No abstract available.
Breech Presentation* ; Female ; Fetus* ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Female ; Obstetric Labor, Premature* ; Pregnancy ; Ritodrine*

No abstract available.
Intellectual Disability ; Muscle Weakness ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne*

PURPOSE: Cerebrovascular disease in children is more common than was once recognized and the etiology and prognosis of the disease in children are quite different from those of adults. Recently according to medical reports and clinical experiences, the incidence of childhood cerebrovascular disease is increasing in Korea. To clarify the clinical features of childhood cerebrovascular disease and to analyze its prognostic factors, retrospective study was perinatal problem, trauma or hypoxia. METHODS: We reviewed clinical records of the patients who had admitted to Seoul National University Children's Hospital during 5 years from Jan. 1989 to Dec. 1993. RESULTS: There were 82 cases(66.8%) of ischemic cerebrovascular disease as well as 41cases(33.3%) of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease. Various predisposing causes were known in 108 cases(87.8%); vasculopathy was frequent in ischemic group while hemato-oncologic disease was frequent in hemorrhagic group. The presenting symptoms and signs of childhood cerebrovascular disease were seizure, motor paralysis, headache, altered consciousness, etc. Transient ischemic attack and bulbar palsy were relatively common in ischemic group while ltered consciousness was more frequent in hemorrhagic group. The overall mortality of childhood cerebrovascular disease in this study was 11.4%, and deaths were frequent in hemorrhagic group(24.4%) than in ischemic group(4.9%) (p<0.005). Patients with a hemato-oncologic disease as a predisposing cause, and with an alteration of consciousness as a presenting sign were at increased risk for death (p<0.0005). Only 37 cases(33.9%) of the 109 patients surviving stroke were recovered completely while 72 cases(66.1%) had one or more residual deficits. Residual deficits occurred more often following ischemic stroke(71.8%), than after hemorrhagic stroke (51.6%), and complete recovery vice versa. Motor deficit was the commonest of the residual deficits. But the majority of motor deficits were mild and disability in fine motor control is common. Unlike in adults, seizure, mental retardation and learning disability were common as residual deficits in children. CONCLUSIONS: Considering above results childhood cerebrovascular disease is not so rare in Korea. And the clinical features and prognosis of cerebrovascular disease in children were somewhat different from those in adults. Since the outcome of childhood cerebrovascular disease is not so good, further exact and inclusive studies on this subject are required for early diagnosis and treatment which are important in decreasing mortality and morbidity of the disease.
Adult ; Anoxia ; Bulbar Palsy, Progressive ; Child ; Consciousness ; Early Diagnosis ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intellectual Disability ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; Korea ; Learning Disorders ; Mortality ; Paralysis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Seoul ; Stroke

Chordoid glioma is a rare, low-grade brain neoplasm typically located in the third ventricle. Herein, we report an unusual case of histologically confirmed chordoid glioma located in the pituitary fossa and suprasellar region, not attached to the third ventricle. A 57-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of headache and visual disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an ovoid mass in the pituitary fossa and suprasellar region, compressing the optic chiasm without involvement of the third ventricle. The tumor showed low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and iso- to high signal intensity on T2-weighted images, with strong and homogenous contrast enhancement. Subtotal resection was performed via the transcranial approach, and the patient subsequently received adjuvant gamma knife radiosurgery. However, the residual mass showed disease progression 5 months after the initial surgery.
Brain Neoplasms ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Glioma* ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Optic Chiasm ; Radiosurgery ; Third Ventricle

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study to access MR findings of the lipomatous soft tissue tumor based on histopathologic correlation and its predictability of the histopathologic diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the MR findings and photomicrographs of 9 patients with histopathologically proven lipomatous soft tissue tumors as follows;classic lipoma(4), fibrolipoma(1), lipoblastoma(2), atypical l ipoma(1) and well-differentiated liposarcoma(1). RESULTS: All cases of lipoma showed the same signal intensities as subcutaneous fat which is composed of mature fat cells. Linear low signal intensity lesions corresponded to fibrous connective tissues within lipomas. Two cases of lipoblastoma showed heterogeneous signal intensity with areas of high signal intensity brighter than subcutaneous fat on T2WI, corresponding to myxoid matrix of cytoplasm of immature lipoblasts, and the areas of myxoid degeneration within tumors. Both atypical lipoma and liposarcoma showed heterogeneous signal intensity with ill-defined margins due to presence of lipoblasts and infiltration to adjacent muscle bundles. CONCLUSION: MR image findings were well correlated with histopathologic findings of lipomatous soft tissue tumor, especially with maturity of fat cells and the signal intensity of mesenchymal components within the tumors. MR may predict the pathologic diagnosis of lipoblastoma by presence of myxoid degeneration within Ihe tumor, but atypical lipoma and liposarcoma revealed similar MR findings.
Adipocytes ; Connective Tissue ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lipoblastoma ; Lipoma ; Liposarcoma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Retrospective Studies ; Subcutaneous Fat

BACKGROUND : A discussion of the chronologic trends of operative indications of breast masses for proper management of breast masses is desirable. METHODS : A retrospective analysis of 882 patients with breast masses who underwent operations at Kangnam General Hospital from January 1986 to December 1997 was done. All the lesions were classified according to for age, size of the mass, and the pathologic result. Concurrently, the distributions of the different masses were retrospectively analyzed for each one-year time period. RESULTS : The most prevalent age group was the third decade (28.6%) followed by the fourth decade (25.3%) and the fifth decade (24.4%). The most common lesion was fibroadenoma (38.7%), followed by mammary dysplasia (22.6%) and malignancy (18.3%). In fibroadenoma, the most common pathologic type was intracanalicular (34.9%), and the juvenile type occurred in significantly younger patients compared to other types (19.2 vs 29.2 years of age). In mammary dysplasia, the most common pathologic type was fibrous (74.4%), and the epithelial hyperplasia and adenosis types were occurred in older patients compared to the other types (39.1 and 41.0 vs 33.5 and 35.4 years of age). As the chronologically changing pattern of the pathologic types, the number of mammary dysplasia had a decreasing tendency and fibroadenoma had a relatively increasing one, and the reason may be the effect of fine-needle aspiration cytology. CONCLUSIONS : The result of this study shows that the distribution of the disease in terms of age and frequency is almost the same as that of other reported results. The trend of the disease types in terms of the time period shows that the operation rate for fibroadenomas is increasing while the rate for mammary dysplasia is decreasing. This tendency might come from the decreasing use of surgical biopsy for mammary dysplasia.
Biopsy* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Breast* ; Fibroadenoma ; Fibrocystic Breast Disease ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell*

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of thirteen patients with tuberous sclerosis were reviewed. Seven patients underwent computed tomography (CT). The characteristic MR finding of tuberous sclerosis was those of subependymal nodules which were best seen on short repetition time (TR) spin-echo images. Hypointensities within the nodules consistent with calcification were most evident on long TR images. Contrast enhancing lesions, indicative subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, occurred in four cases. Cortical tubers (n=11) and white matter lesions(n=8) exhibited long T1 and T2 relaxation characteristics although reversed pattern was noted in one newborn patients. Cortical tubers and white matter lesions had more irregular shapes in early childhood patients. MR imaging is the sensitive method in detection of gyral tubers and white matter lesions and also valuable in detecting giant all astrocytoma.
Astrocytoma ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods ; Relaxation ; Tuberous Sclerosis* ; White Matter

Inguinal herniorrhaphy is the most frequent general surgical operation performed by pediatric surgeons, but some complications can usually be attributed to inappropriate approach and traumatic dissection. We experienced a case of acute renal failure due to bilateral ureter injuries after bilateral inguinal hernia repairs. The patient was a 3 month old male infant who presented as anuria and generalized edema after bilateral herniorrhaphy and was treated with peritoneal dialysis for 2 weeks. After 4 days of peritoneal dialysis, general conditions and symptoms were improved, but anuria persisted for 2 weeks. We performed IVP and abdominal CT. Both studies showed abnormal dye accumulation in peritoneal cavity. Ureteroneocystostomy on right and segmental resection of ureter and end to end anastomosis of left ureter were done without any complications. He has been doing well and has had normal kidney function. Therefore we report a case of acute renal failure due to bilateral ureter injuries after both inguinal herniorrhaphy with a brief review of literatures.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Anuria ; Edema ; Hernia, Inguinal ; Herniorrhaphy* ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney ; Male ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ureter*