PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to evaluate the effects of intervention for CVD prevention in construction workers. METHODS: A total of 497 workers participated the health status survey and finally 90 workers were analyzed for evaluation of the intervention with the one-group pretest-posttest design. The data were collected from the questionnaires and health examinations in the healthcare service for road constructor's CVD prevention as secondary analysis. The intervention of the healthcare was composed of CVD prevention education for all workers and face to face counselling for the high risk group of CVD risk during 6 months in workplace. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, χ² test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and paired t-test. RESULTS: The moderate and high risk groups of CVD were 9.7% and 0.8%. After the intervention, the physical activity (MET-min/week) significantly increased (Z=-5.46, p<.001). But, there were no significant differences in blood pressure, fasting glucose, body mass index, and CVD risk appraisals between pre and post intervention. CONCLUSION: The findings imply that it is necessary to develop the health promotion program for construction workers which fully reflects the characteristics of individuals and the organization.
Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Education ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Health Promotion ; Motor Activity

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to illustrate MR patterns of bone marrow of calvarium and vertebral body in normal subjects according the age distribution and to understand the course of the fatty replacement from red marrow. METHODS AND MATERIAL: We retrospectively evaluated MR examinations of the calvaria(n=71), cervical spine(n=71), thoracic spine(n=65), Imbar spine(n =68) in subjects without bone marrow abnormality whose age ranged 3 weeks to 74 years. Three distinctive patterns were categorized on Tl-weighted images of the skull. In pattern 1, uniformly low signal intensity with or without very small areas of high intensity in frontal and occipital bones is noted. In pattern 2, frontal and occipital bones have uniformly high signal intensity, and patchy area of high intensity appears in parietal bone. In pattern 3, the entire skull has uniformly high signal intensity. In the spine, four patterns were categorized on Tl-weighted MR images. In pattern 1, the vertebral body has uniformly low signal intensity except for linear areas of high intensity superior and inferior to basivertebral vein. In pattern 2, bandlike and triangular areas of high signal intensity are found in the periphery. Pattern 3 and 4 have diffusely distributed areas of high signal intensity; pattern 3 consist of numerous indistinct dots measuring a few millimeter or less, and pattern 4 consist of fairly well marginated areas ranging in size from 5 to 1.5cm. RESULT:In the calvaria, 73% of pattern 1 were younger than 20 years, pattern 2 were evenly distributed, and 86% of pattern 3 were older than 40 years. In the spine, 87% of pattern 1 were younger than 40 years, 72% of pattern 3 were in 40 to 50 years, and 87% of pattern 4 were older than 50 years. Pattern 2 were evenly distributed in the cervical and thoracic spine, but in the thoracic spine 62% were younger than 30 years. CONCLUSION:It is concluded that younger age group shows mainly pattern 1, whereas elderly group has pattern 3 or 4 in the calvarial and vertebral body marrow. This suggests that conversion to fatty marrow begin locally and progress diffusely with age.
Age Distribution* ; Aged ; Bone Marrow* ; Humans ; Occipital Bone ; Parietal Bone ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull* ; Spine ; Veins

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify a relationship between the communication competence and social anxiety in nursing students. METHODS: With a cross-sectional survey, a convenience sampling of 303 nursing students was taken from P-university in Y-city. The instrument for the study was a questionnaire that is consisted of the general characteristics, an Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS) and a Global Interpersonal Communication Competence Scale (GICC). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson's correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS version 21.0. RESULTS: The mean score of the IAS was 41.89+/-8.74 and the GICC was 3.51+/-0.34. Communication competence significantly differed by the satisfaction of major (F=10.86, p<.001). In addition, the satisfaction of interpersonal relationships was significantly different in both communication competence (F=17.52, p<.001) and social anxiety (F=23.85, p<.001). Social anxiety had a negative correlation with communication competence (r=-.48, p<.001). Social anxiety accounted for 55.3% of the variance-social relaxation (beta=-.62), assertiveness (beta=-.18), interaction management (beta =.14) and efficiency (beta=-.13)- of communication competence's subcategories. CONCLUSION: It was found that communication competence has an influence on social anxiety. Therefore, education programs are needed to promote communication competence for a decline of social anxiety in nursing students.
Anxiety* ; Assertiveness ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Humans ; Mental Competency* ; Nursing* ; Relaxation ; Students, Nursing*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: This study was to develop, implement, and evaluate an e-learning education program for improving practical knowledge and preventing nursing errors and adverse events of nurses working in the operating room (OR). METHOD: The e-learning program was developed and evaluated according to the following processes: 1) preparation phase 2) implementation phase 3) evaluation phase. In evaluation phase, the effectiveness was analyzed based on the Kirkpatrick's model. RESULTS: The e-learning program consisted of OR basic nursing skills and techniques and nursing activities' manual based on the categories of nursing errors: surgical operation preparation, nursing skills and techniques, environment management, patient safety and comfort, and patient monitoring. The program was provided through on-line, http:// cafe.daum.net/pnuhorn, for 4 weeks. The mean score(percent) of participants' satisfaction was 21.24+/-1.71(68.2%). Their total knowledge level was significantly improved(Z=-3.00, p=.003) and specifically in the category of environment management(Z=-3.77, p<.001) and patient monitoring(Z=-2.46, p=.014). The occurrence of nursing errors or adverse events was a little decreased, but not statistically significant(Z= -3.10, p=.756). CONCLUSION: E-learning for nurses is one way of effective and efficient teaching-learning strategies. For better e-learning, it is important to develop the vital content of the education and objective measures for detecting nursing errors and adverse events.
Education* ; Education, Nursing, Continuing ; Humans ; Medical Errors ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Nursing* ; Operating Rooms* ; Patient Safety ; Program Development ; Program Evaluation

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify job experiences of male hospital nurses. METHODS: Data were collected from 20 male nurses working at general hospitals, through semi-structured in-depth interviews. The interviews were recorded and subsequently transcribed verbatim. Using content analysis, data were coded and categorized. RESULTS: The analyzed domains were motivations for choosing nursing, occupational experiences (3 subdomains), and attitudes toward the future. A total of 85 significant statements were selected from the data and classified into 32 categories. The nurses' motivations for choosing nursing were advantages of employment, their aptitude, scarcity value of men, professionalism and job security, good promotion, stable income, and family influence. In occupational experiences, they were assigned to special fields and dissatisfied with vertical relationship, promotion system, their salary, and gaps in military service time; they had difficulties in adapting to female-dominated groups and encountered gender role stereotype and preconception; they were satisfied with their distinguished performance, but had damaged self-esteem, and were stressed and disappointed in their work. In their attitudes toward the future, they considered their career changes, but tried to make professional and personal advancement. CONCLUSION: These findings have implications for recruiting and retaining male nurses in clinical settings.
Aptitude ; Employment ; Gender Identity ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Male ; Military Personnel ; Motivation ; Nurses, Male ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Statistics as Topic

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to assess the morbidity and mortality of 311 patients implanted with at least one Omniscience prosthetic valve between January 1992 and January 2000. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Following valve implantation all patients were followed up with routine interviews, physical examination and echocardiography. RESULTS: The mean follow-up duration was 5.8+/-0.9 (standard error, SE) years with a mean follow-up interval of 8.5+/-0.7 (SE) months. The 311 patients received the following type (s) of valve: mitral, aortic, both or tricuspid valve, in 166 (47.9%), 99 (32.0%), 44 (19.5%) and 2 (0.6%) of cases, respectively. The cumulative follow up was 1143.4 patient-years (pt-yr). Death occurred in eight patients (0.7%/ pt-yr at linearized rate), and redo-operations were required in 27 patients (2.4%/pt-yr) due to valve failure. Actuarial freedom from all complication was 72.5%+/-8.2% (SE). Freedom from pannus formation, paravalvular leak, or thromboembolism plus anticoagulant related bleeding were 83.1%+/-3.5% (MVR/AVR 92.7%+/-4.7%/73.4%+/-2.8%), 95.2%+/-2.1% (MVR/AVR 96.8%+/-4.2%/93.6%+/-3.2%), and 96.1%+/-2.5% (MVR/AVR 95.6%+/-5.6%/96.7%+/-4.7%) respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results with this prosthesis demonstrate relatively high incidences of valve related complication especially due to pannus formations and paravalvular leaks. We could reduce the incidences of mortality by earlier detection of complications, redo-operations and routine checks.
Echocardiography ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Freedom ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Physical Examination ; Prostheses and Implants ; Prosthesis Failure ; Thromboembolism ; Tricuspid Valve

Authors performed the immunohistochemical study with avidin biotin-peroxi- dase complex staining on the nail unit of the human fetus for determining the presence of keratin and prekeratin. Seven fetuses, ranging from 12 to 27 weeks in age, were examined. In all cases, the keratin and prekeratin were found in the epidermis of nail units, but not found in stratum corneum and nail plate. Keratin was located predominantly in suprabasal cells whereas prekeratin was located diffusely in the epidermis. Interestingly keratin and prekeratin were found as early as 12 week-old gestational period. There was no significant difference in presence of keratin and prekeratin.
Avidin ; Epidermis ; Fetus ; Humans*

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to construct a hypothetical structural model which explains the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in adolescent girls and to test the fitness with collected data. METHODS: The participants were 1,087 adolescent girls from 3 high schools and 5 middle schools in B city. Data were collected from July 3 to October 15, 2012 using self-reported questionnaires and were analyzed using PASW 18.0 and AMOS 16.0 programs. RESULTS: The overall fitness indices of hypothetical model were good (chi2 =1555, p<.001), chi2/df=4.40, SRMR=.04, GFI=.91, RMSEA=.05, NFI=.90, TLI=.91, CFI=.92, AIC=1717). Out of 16 paths, 12 were statistically significant. Daily hassles had the greatest impact on PMS in the adolescent girls in this model. In addition, PMS in adolescent girls was directly affected by menarche age, Body Mass Index (BMI), amount of menstruation, test anxiety, social support, menstrual attitude and femininity but not by academic stress. This model explained 27% of the variance in PMS in adolescent girls. CONCLUSION: The findings from this study suggest that nursing interventions to reduce PMS in adolescent girls should address their daily hassles, test anxiety, menstrual attitude and BMI. Also, social support from their parents, friends, and teachers needs to be increased.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Humans ; *Models, Theoretical ; Premenstrual Syndrome/*psychology ; Psychology, Adolescent ; Questionnaires ; Social Support ; Stress, Psychological

No abstract available.
Acyclovir* ; Necrosis*