No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma*

This study investigated dieting behavior, awareness of body shapes, and eating disorders in female adolescents according to age and BMI. The Eating Attitude Test for Korean Adolescents (EAT-26KA) and sociocultural standards were used to measure eating disorders and sociocultural attitudes related to appearance, respectively. In addition, the BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) scale was used to measure the correlation between disordered eating and depression. The data were collected from 390 female adolescents living in Seoul and were analyzed using SPSS15.0. The results indicated that subjects wanted to be thinner despite having a normal body weight (BMI 19.35+/-2.73). They also thought of themselves as fat and with desires to be slimmer, and viewed "diet and exercise" as the best way to lose weight. About 67.4% of the respondents had tried a diet and had experienced dizziness, anorexia, and general exhaustion while dieting. Also, 5.1% of the subjects were classified as eating disorder and suffered from stress to be thin. In addition, 85.0% of the subjects with eating disorder had tried a diet due to "appearance". They thought that "being underweight" was an ideal body image and considered themselves fat, although their BMIs were in the normal range (19.94+/-2.02). In terms of symptoms during dieting, many of the subjects dealing with an eating disorder felt dizzy, had low energy, and were depressed. In conclusion, we must educate young females about healthy eating and positive body image to prevent the development of adolescent eating disorders.
Adolescent ; Anorexia ; Body Image ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Depression ; Diet ; Dizziness ; Eating ; Eating Disorders ; Female ; Humans ; Ideal Body Weight ; Reference Values ; Weights and Measures

PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of the method for preventing corneal opacity and minimizing the intraocular pressure (IOP) increase after photorefractive keratectomy treated with 0.1% fluorometholone and tranilast (0.5% tranilast, Krix®, JW pharmaceutical, Seoul, Korea), especially in cases with elevated IOP. METHODS: The patients who underwent photorefractive keratectomy from May 2014 to May 2015 were enrolled in the present study. The data of 49 patients (49 eyes) with elevated IOP at 1 month postoperatively and who used 0.1% fluorometholone and tranilast eye drops (tranilast group) were analyzed and compared with the control group consisting of patients who underwent the same surgery from December 2012 to October 2013 but used only 0.1% fluorometholone. RESULTS: The visual acuity at postoperative 6 months was log MAR -0.08 ± 0.05 and log MAR -0.08 ± 0.04 in the tranilast group and control group, respectively. The eye drops were used postoperatively for 17.7 ± 3.3 weeks in the tranilast group and for 20.5 ± 3.7 weeks in the control group (p < 0.01). Anti-glaucoma eye drops were used for 18.4 ± 3.2 weeks and 20.9 ± 3.7 weeks postoperatively in the tranilast group and control group, respectively (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Adding tranilast eye drops to patients whose IOP was elevated because of 0.1% fluorometholone use after photorefractive keratectomy is an effective method for preventing corneal haze and minimizing IOP elevation.
Corneal Opacity ; Fluorometholone* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Ophthalmic Solutions* ; Photorefractive Keratectomy* ; Seoul ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effects of early topical steroid treatment on corneal epithelium healing and postoperative corneal haziness after trans-epithelial photorefractive keratectomy (Trans PRK). METHODS: A total of 400 eyes from 200 patients who received Trans PRK with the Schwind Amaris laser platform (SCHWIND eye-tech solutions, Kleinostheim, Germany) were included in the present study. In 200 eyes (100 patients, early treated group) topical steroid was used from operation day but in the other 200 eyes (100 patients, late treated group) topical steroid was not used until therapeutic contact lenses were removed. The epithelial healing time, corneal haziness and visual acuity at postoperative 3, and 6 months were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS: The therapeutic contact lenses could be removed at postoperative 3.50 +/- 1.46 days and 3.14 +/- 0.50 days in the early treated group and late treated group, respectively (p < 0.01). Breakdown of the epithelium after removal of therapeutic contact lenses occurred in 8 eyes, which were all in the early treated group. The difference of the visual acuity at postoperative 3 and 6 months between the 2 groups was not statistically significant. However, at postoperative 6 months, the corneal opacity developed in 12 eyes (6%) in the late treated group and 2 eyes (1%) in the early treated group (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Early treatment with topical steroid can delay corneal epithelial healing, especially the attachment of epithelium to stroma. However, the treatment can reduce the prevalence of corneal opacity after Trans PRK.
Composite Resins ; Contact Lenses ; Corneal Opacity ; Epithelium ; Epithelium, Corneal ; Eye ; Humans ; Photorefractive Keratectomy ; Prevalence ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To analyze the time and incidence of increased intraocular pressure (IOP) induced by 0.1% fluorometholone used to prevent corneal haze after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS: The present study included 826 patients (826 eyes) who underwent PRK between November 2012 and October 2013 and were followed up for more than 6 months. After surgery the patients were treated with 0.1% fluorometholone for 3-6 months according to their corneal conditions. The time and incidence was analyzed with the time and incidence when anti-glaucoma eye drops were used. RESULTS: Anti-glaucoma eye drops were used in 312 eyes (38%). The anti-glaucoma eye drops were started before 4 weeks postoperatively in 105 eyes (13%) and postoperatively at 5-8 weeks in 86 eyes (10%), at 9-12 weeks in 83 eyes (10%), at 13-16 weeks in 25 eyes (3%) and after 17 weeks in 13 eyes (2%). CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of increased IOP when treated with 0.1% fluorometholone for 3-6 months after PRK was approximately 38%. The incidence of increased IOP in each month for the first 3 months was almost identical implying that the longer 0.1 fluorometholone was used, the higher incidence of increased IOP occurred. These results can be helpful in educating patients regarding the risk of increased IOP and determining the follow-up period after PRK.
Fluorometholone* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Keratectomy, Subepithelial, Laser-Assisted ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Photorefractive Keratectomy*

PURPOSE: To analyze the time and incidence of increased intraocular pressure (IOP) induced by 0.1% fluorometholone used to prevent corneal haze after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS: The present study included 826 patients (826 eyes) who underwent PRK between November 2012 and October 2013 and were followed up for more than 6 months. After surgery the patients were treated with 0.1% fluorometholone for 3-6 months according to their corneal conditions. The time and incidence was analyzed with the time and incidence when anti-glaucoma eye drops were used. RESULTS: Anti-glaucoma eye drops were used in 312 eyes (38%). The anti-glaucoma eye drops were started before 4 weeks postoperatively in 105 eyes (13%) and postoperatively at 5-8 weeks in 86 eyes (10%), at 9-12 weeks in 83 eyes (10%), at 13-16 weeks in 25 eyes (3%) and after 17 weeks in 13 eyes (2%). CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of increased IOP when treated with 0.1% fluorometholone for 3-6 months after PRK was approximately 38%. The incidence of increased IOP in each month for the first 3 months was almost identical implying that the longer 0.1 fluorometholone was used, the higher incidence of increased IOP occurred. These results can be helpful in educating patients regarding the risk of increased IOP and determining the follow-up period after PRK.
Fluorometholone* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Keratectomy, Subepithelial, Laser-Assisted ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Photorefractive Keratectomy*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the vault change after implantable collamer lens (ICL) size exchange according to the preoperative vault. METHODS: In 14 eyes of 13 patients, the vault change after ICL exchange operation due to unideal vault was compared in 2 groups, the smaller ICL exchanged group and larger ICL exchanged group. RESULTS: In 6 out of 14 eyes, the ICL was exchanged to a 0.5 mm smaller size and the vault was changed from 1.38 mm (1.18-1.70) to 0.71 mm (0.51-0.92) (p = 0.03). In 8 eyes, the ICL was exchanged to a 0.5 mm bigger size and the vault was changed from 0.07 mm (0.03-0.13) to 0.50 mm (0.12-1.01) (p < 0.01). The exchange operation was performed at 3.5 postoperative days (1-6) if the ICL was exchanged to 1 step smaller size, but the exchange operation was performed at 135 postoperative days (90-660) if the ICL was exchanged to 1 step bigger size (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: ICL exchange to 1 step smaller or bigger size is an effective method to correct unideal postoperative vault to a more ideal vault size. The exchange to 1 step smaller size ICL tended to be performed sooner.
Humans ; Phakic Intraocular Lenses*

No abstract available.
Cell Count* ; HIV* ; Humans ; Panax*

PURPOSE: At birth, as the fetus adjusts to the "new world", the fetal pulmonary circulation undergoes a striking transition, characterized by an immediate rise in pulmonary blood flow and a sustained decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR). In the factors which reduce PVR after birth, are ventilation of the lung by gas, increase of oxygen tension in pulmonary vascular system, and some vasoactive mediators. Nitric oxide(NO) is regarded as one of the vasoactive mediators. Therefore we attempted to determine endogenous NO formation in newborns by measuring urinary nitrite(NO2) and citrulline which are indexes of endogenous NO formation. METHODS: We measured the urinary excretion of NO2 and citrulline in 20 term and 15 preterm neonates at the age of 1, 3, 7 days. RESULTS: The urinary excretion of NO2 and citrulline in the neonate group was higher as compared with the older children group(P<0.05). And it increased from the 1st to the 3rd day in the neonatal period(P<0.05). Furthermore the urinary excretion of them and the gestational age were inversely related(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: These changes of the urinary excretion of NO2 and citrulline in the neonate group suggest the presence of an active physiological role of NO in the pulmonary vascular biology during neonatal transition.
Biology ; Child ; Citrulline* ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Lung ; Nitric Oxide* ; Oxygen ; Parturition ; Pulmonary Circulation ; Strikes, Employee ; Ventilation

A 71-year-old male initially presented with vocal cord palsy and underwent tracheostomy. After thorough examination, urogenital dysfunction, orthostatic hypotension, and Parkinsonism were found, which led to the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy (MSA). After the tracheostomy, bi-level positive airway pressure ventilation was required during the night due to nocturnal hypoxemia. Night-time hypoxemia is related to central sleep apnea, which is one of the manifestations of MSA. This is the first case of MSA manifested by bilateral vocal cord palsy as an initial sign in Korea. This case supports the notion that MSA should be taken into consideration when vocal cord paralysis is observed.
Aged ; Airway Obstruction ; Anoxia ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypotension, Orthostatic ; Korea ; Male ; Multiple System Atrophy* ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; Sleep Apnea, Central ; Tracheostomy ; Ventilation ; Vocal Cord Paralysis*