8.97 CAPs per an elderly person was identified and the subjects over 60% had an injury problem from a fall, health prevention service, vision, IADL, pain, and cognition. The number of CAPs in general was high in higher age and the less educated, and those without a job. But, in subjects that had a life partner and a spouse, the number of CAPs was low. In CAPs by the distinction of sex, CAPs which was much more in man than women in statistics were the improvement of health, the abuse of alcohol and drinking wine, bedsore, and the weak supply system. CAPs which women had much more were the function of the heart and the lungs, pain, the performance of the doctor's advice, health prevention service, and incontinence of urine and insertion of catheter. According to the results comparing CAPs by the level of the ADL, the number of CAPs was shown that the group of ADL 2 was higher than group ADL 1. The matter in which the traveling health service had to be applied in all both ADL1 and ADL2 was injury from a fall, health prevention service, and vision. Conculsion: MDS-HC is applicable to decide the care needs for health and social service supplies. The results can be further applicable for careplan, and referral criteria in continuum of care service over long-term care spectrums.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Catheters ; Cognition ; Continuity of Patient Care ; Drinking ; Equipment and Supplies ; Female ; Health Services ; Heart ; Humans ; Long-Term Care ; Lung ; Pressure Ulcer ; Referral and Consultation ; Social Work ; Spouses ; Vision, Ocular ; Wine

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities of luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside were compared in galactosamine (GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatitic ICR mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male ICR mice (6 weeks old) were divided into 4 groups: normal control, GalN/LPS, luteolin, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside groups. The latter two groups were administered luteolin or luteolin-7-O-glucoside (50 mg/kg BW) daily by gavage for 3 weeks after which hepatitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of GalN and LPS (1 g/kg BW and 10 µg/kg BW, respectively). RESULTS: GalN/LPS produced acute hepatic injury by a sharp increase in serum AST, ALT, and TNF-α levels, increases that were ameliorated in the experimental groups. In addition, markedly increased expressions of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and its transcription factors, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and activator protein (AP)-1, were also significantly attenuated in the experimental groups. Compared to luteolin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin more potently ameliorated the levels of inflammatory mediators. Phase II enzymes levels and NF-E2 p45-related factor (Nrf)-2 activation that were decreased by GalN/LPS were increased by luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside administration. In addition, compared to luteolin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside acted as a more potent inducer of changes in phase II enzymes. Liver histopathology results were consistent with the mediator and enzyme results. CONCLUSION: Luteolin and luteolin-7-O-glucoside protect against GalN/LPS-induced hepatotoxicity through the regulation of inflammatory mediators and phase II enzymes.
Animals ; Galactosamine ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Liver ; Luteolin ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; NF-kappa B ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Transcription Factors

Luteolin is a flavonoid found in abundance in celery, green pepper, and dandelions. Previous studies have shown that luteolin is an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative agent. In this study, the anti-inflammatory capacity of luteolin and one of its glycosidic forms, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, were compared and their molecular mechanisms of action were analyzed. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells, luteolin more potently inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 as well as the expression of their corresponding enzymes (inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) than luteolin-7-O-glucoside. The molecular mechanisms underlying these effects were investigated to determine whether the inflammatory response was related to the transcription factors, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and activator protein (AP)-1, or their upstream signaling molecules, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Luteolin attenuated the activation of both transcription factors, NF-kappaB and AP-1, while luteolin-7-O-glucoside only impeded NF-kappaB activation. However, both flavonoids inhibited Akt phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Consequently, luteolin more potently ameliorated LPS-induced inflammation than luteolin-7-O-glucoside, which might be attributed to the differentially activated NF-kappaB/AP-1/PI3K-Akt pathway in RAW 264.7 cells.
Apium graveolens ; Capsicum ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Dinoprostone ; Flavones ; Flavonoids ; Glucosides ; Inflammation ; Luteolin* ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; NF-kappa B ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Phosphorylation ; Taraxacum ; Transcription Factor AP-1 ; Transcription Factors

Phase and Amplitude Image were developed to overcome the subjective nature of interpretation for cinematic endless loop display of radionuclide gated blood pool scan. To evaluate the usefulness of color coded phase image in coronary artery disease, we conducted a clinical study with coronary angiography and phase image in 23 patients, and compared the results of those studies. 1) The results of coronary angiography revealed normal coronary artery in 6, 1 vessel disease in 11, 2 vessel disease in 4, and 3 vessel disease in 2 patients. 2) Color-coded Phase Image revealed abnormal phase area in 2/2(100%) of 3 vessel disease patients and in 3/4(75%) of 2 vessel disease patients, in 5/11(45%) of 1 vessel disease patients, and only 1/6(16%) of normal coronary artery. 3) Among the patients who disclosed abnormal phase image, 5 patients of 2-or3-vessl disease revealed abnormal phase through whole left ventricular area, but 3 patients with right coronary artery lesion and 2 patients with left antrior descending artery lesion showed localized abnormal phase area, infero-apical and anterior portion respectively, which were in accord with each coronary lesion. We concluded that the phase image may be useful in evaluation of the regional wall motion abnormalities in the patients of coronary artery disease. Further studies seem to be neccessary to clarify the sensitivity and specificity of the phase image in the each disease entity group.
Arteries ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity

We compared the effects of genistein and daidzein on the expression of chemokines, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-stimulated human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). TNF-alpha exposure significantly increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, vascular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Genistein significantly decreased MCP-1 and VCAM-1 production in a dose-dependent manner, whereas CAM expression was not significantly lowered by genistein treatment. However, daidzein slightly decreased MCP-1 production. The effects of genistein and daidzein on MCP-1 secretion coincided with mRNA expression. Pre-treatment with either genistein or daidzein elevated eNOS expression and nitric oxide production disturbed by TNF-alpha exposure. A low concentration of isoflavones significantly inhibited nuclear factor (NF)kappaB activation, whereas a high dose slightly ameliorated these inhibitive effects. These results suggest that genistein had a stronger effect on MCP-1 and eNOS expression than that of daidzein. Additionally, NFkappaB transactivation might be partially related to the down-regulation of these mRNAs in TNF-alpha-stimulated HUVECs.
Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Chemokines ; Down-Regulation ; Endothelial Cells ; Genistein ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Isoflavones ; Monocytes ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; RNA, Messenger ; Transcriptional Activation ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1

Especially in design of automobile, there are many professional softwares based finite element or multi-body like Madymo, Pam-Crash, Ansys. These program have been released almost every car maker and university. Also in accident reconstruction fields, there are some softwares like PC-Crash, HVE was developed. Unfortunately these programs for accident reconstruction are so general and its input data are so limited, it is very difficult or even impossible to analyze some special cases. In this study, we reconstruct two crime scenes using Madymo program. Although this program was developed for design of car, we apply to crime scene reconstruction. First case is regarding traffic accident. A car was fell under 5m from the road and turn over and then move about 40m. Finally the driver eject from the car. Second case is regarding suicide by hanging. When the police investigate the crime scene at first time, they assume that this crime is a murder case but we carried out autopsy and investigated the crime scene again and analyzed by computer simulation and finally find out this crime is suicide case not murder.
Accidents, Traffic ; Automobiles ; Autopsy ; Computer Simulation* ; Crime* ; Homicide ; Humans ; Police ; Suicide

We have previously demonstrated that phytoestrogens isolated from safflower seeds significantly attenuated bone loss in ovariectomized rats, and directly stimulated proliferation and differentiation of cultured osteoblastic cells. In an attempt to elucidate underlying cellular mechanisms, in the present study we investigated effects of 17beta-estradiol (E2) and phytoestrogens such as matairesinol and acacetin, a type of lignan and flavonoid, respectively, on activation of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2, in cultured osteoblastic ROS 17/2.8 cells. Western blot analysis with anti-MAP kinase antibody showed that a wide range concentrations (10(-14) to 10(-6) M) of E2 as well as both phytoestrogens induced rapid and transient activation of ERK1/2 through phosphorylation within minutes. Maximum activation of MAP kinases by E2 and phytoestrogens were observed at 10 and 15 min, respectively. E2-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 returned to the control level at 30 min, whereas phytoestrogen-induced phosphorylation was maintained at high level until 30 min. PD-98059, a highly selective inhibitor of MAP kinase, prevented phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the cells treated either with E2 or phytoestrogens. To examine a possible involvement of estrogen receptor in the activation process of MAP kinase, Western blot analysis was performed in the presence and absence of the estrogen receptor antagonists, ICI 182,780 and tamoxifen. These antagonists blocked MAP kinase phosphorylation induced not only by E2, but also by the phytoestrogens. To the best our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that phytoestrogens such as flavonoid and lignan extracted from safflower seeds produce a rapid activation of MAP kinase, at least partially via membrane estrogen receptor of the cultured osteoblastic cells.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Carthamus tinctorius ; Estrogens* ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; Membranes* ; Osteoblasts* ; Phosphorylation* ; Phosphotransferases* ; Phytoestrogens ; Rats ; Tamoxifen

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of dialysis on the autonomic and peripheral nerve function has been a subject of considerable debate. In addition, no longitudinal study on the course of uremic neuropathy in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) during dialysis has been reported. We carried out a prospective study to investigate the effect of dialysis on the autonomic and peripheral nerve function during the first 12 months of dialysis. METHODS: Twenty-five patients with ESRD (14 on HD and 11 on CAPD; 11 diabetic and 14 non- diabetic) were enrolled. Autonomic nerve function test and median nerve conduction velocity study were done at the initiation of dialysis and then repeated after 12 months of dialysis. RESULTS: At the initiation of dialysis, sympathetic nerve function and parasympathetic nerve function were abnormal in all HD and CAPD patients. After 12 months of dialysis, no significant changes occurred in autonomic function test. There was no significant difference in autonomic function test between HD and CAPD patients. There was no significant difference in median nerve conduction velocity between HD and CAPD patients after 12 months of dialysis. At the initiation of dialysis, 6 of 11 diabetic and 4 of 14 non-diabetic patients had abnormal median nerve conduction velocity. After 12 months of dialysis, normalization of median nerve conduction velocity occurred only in 3 non-diabetic patients. There was a singinficant difference in median nerve conduction velocity between diabetic and non-diabetic patients after 12 months of dialysis. CONCLUSION: We conclude that dialysis does not significantly alter the autonomic nerve function during the first 12 months of dialysis, but may improve the peripheral nerve function in non-diabetic uremic patients.
Autonomic Pathways ; Dialysis* ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Longitudinal Studies ; Median Nerve ; Peripheral Nerves* ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory ; Prospective Studies