Congenital anomaly of the vas deferens is often easily diagnosed by careful examination of the scrotum as well as by present popularity of vasectomy. By the fact that both systems originate from a common urogenital ridge of mesoderm, anomaly of the kidney has long been recognized to coexist with anomaly of the vas deferens. So, inability to palpate the vas deferens in routine examination or absence of vas deferens in vasectomy should alert the physician to study the patient for associated renal anomaly. We report one case of vas anomaly associated with ipsilateral renal hypoplasia with the brief review of literatures.
Humans ; Kidney ; Mesoderm ; Scrotum ; Vas Deferens ; Vasectomy

No Abstract Available.
Cell Line* ; Humans* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

No Abstract Available.
Cell Line* ; Humans* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

No abstract available.

Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland(MTC) constitutes approximatesly 3% to 10% of all malignant thyroid tumors. It appears in both familial and sporadic forms. Metastases are frequently present at diagnosis and are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Surgical resection of the primary tumor and the metastases is the mainstay of treatment. Although MTC can be detected by elevated serum calcitonin, localization of residual or metastatic foci may be difficult. Many scintigraphic methods have been used for identification of the residual tumor or metastasis. However, most of them have either low sensitivity or low specificity. MTC frequently secretes somatostatin and may express somatostatin receptors. Recently, somatostatin-receptor imaging has been known to be useful for the detection of residual and recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma. A 25 year-old woman who was dignosed as medullary carcinoma by biopsy of thyroid mass is presented. Thirteen years ago, she underwent left thyroidectomy due to thyroid cancer(MTC). Laboratory tests revealed an increase in the levels in serum CEA(CEA=557.6 ng/ml) and calcitonin(calcitonin= 720 pg/ml). The second patient, a 30 year-old female, complained of a palpable mass in the left anterior neck. Ten years ago, she underwent a right lobectomy of thyroid gland due to adenomatous goiter. Laboratory tests revealed an increase in the levels in serum CEA(CEA=617 ng/ml) and Calcitonin (Calcitonin=2,300 pg/ml). In both cases, pre- and postoperative In-111 pentetreotide scintigraphy were done and compared with "'I scintigraphy. In-111 pentetreotide scan may be useful for the localization of residual or metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma. Further study is warranted to define the sensitivity and specificity of the technique.
Biopsy ; Calcitonin ; Carcinoma, Medullary ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Goiter ; Humans ; Neck ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Radiotherapy ; Receptors, Somatostatin ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Somatostatin ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroidectomy

PURPOSE: The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has increased in several countries. Lower cut-off in screening programs have led to an increase in the proportion of transient hypothyroidism (TH) cases diagnosed, leading to debate on the associated clinical and economic impact. This study aimed to identify factors that would allow discrimination between TH and permanent CH (PH) in patients with a eutopic thyroid gland. METHODS: Sixty-six patients with CH from 3 different hospitals were studied: 26 cases of TH, and 40 cases of PH. Laboratory findings and clinical parameters were analysed in 56 patients with eutopic thyroid gland. RESULTS: Initial serum thyroid stimulating hormone levels and L-thyroxine dose at 12 and 24 months of age were significantly higher in PH than TH patients with a eutopic thyroid gland. The area under the curve for the 12-month and 24-month dose for the prediction of TH in eutopic CH was 0.799 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.678-0.919; P<0.001) and 0.925 (95% CI, 0.837-1.000; P<0.001), respectively. The optimum 12-month and 24-month dose in predicting TH is 3.25 microg/kg (12-month: sensitivity, 87.1%; specificity, 68.0%; 24-month: sensitivity 93.5%, specificity 88%). CONCLUSION: Infants with CH requiring lower L-thyroxine doses (<3.25 microg/kg) are likely to have TH, and thus might be re-evaluated at 12 months or 24 months rather than 3 years of age.
Congenital Hypothyroidism* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypothyroidism ; Incidence ; Infant ; Mass Screening ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyrotropin ; Thyroxine*

OBJECTIVE: Gestational diabetes mellitus is defined as carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity first diagnosed during pregnancy. It is associated with adverse outcomes of pregnancy including obstetrical complications such as increased rate of cesarean sections, preeclampsia, and birth trauma, and perinatal morbidities, such as macrosomia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperbilirubinemia. Therefore, screening for gestational diabetes mellitus and early diagnosis of this condition allows intervention to be carried out, thereby, the reduction of the untoward effects mentioned above can be minimized. METHODS: Screening for abnormal glucose metabolism was carried out in 489 pregnant women. A 50-g oral glucose load without regard to time of day or last meal, and a 1-hour plasma glucose determination with a threshold of 140mg/dl were used as a glucose screening test(GST). Patients with an abnormal GST underwent an oral glucose tolerance test(GTT). RESULTS: The overall incidence of gestational diabetes was 2.7%. The occurrence of this disorder was significantly related to the age of pregnant women, parity, or the presence of risk factors for gestational diabetes and obesity(Body Mass Index> or =26kg/m2). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that Korean pregnant women should be screened for gestational diabetes.
Blood Glucose ; Cesarean Section ; Diabetes, Gestational* ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Hypocalcemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Incidence ; Mass Screening* ; Meals ; Metabolism ; Parity ; Parturition ; Pre-Eclampsia ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Diagnosis* ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were 1) to correlate the carotid intima-medial thickness (IMT) with risk factors of atherosclerosis, 2) to demonstrate the standarized methods of B-mode ultrasound (US) scanning of carotid artery and IMT measurement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bilateral carotid arteries of 95 adult volunteers were scanned using 12 MHz linear probe. The mean of bilateral IMT was regarded as the volunteer's IMT, which was measured on the far wall of distal common carotid artery. The normality test for measured IMT and correlation tests between IMT and various known risk factors of atherosclerosis including age, end-systolic blood pressure, end-diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose level, body mass index, life-style data and lipid profiles were performed. Inter-observer and intra-observer variability were evaluated through correlation tests on 20 randomly sampled data. RESULTS: The measured IMT showed normal distribution (mean=0.673 mm, SD=+/-0.1, p=0.494) and the 95th percentile was 0.830 mm. The systolic blood pressure (r=0.101) and body mass index (r=0.200) showed positive correlation but they did not show statistically significant relationships with IMT (p>0.05). The age showed statistically significant correlation (r=0.585, p<0.001), but the other risk factors did not show statistically significant correlation with IMT. The correlation coefficients of inter-observer and intra-observer variability on IMT measurement were 0.8770 and 0.9213, respectively. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic criteria for early carotid atherosclerosis using B-mode US could be estimated from our data. Our measurement protocols showed high reproducibility. The associations between most risk factors that did not show statistically significant correlation in our study and IMT should be confirmed in a population-based study.
Adult* ; Atherosclerosis ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Carotid Arteries* ; Carotid Artery Diseases ; Carotid Artery, Common ; Fasting ; Humans ; Observer Variation ; Risk Factors ; Ultrasonics ; Ultrasonography* ; Volunteers*

OBJECTIVES: Fibronectin is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein found in the plasma and extracellular matrix. The presence of fetal fibronectin in cervicovaginal secretion of pregnant women during the second and the third trimester has been suggested as a means of identifying women in preterm labor who be delivered prematurely. Therefore, our purpose was to determine the clinical efficacy of the presence of fetal fibronectin in cervicovaginal secretion of patient in full term as biochemical predictor of Time of Induction. METHODS: Fetal fibronectin was obtained at external os and posterior vaginal fornix in 30 women in full term who had no uterine contraction with intact membrane. The cervix was assessed by digital vaginal examination and scored with a modified Bishop score. RESULTS: There was a good correlation in delivery time after induction between the fetal fibronectin and the modified Bishop score (r=0.695,P<0.005) CONCLUSION: The presence of fetal fibronectin is better than Bishop score that is dependent on clinical experience as biochemical predictor of Time of Induction.
Cervix Uteri ; Extracellular Matrix ; Female ; Fibronectins* ; Glycoproteins ; Gynecological Examination ; Humans ; Membranes ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Plasma ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Pregnant Women ; Uterine Contraction

BACKGROUND: It is important to recognize the independent prognostic factors of papillary carcinoma of thyroid in therapeutic and follow up planning. However, its good prognosis and its low prevalence make it difficult to analyze prognostic factors determining patients survival in a relatively short period of time. We retrospectively investigated the independent prognostic factors for determining disease recurrence after surgery which, in adults, are known to be closely related to the prognosis of cancer. METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 456 patients (male 70, female 381, unknown 5, mean age of 43.9+-12.9 years) who had visited the thyroid clinic in Seoul National University Hospital and analyzed the data with statistical software program. RESULTS: 1) At initial visit, chief complaint of the patients was abnormal neck mass in 90 percent. 2) In preoperative thyroid scan study, 82% showed cold area and 16% showed diffuse enlargement. 3) Of the 50 recurrent cases after surgery (11.5% of the total cases), 39 cases (78%) had recurred disease in neck area and 11 cases (22%) had recurrences at distant sites. (Lung 9 cases, Brain I case, Mediastinum 1case) 4) Statistically significant risk factors for recurrence after surgery were male sex, size of tumor (above 4.5cm in this study), extrathyroidal invasion of cancer, involvement of resection margin and no remnant ablation of thyroid tissue using radioiodine. CONCLUSION: Through retrospective study, we presented some clinical characteristics of papillary thyroid cancer in Korea and independent risk factors of cancer recurrences after surgery.
Adult ; Brain ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Mediastinum ; Neck ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Seoul ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*