PURPOSE: This study was done to clarify nurses' duties, tasks and task elements and to develop a job description for clinical nurses on general and intensive care units in tertiary-level hospitals, and dramatically reflect changing medical trends in Korea. METHODS: The job description was developed based on the Developing a Curriculum Method (DACUM). The questionnaire included frequency, importance, and difficulty of duties, tasks and task elements, measured on a 4-point scale. Results were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Data were collected from September 4 to 7, 2017, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and a scattered graph. RESULTS: The job description consisted of 10 duties, 38 tasks, and 51 elements. Of the 10 duties, the highest duty in order of importance was ‘Direct nursing care’ followed by ‘Infection control’. The highest duties according to frequency and difficulty were ‘Document and notify’ and ‘Research and quality improvement’. ‘Safety management’ and ‘Infection control’ were considered as relatively simple duties, however, these two duties were still included as important jobs for clinical nurses. CONCLUSION: The job descriptions for clinical nurses developed from this study contain nursing ethics and safety as well as infection control, to faithfully reflect clinical nurses' jobs.
Critical Care* ; Curriculum ; Ethics, Nursing ; Infection Control ; Intensive Care Units* ; Job Description* ; Korea ; Methods* ; Nursing ; Patients' Rooms*

Purpose: This study to identify valuated the competency in nursing leadership among new nurses through the perception of nursing managers. Methods: This a total of 136 nursing managers from two general hospitals in the Seoul metropolitan area were included in this study. Nursing leadership competencies in new nurses were measured using the Student Leadership Practices Inventory developed by Kouzes and Posner. We identified priorities in the development of nursing leadership competencies for new nurses. Results: The overall importance and performance of nursing leadership competencies for new nurses were assessed by nursing managers at an average of 3.92±0.37 and, 2.84±0.50, respectively. Of the 30 nursing leadership competencies, 11 would need to be maintained and strengthened, seven would need to focus on improvement efforts, and 11 would have low priority. The last one was overdone. Conclusion Of the 18 items of high importance based on the nursing leadership competencies among new nurses identified, for seven items indicating low performance, the performance of nurses should be improved by introducing nursing leadership development programs after they enter the work environment. Eleven low-priority nursing leadership competencies require a long-term strategic approach and need to spread the understanding of nursing leadership throughout the nursing organization.

Verumontanum mucosal gland hyperplasia (VMGH) is a relatively common benign proliferative lesion which was first described by Gagucas et al in 1995. VMGH is usually found in radical prostatectomy or transurethral resection specimens and rarely in needle biopsy specimens. The histologic feature of VMGH is characterized by well-circumscribed proliferation of small glands and thus VMGH may mimic low grade adenocarcinoma. We report a case of VMGH from a 61-year-old man. The lesion coexisted with prostatic adenocarcinoma on radical prostatectomy specimen. The lesion was a well circumscribed microacinar proliferation which was present between the openings of ejaculatory ducts. The acini consisted of two cell layers with inner secretory cuboidal epithelium and outer basal cell. Typically, the lumen contained many corpora amylacea. Nuclear pleomorphism, prominent nucleolus, or mitotic figure was not identified. Because of small gland proliferation of VMGH, this lesion can be confused with other small gland proliferative lesions, such as low grade adenocarcinoma, atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, basal cell hyperplasia, mesonephric hyperplasia, and nephrogenic adenoma. To avoid misdiagnosis of VMGH as carcinoma, one should be familiar with this lesion.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenoma ; Biopsy, Needle ; Diagnostic Errors ; Ejaculatory Ducts ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate ; Prostatectomy

Orbital mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, first described by Luis et. al in 1971, is a very rare tumor of characteristic histologic features. A 21-year-woman was admitted with a 4-month histoiry of rapidly progressive proptosis and visual disturbance. Right orbital exenteration was performed under the clinical diagnosis of orbital calcifying tumor. Grossly, the tumor presented as a multibloblated, circumscribed mass that measures 5.5 cm in the greatest dimentsion. Cut sections resembled ordinary chonrosarcoma. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, interspersed nodules of well differentated cartilagenous tissue, areas of gradual transition from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells to cartilage, and hemangiopericytoma-like areas. A brief summary of the histopathological aspect of this tumor and a review of literature are presented.
Female ; Humans

We would like to correct the affiliation for the first author.

No abstract available.
Adenoma, Liver Cell/*pathology ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*pathology ; Human ; Liver Neoplasms/*pathology ; Male ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/*pathology

This study aims to evaluate the ability of C-arm cone-beam CT to detect intracranial hematomas in canine models. Twenty one healthy canines were divided into seven groups and each group had three animals. Autologous blood and contrast agent (3 mL) were slowly injected into the left/right frontal lobes of each animal. Canines in the first group, the control group, were only injected with autologous blood without contrast agent. Each animal in all the 7 groups was scanned with C-arm cone-beam CT and multislice computed tomography (MSCT) after 5 minutes. The attenuation values and their standard deviations of the hematoma and uniformed brain tissues were measured to calculate the image noise, signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR). A scale with scores 1-3 was used to rate the quality of the reconstructed image of different hematoma as a subjective evaluation, and all the experimental data were processed with statistical treatment. The results revealed that when the density of hematoma was less than 65 HU, hematomata were not very clear on C-arm CT images, and when the density of hematoma was more than 65 HU, hematomata showed clearly on both C-arm CT and MSCT images and the scores of them were close. The coherence between the two physicians was very reliable. The same results were obtained with C-arm cone-beam CT and MSCT grades in measuring SD value, SNR, and CNR. The reasonable choice of density detection range of intracranial hematoma with C-arm cone-beam CT could be effectively applied to monitoring the intracranial hemorrhage during interventional diagnosis and treatment.
Animals ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; Hematoma ; diagnosis ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; diagnosis ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio

Objective To explore the application value of real-time shear wave elastography (SWE) technique in diagnosing and staging of chronic viral hepatitis B and hepatic fibrosis and to establish Young's modulus reference range for diagnosing and staging of hepatic fibrosis.Methods Forty-eight patients with chronic hepatitis B and fifty-eight healthy adults were enrolled and their Young's modulus values of S5 and S6 segments of liver were measured.Histopathologic examination was performed on 48 patients with chronic hepatitis B.Comparative analysis was conducted between the pathological findings and Young's modulus values,by means of which Young's modulus reference range for diagnosis and staging of hepatic fibrosis was obtained.Results There was significant difference in Young's modulus values of S5 and S6 segments of liver between chronic hepatitis B group and the normal control group (P＜0.05).Young's modulus values of S5 and S6 segments of liver in chronic hepatitis B group were (11.7 ± 2.9) kPa and (12.1 ± 3.2) kPa respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the normal control group,(5.7 ± 1.1) kPa and (5.8 ± 1.3) kPa respectively.Significant differences of Young's modulus values were detected in every staging of hepatic fibrosis (P＜0.05).S5 segment of liver Young's modulus values in S0-S4 stages were (5.8 ± 2.2) kPa,(7.3 ± 1.9) kPa,(10.3 ± 2.8) kPa,(10.3 ± 2.8) kPa,and (25.3 ± 3.6) kPa,respectively.S6 segment of liver Young's modulus values in S0-S4 stages were (5.7 ± 2.3) kPa,(9.2±2.1) kPa,(10.5±2.1) kPa,(14.7±4.5) kPa,and (26.1 ±2.1) kPa,respectively.Young's modulus value of the liver rose with the increase of S stage.Conclusion SWE technique can establish the Young's modulus reference range for hepatic fibrosis stage.Besides,it features high sensitivity,specificity and accuracy.

Recently nitric oxide (NO) is known as a bioactive molecule modulating secretory activity in various glandular tissues. Previously we have localized bNOS, a neuronal isoform of nitric oxide synthase, in the pancreatic tissue, particularly in the pancreatic islet of Langerhans and in the neurons of intrapancreatic ganglia. It implies that NO may play the important roles in regulation of pancreatic secretion by transmitting the neuronal signals from autonomic nervous system to endocrine and/or exocrine system of pancreas. We also revealed that NO is involved in regulation of insulin secretion and its synthesis. The present study was designed to elucidate the regulatory effect of NO on the pancreatic exocrine secretion by way of insulo-acinar axis. For the experiment, we observed modification of amylase secretion in the rats treated with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (NAME), a potent NOS inhibitor. In addition, we observed the expression of clusterin which is known to be a protein associated with cell viability in order to assess the cytotoxic effect of NO. The present study showed that the intra-pancreatic NO is involved in regulation of amylase secretion of pancreatic acinar cells. Amylase immunoreactivity was significantly decreased at 60 and 90 min after NAME injection, although little change was seen during 30 min after treatment. However, the amylase immunoreaction was recovered toward the normal range at 120 min after NAME treatment. In electron-immunolabeling experiment, we observed the secretory granules with higher electron density, but less immunolabeling for amylase at 60~90 min after NAME treatment, while they restored normal feature and labeling density at 120 min. Clusterin expression increased along with the time course of experiment and demonstrated a highest level at 120 min after NAME injection. Taken together, the above results indicate that lowered level of NO induced by NAME treatment reduces amylase secretion of acinar tissue. It implies that increased level of NO in physiological range may stimulate pancreatic exocrine secretion.
Acinar Cells ; Amylases ; Animals ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cell Survival ; Clusterin ; Ganglia ; Insulin ; Islets of Langerhans ; Neurons ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitric Oxide* ; Pancreas ; Rats ; Reference Values ; Secretory Vesicles

Four hundred and sixty five randomly selected clones from a cDNA library of Blattella germanica were partially sequenced and searched using BLAST as a means of analyzing the transcribed sequences of its genome. A total of 363 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were generated from 465 clones after editing and trimming the vector and ambiguous sequences. About 42% (154/363) of these clones showed significant homology with other data base registered genes. These new B. germanica genes constituted a broad range of transcripts distributed among ribosomal proteins, energy metabolism, allergens, proteases, protease inhibitors, enzymes, translation, cell signaling pathways, and proteins of unknown function. Eighty clones were not well-matched by database searches, and these represent new B. germanica-specific ESTs. Some genes which drew our attention are discussed. The information obtained increases our understanding of the B. germanica genome.
Sequence Alignment ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Male ; Female ; *Expressed Sequence Tags ; Blattellidae/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Animals