No abstract available.
Primary Health Care* ; Weight Loss*

BACKGROUNDS: Sexually transmitted disease is class 3 major communicable disease group in Korea, and nationwide surveillance is required to control it. It is necessary to investigate the trends and current characteristics of STDs for effective control. METHODS: We analysed the laboratory data of those who visited a health center in Seoul for venereal disease examination and had abnormal results from Jan 1, 1991 to Dec 31, 1994. Venereal disease examination was composed of serum VDRL(quantitative), Gram staining and culture of urine or urethral discharge. RESULTS: There were 1196 male cases(97.6%) among the total 1226 cases. Mean age was 31.1+/-8.4, and the most common age group was 25-34 yr-old(60.8%). Diagnosis was as follows : syphilis 48 cases(3.9%), gonorrhea 388 cases(31.6%), Nongonoccocal urethritis 773 cases(63.1%), others 10 cases(0.8%), mixed infection of syphilis and gonorrhea 2 cases(0.2 %), mixed infection of syphilis and NGU 5 cases(0.4%). The proportion of PPNG among gonorrhea was as follows : 1991 48.1%, 1992 38.0%, 1993 32.9%, 1994 58.8%. The fraction of NGU among whole urethritis patients increased year by year, 1991 68.0%, 1992 69.4%, 1993 73.3%, 1994 55.3%. There were more WBCs on Gram staining of gonorrhea cases than NGU cases(p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The STD patients among beneficiaries of a health center were mainly young male. Common diagnosis was as follows, NGU, gonorrhea, syphilis. The proportion of PPNG among gonorrhea decreased initially, then increased in 1994, and the fraction of NGU among whole urethritis cases increased initially, then increased in 1994.
Coinfection ; Communicable Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Gonorrhea ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Seoul* ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases* ; Syphilis ; Urethritis

BACKGROUNDS: Sexually transmitted disease is class 3 major communicable disease group in Korea, and nationwide surveillance is required to control it. It is necessary to investigate the trends and current characteristics of STDs for effective control. METHODS: We analysed the laboratory data of those who visited a health center in Seoul for venereal disease examination and had abnormal results from Jan 1, 1991 to Dec 31, 1994. Venereal disease examination was composed of serum VDRL(quantitative), Gram staining and culture of urine or urethral discharge. RESULTS: There were 1196 male cases(97.6%) among the total 1226 cases. Mean age was 31.1+/-8.4, and the most common age group was 25-34 yr-old(60.8%). Diagnosis was as follows : syphilis 48 cases(3.9%), gonorrhea 388 cases(31.6%), Nongonoccocal urethritis 773 cases(63.1%), others 10 cases(0.8%), mixed infection of syphilis and gonorrhea 2 cases(0.2 %), mixed infection of syphilis and NGU 5 cases(0.4%). The proportion of PPNG among gonorrhea was as follows : 1991 48.1%, 1992 38.0%, 1993 32.9%, 1994 58.8%. The fraction of NGU among whole urethritis patients increased year by year, 1991 68.0%, 1992 69.4%, 1993 73.3%, 1994 55.3%. There were more WBCs on Gram staining of gonorrhea cases than NGU cases(p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The STD patients among beneficiaries of a health center were mainly young male. Common diagnosis was as follows, NGU, gonorrhea, syphilis. The proportion of PPNG among gonorrhea decreased initially, then increased in 1994, and the fraction of NGU among whole urethritis cases increased initially, then increased in 1994.
Coinfection ; Communicable Diseases ; Diagnosis ; Gonorrhea ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Seoul* ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases* ; Syphilis ; Urethritis

No abstract available.
Education, Medical* ; Informatics*

No abstract available.
Female ; Humans

BACKGROUND: The quality of specimen for Papanicolaou smear depends on the sampling methods of uterine cervix. This study was designed to test specimen adequacy and the detection of disease using t,wo cervical cytological sampling methods. pastic spatula plus Cytobrish and Cervex-Brush. METHODS: Research subjects were t.he exarninee for screening for cevical cancer in Farnily Practice Center and Health Promotion Center of University Hospital. Research sub jects were classified to two groups randomly. 5 physicians used each device at random. A group 80 test smples(plast,ic spatula plus Cytobrush) were compared with B group test samples(Cervex Brush) for the presence rate of endocervial cells and specimen adequacy. The laborat.ory was blind to the sampling met,hods. RESULTS: The plastic spatula plus Cytobrush and Cervex-Brush were comparable in cap- turing in endocervical cells. But the capturing rates of both methods were high(over 70%). Both the pastic spatula plus Cytobrush and Cervex-Brush produced adequate samples, and the adequacy scores between two methods were not different. significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Use of the plastic spatula puls Cytobrush and Cervex-Brush produced adequate smear for interpretation.
Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Papanicolaou Test ; Plastics ; Research Subjects

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a risk factor of hyperlipidemia, DM, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. In clinical practice the evaluation of obesity has been done indirectly by anthropomet ric indices such as BMI, waist to hip ratio, waist and hip circumference. This study was attempted to show whether waist circumference is better simple anthropometric index of abdominal obesity and has better correlation of metabolic profile than waist to hip ratio which has been commonly used. METHODS: We gathered 286 cases who have undergone medical examination from May 1997 to July 1997 at Dankook University Hospital and measured BMI, relative ideal body weight by Modified Broca method, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, metabolic profiles, fasting blood sugar, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. RESULTS: Waist to hip ratio and waist circumference showed high correlation with BMI and Modified Broca index. In men, correlation coefficient of waist circumference and waist to hip ratio with BMI was r=0.761, r=0.467, and correlation coefficient of waist circumference and waist to hip ratio with Modified Broca index was r=0.726, r=0.458. In women, correlation coefficient of waist circumference and waist to hip ratio with BMI was r=0.791, r=0.628, and correlation coeffience of waist circumference and waist to hip ratio with Modified Broca index was r=0.769 r=0.660. This finding showed waist to hip ratio and waist circumference is more closely related to BMI and Modified Broca index in women than men and showed higher correlation with waist circumference than waist to hip ratio. There were significant differences of correlation coefficient of obesity indices between waist circumference and waist to hip ratio (p<0.00001). Waist circumference showed relatively significant correlation with metabolic profiles, but we could not observe high correlation coefficient. But there was significant difference of distribution between normal group and obese group defined as BMI>25 and modified Broca index>120%. CONCLUSION: Waist circumference, index of abdominal obesity has better correlation with obesity indices than waist to hip ratio and is a simpler method.
Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Fasting ; Female ; Hip ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Hypertension ; Ideal Body Weight ; Male ; Metabolome ; Obesity ; Obesity, Abdominal* ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference* ; Waist-Hip Ratio

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of body composition, eating habits and dietary intake in three Sasang constitutions. This survey was carried out using anthropometry, a questionnaire about eating habits, and 24-hour recall of dietary intake on 45 male and 29 female students of the fifth grade at C elementary school. The results are summarized as follows: A total of 44.6% of the subjects were Taeumin, 35.1% were Soyangin, and 20.3% were Soeumin. The average weight, WHR, Triceps, Rhrer index and BMI in the Taeumin group were significantly higher than those of the Soeumin and Soyangin groups. The body fat mass (kg) and abdominal fat (%) in the Taeumin group were significantly higher than those of the Soeumin and Soyangin groups. The soft body mass (%) in the Soeumin group was significantly higher than that of the Soeumi and Soyangin groups. The Taeumin's energy expenditure in physical activities was little high than that of the Soyangin and Soeumin groups, but the Soyangin's energy expenditure in physical activities per weight was a little higher than that of the Taeumin and Soeumin groups. The calorie and most of the nutrient intake were lower than those of Korean RDA. In the case of males, most nutrient intake, except for fiber, carotene and vitamin C were high in the Taeumin. For females, most nutrient intake, except for calcium and retinol were significantly higher in the Taeumin group. Conclusively, anthropometry characteristics, body composition, energy expenditure in physical activities, eating habits and dietary intake are different among the three Sasang constitutions. This study suggests the possibility of using Sasang consitutions as a basis for providing nutritional education and health guidelines.
Abdominal Fat ; Adipose Tissue ; Anthropometry ; Ascorbic Acid ; Body Composition* ; Calcium ; Carotenoids ; Child* ; Constitution and Bylaws* ; Eating* ; Education ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Vitamin A ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: As people have been interested in healt,h and as the microcomputers with multimedia steeing have been supplied more and more, there is increasing need of multimedia information about health. The CD-ROM, which is a representative multimedia tool, is capable of interacting between information-provider and users, offering audiovisual interface, and saving great deal of knowledge. METHODS: We developed the health-information system to provide ordinary people with hea1th information using multimedia tools. It, has 7 parts ; self-diagnosis, exploring human body, drug information, hospital information, first-aid treatment, Q and A, and medical common sense. We got image data such as figures, photos, X-rays, electrocardiograms and pathologic specimens with scanner and film scanner, also moving image(video) with video-capturing program. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: We hope the multimedia health-information system to become a useful methodology of patient education and to be used as an information source in medical information network in the near future.
CD-ROM ; Electrocardiography ; Hope ; Human Body ; Information Services ; Microcomputers ; Multimedia* ; Patient Education as Topic

BACKGROUNDS: It is important to know the contents of health problems in patients in a primary care setting. The aim of this study was to explore the main chief complaints and major diagnoses of patients, who were admitted to a hospital using the ICD-10 and to observe difference according to each department and admission route and how diagnoses were made. METHODS: A total of 18,560 patients who were admitted to a hospital located in Chungnam Province from 1 Jan 1998 to 31 Dec 1998. Main chief complaints and major diagnoses made through the admissions departments were chosen as subjects (medical vs. surgical) and by admission route (emergency vs. OPD)were analyzed. How the diagnoses were derived from the most common chief complaints among medical and surgical departments were analyzed by admissions departments and by admission route. RESULTS: The most common 10 chief complaints revealed no significant difference by admission route in medical departments, but there was some difference in surgical departments. There was some difference in the most common 10 major diagnoses by admission routes in both medical and surgical departments. Abdominal and pelvic pain, which was the most common chief complaints, became a significantly different diagnosis by admission route in both departments. CONCLUSION: Main chief complaints were similar regardless of admission routes, but the diagnoses were different. ICD-10 classification may be useful to classify the diagnoses, but have limitations to classify chief complaints or reasons for encounter. It is necessary to introduce a new classification such as ICPC-2 for reasons for encounter in order to explore the dimension of health problems.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Classification ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; International Classification of Diseases ; Pelvic Pain ; Primary Health Care