No abstract available.
C-Reactive Protein* ; Female ; Obstetric Labor, Premature* ; Pregnancy ; Tocolysis*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a school based smoking prevention program for college freshmen. METHOD: The nonequivalent control group, pretest-post-test design was used. Among 16 departments in a University located in S city, students in 8, randomly selected, departments received 6 sessions of smoking prevention program consisted of small group discussion led by smoking cessation leaders, video watching, and lectures from March 15 to June 9, 2004. Students in remaining 8 departments did not receive any education. Student's attitude, intention, stress, temptation, knowledge and self efficacy was measured. RESULT: The level of stress and smoking temptation was significantly decreased in the experimental group over that of the control group. CONCLUSION: It was proven that this school based smoking prevention program was effective for decreasing smoking temptation in college freshmen. In the future, more efforts should be given to college age students to prevent them becoming chronic smokers.
Education ; Humans ; Intention ; Lectures ; Self Efficacy ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking*

PURPOSE: The authers studied the effect of modified anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle for hypertropia in superior oblique muscle palsy combined inferior oblique muscle overaction. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed 19 cases of superor oblique palsy, which were treated by modified inferior oblique muscle anterior transposition from January 1999 to march 2001. Mean follow-up was 14.6 months. The medial portion of inferior oblique muscle was transpositioned to 1mm posterior position of the temporal insertion of inferior rectus muscle and lateral portion of inferior oblique muscle was moved 5mm on imaginary line, which is the line of between temporal insertion of inferior rectus and inferior insertion of lareral rectus muscle, to the direction of inferior insertion of lateral rectus muscle from temporal insertion of inferior rectus muscle, then backward 6mm from that point perpendicularly. RESULTS: The success rates in modified anterior transposition were 94% in under 20delta of hypertropia and 89.5% in over +3 of IOOA. CONCLUSIONS: Modified anterior transposition is an effective procedure of +3 to +4 inferior oblique muscle overaction and hypertropia in superior oblique muscle palsy as a primary surgery.
Follow-Up Studies ; Paralysis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Strabismus*

No abstract available.

Purpose: To compare the contrast sensitivities of type 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy and healthy subjects, and to assess the risk factors associated with a change in contrast sensitivity in diabetes. Methods: A total of 75 (diabetic patients without retinopathy) and 41 (healthy subjects) eyes were reviewed from the medical records. The threshold of contrast sensitivity was measured at 6.3°, 4.0°, 2.5°, 1.6°, 1.0°, and 0.64° under scotopic and photopic states. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging was used to measure the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness in diabetic patients. Results: Diabetic patients showed a lower threshold of contrast sensitivity at all degree measures than did the controls under both scotopic and photopic states. In subgroup analyses, diabetic patients with abnormal contrast sensitivity showed a longer duration of diabetes, decreased total retinal thickness, and decreased average GC-IPL, superior RNFL, superior GC-IPL, and temporal GC-IPL thicknesses. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the duration of diabetes and total retinal thickness were significant predictive factors of decreased contrast sensitivity (odds ratio = 1.117 and 0.942, respectively). Conclusions As the duration of diabetes increased, the contrast sensitivity decreased in type 2 diabetic patients. Neuroretinal degeneration changes both the inner retinal thickness and total retinal thickness and affects contrast sensitivity. Therefore, for longer-term diabetic patients, it is necessary to consider the changes in contrast sensitivity and retinal thickness on OCT evaluation, even if the patient presents with normal fundus findings.

Purpose: To compare the contrast sensitivities of type 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy and healthy subjects, and to assess the risk factors associated with a change in contrast sensitivity in diabetes. Methods: A total of 75 (diabetic patients without retinopathy) and 41 (healthy subjects) eyes were reviewed from the medical records. The threshold of contrast sensitivity was measured at 6.3°, 4.0°, 2.5°, 1.6°, 1.0°, and 0.64° under scotopic and photopic states. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging was used to measure the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness in diabetic patients. Results: Diabetic patients showed a lower threshold of contrast sensitivity at all degree measures than did the controls under both scotopic and photopic states. In subgroup analyses, diabetic patients with abnormal contrast sensitivity showed a longer duration of diabetes, decreased total retinal thickness, and decreased average GC-IPL, superior RNFL, superior GC-IPL, and temporal GC-IPL thicknesses. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the duration of diabetes and total retinal thickness were significant predictive factors of decreased contrast sensitivity (odds ratio = 1.117 and 0.942, respectively). Conclusions As the duration of diabetes increased, the contrast sensitivity decreased in type 2 diabetic patients. Neuroretinal degeneration changes both the inner retinal thickness and total retinal thickness and affects contrast sensitivity. Therefore, for longer-term diabetic patients, it is necessary to consider the changes in contrast sensitivity and retinal thickness on OCT evaluation, even if the patient presents with normal fundus findings.

PURPOSE: To report a case of Chandler's syndrome associated with anterior uveitis. METHODS: We encountered a 39-year-old woman who complained of decreased visual acuity in the left eye with anterior uveitis and increased intraocular pressure. On examination, we found corectopia, endothelial pleomorphism and peripheral anterior synechiae, leading to the diagnosis of Chandler's syndrome with anterior uveitis. RESULTS: The anterior uveitis and increased intraocular pressure in Chandler's syndrome were well controlled with the use of Beta-blocker, Latanoprost and topical corticosteroids. We report this case with a review of the literatures.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Adult ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome* ; Uveitis, Anterior* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To report a case of Chandler's syndrome associated with anterior uveitis. METHODS: We encountered a 39-year-old woman who complained of decreased visual acuity in the left eye with anterior uveitis and increased intraocular pressure. On examination, we found corectopia, endothelial pleomorphism and peripheral anterior synechiae, leading to the diagnosis of Chandler's syndrome with anterior uveitis. RESULTS: The anterior uveitis and increased intraocular pressure in Chandler's syndrome were well controlled with the use of Beta-blocker, Latanoprost and topical corticosteroids. We report this case with a review of the literatures.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Adult ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome* ; Uveitis, Anterior* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical outcome of AMT (amniotic membrane transplantation) for corneal ulcers, persistent epithelial defects, corneal perforations, and neurotropic ulcers. METHODS: We performed AMT on 10 cases of corneal ulcer, 5 cases of persistent epithelial defect, 2 cases of corneal perforation, and 3 cases of neurotropic ulcer from Agust 1999 to May 2002. Amniotic membrane was obtained from the women undergoing elective Cesarean section or normal delivery. We had applied one or two layers of fresh amniotic membrane, that is used within 4hours after resection, over the ulcer bed and anchored by interrupted and running suture technique with 10-0 Nylon. After AMT, Topical eye drops was used three times a day. RESULTS: After AMT, Visual acuity was improved in 6 eyes of 10 corneal ulcer patients and maintained in 3 eyes. In all patients the persistent epithelial erosion was healed and pain was subsided between 6 and 12 days after surgery. There were no leakage in corneal perforation patients, and stable ocular surface were achieved after mean period 15.5 days. The ocular surface was restored by AMT in all neurotropic ulcer patients. CONCLUSIONS: The AMT is an effective method for managing corneal ulcer or ocular surface diseases, that are refractory to conventional treatment. The AMT shortened the usage of broad spectrum antibiotics , increased compliance, and decreased corneal opacity and neovascularization.
Amnion* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Cesarean Section ; Compliance ; Corneal Opacity ; Corneal Perforation ; Corneal Ulcer* ; Female ; Humans ; Membranes ; Nylons ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Pregnancy ; Running ; Suture Techniques ; Ulcer ; Visual Acuity

Arthroscopy assisted anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction with the autogenous bone-patellar tendon-bone(BPB) graft showed more favorable results in the hand of experienced surgeon, but it requires long leaming curve for skillful techniques. On the contrary, open method is very easy to learn, but it needs more soft tissue dissection affecting rehabilitation and morbidity. Arthrotomy through the patellar tendon harvest site provide good surgical approach without supplementary incision, and hence short operation time and good clinical result can be expected. The purpose of this study is to introduce this technique and compares the results with arthroscopic one. We performed 67 cases of ACL reconstruction with autogenous BPB graft through the patellar tendon harvest site. We recorded and analysed the physical findings, Lysholm score and Cybex test at preoperative and postoperative 3, 6, 12 months. Average Lysholm score was 58.0 preoperatively and 90.5 at postoperative one year. Cybex test at one year follow-up showed decreased muscle strength of quadriceps, which was nearly the same result with arthroscopic technique. In conclusion, this technique provided similar excellent clinical results comparing with the arthroscopy assisted ones. Furthermore, this technique had merits of short learning curve and short operation time.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Arthroscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Learning Curve ; Muscle Strength ; Patellar Ligament* ; Rehabilitation ; Transplants