PURPOSE: This study was to analyze health behavior adherence and identify affecting factors on the duration of the hypertension diagnosis. METHODS: A total of 154 patients of hypertension participated in this study. Data were collected from October to December, 2013 and analyzed using frequency, t-test, ANOVA, multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The scores of health behavior adherence and hypertension knowledge in incidental hypertension patients were 82.23±9.69, 17.86±4.33, respectively. In the treated hypertension patients, the scores of health behavior adherence were 89.30±10.17 and hypertension knowledge were 18.54±3.89. The selected independent variables explained 34% of the health behaviors in the incidental hypertension patients and 36% of the health behaviors in the treated hypertension patients. The regression models were statistically significant (F=4.37, p < .001, F=4.45, p < .001). Among selected potential influencing factors, age (β=.423, p < .001), smoking habit (β=−.227, p=.038), obesity (β=.369, p=.030), hypertension knowledge (β=.281, p=.007), coping strategies (β=.261, p=.015). affect health behavior adherence in the incidental hypertension. In the treated hypertension patients were age (β=.362, p=.007), sex (β=−.396, p=.004), smoking habit (β=−.245, p=.022), perceived health status (β=−.238, p=.035) affect health behavior adherence. CONCLUSION: There was difference about health behavior adherence between newly diagnosed and treated hypertension patients. So different approaches for incidental and treated hypertensive patient need to improve health behavior through tailored nursing intervention.
Age Factors ; Diagnosis* ; Health Behavior* ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Linear Models ; Nursing ; Obesity ; Smoke ; Smoking

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ketorolac, paracetamol, and paracetamol plus morphine on pain relief after thyroidectomy. METHODS: Eighty patients were randomly allocated to one of the 4 groups: normal saline (group C), ketorolac 30 mg (group K), paracetamol 1 g (group P), and paracetamol 700 mg plus morphine 3 mg (group PM). Each regimen was administered intravenously (IV) 30 min. before the end of surgery. If pain was not relieved, patients received an IV bolus of pethidine hydrochloride 25 mg. Pain intensity using a visual analogue scale (VAS) was recorded at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hr after the end of surgery. RESULTS: VAS at 0.5 and 1 hr after the end of surgery were significantly lower in group K, group P, and group PM than in group C (P < 0.05). The number of patients receiving pethidine hydrochloride at 0.5 and 1 hr after the end of surgery was significantly lower in group K, group P, and group PM than in group C (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference among the groups in the incidences of adverse events associated with study medications and patient satisfaction (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Paracetamol 1 g IV possesses a similar analgesic efficacy to ketorolac 30 mg IV after thyroidectomy. Paracetamol may represent an alternative to ketorolac for pain prevention after mildly to moderately painful surgery in situations where the use of NSAIDs is unsuitable.
Acetaminophen ; Analgesics ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ketorolac ; Meperidine ; Morphine ; Patient Satisfaction ; Thyroidectomy

Computer-Assisted Instruction(CAI) is one kind of teaching method to teach leaners knowledge, attitude, and technical aspect of course contents through utilizing a computer as a learning material. CAI is focused on the concept of interaction and individualized learning. Thus in teaching and learning process CAI is considered the individual differences of learners. And learners can study course contents repeatedly through utilizing courseware. Based on the importance of individualized learning program through utilizing a computer the courseware of infection control was developed to acquire and apply the appropriate knowledge for controlling infection for learners.
Individuality ; Infection Control* ; Learning ; Teaching

Primary small cell carcinomas of the prostate are rare, and their histogenesis and clinical behavior remain poorly defined. The origin of small cell carcinoma remains uncertain, but several hypothesis has been put forward, one of this is that the tumor is derived from the argentaffin or argyrophil cells normally present in the prostate, and the other is that arises from the totipotential basal or reserve cells of the prostatic acini. Primary small cell carcinoma of the prostate is a highly aggressive tumor. causing widespread metastasis and early death. The mean survival is 5 to7 months after diagnosis of the small cell carcinoma regardless of the proportion of small cell component or cell size. We report one case of primary small cell carcinoma of the prostate with brief review of literatures.
Carcinoma, Small Cell* ; Cell Size ; Cellular Structures ; Diagnosis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prostate*

Thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) is a sporadic lethal type of skeletal dysplasia featuring micromelia, decreased thoracic dimension and macrocephaly. To date, several kinds of mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) has been identified in TD. We experienced a case of TD type I and underwent sequencing of the exon 7, 10 and the stop codon of FGFR3 to identify the type of mutation. TDI was diagnosed by the prenatal ultrasound at 25 weeks of gestation. The pregnancy was terminated and the diagnosis was confirmed by radiological and histologic examinations. The genomic DNA was extracted and the sequences of the exon 7, 10 and the stop codon of FGFR3 were amplified by PCR. The sequencing was performed for the each PCR products by dideoxyterminator method. The nucleotide transition from G to T was found in the nucleotide 1108, which is a part of the transmembrane domain, exon 10. To date, only one type of mutation (nucleotide 742) in the FGFR3 was identified in TD1 among Asian. This case firstly reveals the mutation of FGFR3 other than mutation at nucleotide 742 in TD1.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Codon, Terminator ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Exons* ; Fibroblast Growth Factors* ; Fibroblasts* ; Humans ; Macrocephaly ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3* ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor* ; Thanatophoric Dysplasia* ; Ultrasonography

Pleural effusion due to hepatic cirrhosis with ascites is well known, although hepatic hydrothorax in the absence of ascites is a rare condition, the pathogenesis of which is still unknown. We report a case of hepatic hydrothorax without ascites confirmed by the intraperitoneal injection of Tc-99m macroaggregated serum albumin (Tc-99m MAA) that demonstrated the passage of Tc-99m MAA into the right pleural cavity.
Ascites* ; Hydrothorax* ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Pleural Cavity ; Pleural Effusion ; Serum Albumin*

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and competence level of trainees of Cardiopulmonary resuscitation training targeted for nursing students. 70 nursing students of Y nursing college are recruited as subjects from Dec. 1st, 1998 through Dec. 8th, 1998. For the pre-test, demographic data related to CPR and knowledge of CPR were evaluated. For the post-test, the next week of pre-test, three difference groups of subjects were tested their knowledge of CPR. CPR training was designed by two components which were 90 mins lecture and demonstration by one professor and individual practice using two educational models with two professors. As the tool of measurement estimating pre or post knowledge of CPR, questionnaires were developed based on self-diagnosis questionnaires of American Heart Association (AHA). The questionnaires were multiple choices (50 questions) and open end questions regarding CPR process. Each multiple choices questions valued 2 points (Score varied min. 0 point to max. 100 points.). Collected data were computerized and analyzed by SPSS-WIN. Frequency and percentage of each questions analyzed. The differences of the knowledge and competency level of subjects between pre and post test was analyses by paired t-test. The followings are research outcome. 1. In the pre-test, 95% of subjects answered that they already knew what CPR was, but only 82% described correctly what CPR was. 49% learned CPR before, and 80s5 of them learned at high school. 2. 37 questions scores increases, and 10 questions scores decreased. 3 questions didnt change their score. After getting training, ratio of 80% correct score significantly increased 4 times. 3. In post-test, knowledge level of trainees increased compared to that of pre-test. (t=-15.075, p=0.000) 4. Competence level also increased (t= -14.86, p=0.00). In result, after getting CPR training, most CPR knowledge increased except open the air tract, toddler CPR, and alternative behavior when the air tract is blocked. CPR training needs to extend the educational scope not only CPR lecture but also psychomotor skill practice. CPR trainees are in need of appropriate feedback as well as enough opportunities of skill practice.
American Heart Association ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Models, Educational ; Nursing* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing*

STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective study is to confirm the diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous needle biopsy of vertebral lesions. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous needle biopsy and the clinical and pathological correlation of vertebral lesions. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: A review of previous articles showed that the diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous needle biopsy of vertebral lesions was between 77-94%. The greatest accuracy was achieved in diagnosis of metastatic disease or infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed 22 percutaneous needle biopsies in twenty vertebral bodies and two posterior elements under the CT guidance. All biopsies were performed with a 16-gauge Osty-cut bone biopsy needle. There were 1 cervical, 8 thoracic and 13 lumbar biopsies. Transpedicular approach was performed on 13 patients and paraspinal approach on 7 patients. There were 8 malignancies, 9 infections, 2 benign tumors, 2 compression fractures and 1 butterfly vertebra. RESULTS: An accurate diagnosis was made in 18 cases(81.8%) of all cases. Two of the 22 specimens were blood clots and two specimens of tuberculous spondylitis were insufficient for definite diagnosis. Bacteriological studies revealed a causative agent in 43% of pyogenic spondylitis. Histologic diagnosis confirming the clinical suspicion was obtained in 16(80%) of the 20 positive cases. There was no complication. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous needle biopsy under the CT guidance is a safe and accurate method for obtaining a diagnosis of vertebral lesions such as osteolytic lesion and infection.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Needle* ; Butterflies ; Diagnosis ; Fractures, Compression ; Humans ; Needles* ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine ; Spondylitis

OBJECTIVE: Post-traumatic cerebral infarction (PTCI) is one of the most severe secondary insults after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and is known to be associated with poor outcome and high mortality rate. We assessed the practical incidence and risk factors for the development of PTCI. METHODS: We conducted retrospective study on 986 consecutive patients with TBI from the period May 2005 to November 2012 at our institution. The definition of PTCI was made on non-enhanced CT scan based on a well-demarcated or fairly discernible region of low attenuation following specific vascular territory with normal initial CT. Clinical and radiological findings that related to patients' outcome were reviewed and statistically compared. RESULTS: PTCI was observed in 21 (2.1%) patients. Of various parameters, age (p=0.037), initial Glasgow coma scale score (p<0.01), brain herniation (p=0.044), and decompressive craniectomy (p=0.012) were significantly higher in patients with PTCI than patients who do not have PTCI. Duration between accident and PTCI, patterns of TBI and vascular territory of PTCI were not specific. The mortality rates were significantly higher in patients with PTCI than without PTCI. CONCLUSION: The development of PTCI is rare after TBI, but it usually results in serious outcome and high mortality. Early recognition for risks and aggressive managements is mandatory to prevent PTCI.
Brain ; Brain Injuries* ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Decompressive Craniectomy ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Hernia ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVE: Atrophy and a high T2 signal of the hippocampus are known to be the principal MR imaging findings of hippocampal sclerosis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not individual MRI findings correlate with surgical outcome in patients with this condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preoperative MR imaging findings in 57 consecutive patients with pathologically-proven hippocampal sclerosis who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy and were followed-up for 24 months or more were retrospectively reviewed, and the results were compared with the postsurgical out-come (Engel classification). The MR images included routine sagittal T1-weighted and axial T2-weighted spin-echo images, and oblique coronal T1-weighted 3D gradient-echo and T2-weighted 2D fast spin-echo images obtained on either a 1.5 T or 1.0 T unit. The images were visually evaluated by two neuroradiologists blinded to the outcome; their focus was the presence or absence of atrophy and a high T2 hippocampal signal. RESULTS: Hippocampal atrophy was seen in 96% of cases (55/57) [100% (53/53) of the good outcome group (Engel class I and II), and 50% (2/4) of the poor outcome group (class III and IV)]. A high T2 hippocampal signal was seen in 61% of cases (35/57) [62% (33/53) of the good outcome group and 50% (2/4) of the poor outcome group]. All 35 patients with a high T2 signal had hippocampal atrophy. `Normal' hippocampus, as revealed by MR imaging, occurred in 4% of patients (2/57), both of whom showed a poor outcome (Engel class III). The presence or absence of hippocampal atrophy correlated well with surgical outcome (p<0.01). High T2 signal intensity did not, however, significantly correlate with surgical outcome (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared with a high T2 hippocampal signal, hippocampal atrophy is more common and correlates better with surgical outcome. For the prediction of this, it thus appears to be the more useful indicator.
Adult ; Atrophy ; Female ; Hippocampus/*pathology/*surgery ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Age ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Retrospective Studies ; Sclerosis ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Treatment Outcome