Before beginning the extracorporeal circulation, perfusionists should supply oxygen into the oxygenator and establish blood flow through the blood line of the heart-lung machine. But these manipulation can induce severe hypocarbic state of priming solutions due to wash out of CO2 gas in the solution. This study was carried out to examine the relationship of blood gas changes between hypocarbic priming solutions and body circulation in 15 patients undergoing open heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation. PaCO₂, pH, buffer base and PaO2 were measured from priming solutions before and 15 minutes after the extracorporeal circulation. The results were as follows; 1) Before the extracorporeal circulation, mean PaCO₂ level was 12.1±7.8 mmHg in the priming solution. However, 15 minutes after extracorporeal circulation, the PaCO₂ level was maintained at 35.7±5.7 mmHg. 2) pH in the priming solution was variable from 6.93 to 7.99 (mean 7.45±0.29), but after 15 minutes it was ranged from 7.28 to 7.42 (mean 7.35±0.05). 3) Mean buffer base level in the priming solution was 7.9±3.5 mmol/l. but after 15 minutes, it was 19.6±1.2 mmol/l. 4) Mean PaO₂ level in the priming solution was 667.1±45.6 mmHg, but after 15 minutes, it was 280.7±131.7 mmHg.
Extracorporeal Circulation* ; Heart* ; Heart-Lung Machine ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Oxygen ; Oxygenators ; Thoracic Surgery*

Giant congenital melanocytic nevus is found in 0.1% of live born infants. If present, this lesion has a 6.3% chance to develop malignant melanoma. We report such a case in a 22-year-old woman who had multiple pigmented skin lesions since birth. Rapidly growing masses were recently detected in the 19 cm-sized occipital pigmented lesion. Removed scalp lesion revealed yellowish white lobulated soft nodules in the background of pigmented nevus. Microscopically, the nodules consisted of epithelioid cells with prominent nucleoli, and pleomorphic cells including signetring cells. These cells seldom contained melanin pigment. There were metastatic aggregates of tumor cells in the cervical lymph node, which were reminiscent of germinal centers of lymph nodes. S-100 protein immunostaining was helpful to distinguish them. Incidentally, focally scattered pigmented spindle cells were seen in the capsule of a lymph node
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of structured information provided on self care knowledge, self care performance, and functional status. METHOD: The data were collected using self care knowledge and performance assessment tool, and functional status assessment tool from both group hospitalized patients at D hospital in Busan. RESULTS: There was a significant improvement(p=.032) in self care knowledge in experimental group compared to the control group. But there were not improvement in self care performance and functional status in experimental group compared to the control group. But comparing to pretest and posttest in experimental group, There were significant improvement in self care performance (p=.003) and functional status(p=.013). CONCLUSION: Structured information provided showed increased in the degree of knowledge, self care performance, and functional status. But the effect size of program which had been developed in this study was estimated small, so there is needed to modify this program and to research repeatedly.
Busan ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis* ; Liver* ; Self Care*

This study investigates the mediating effect of patient safety culture on the relationship between professionalism, self-leadership, and compliance with infection prevention activity against emerging respiratory infectious diseases among nurses working in geriatric long-term care hospitals. Methods: In total, 136 nurses from eight geriatric long-term care hospitals were invited to participate. For the statistical analyses, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analyses were employed. The mediating effect was analyzed using the three-step mediation procedure of Baron and Kenny in hierarchical regression, and the significance of the mediating effect was tested using the Sobel test. Results: Patient safety culture had a full mediating effect on the relationship between professionalism and compliance with infection prevention activity (Z=3.14, p=.001) and a full mediating effect on the relationship between self-leadership and compliance with infection prevention activity (Z=3.37, p<.001). Conclusion: The study findings indicate that a higher patient safety culture within the organization further enhances compliance with infection prevention activity. Therefore, it is crucial to develop strategies to enhance nurses’ professionalism and self-leadership, as well as to improve organizational patient safety culture for the infection control in geriatric long-term care hospitals.

25 Patients were received major spinal surgeries at main operating theater of Kangnam General Hospital from May 1990 to December 1990 by using the Haemonetics cell saver which was employed as an intraoperative blood salvage and autologous blood transfuser. The products of washed red blood cells were an average of 1490 cc packed RBC per case. Under the Light Microscopy, Washed RBC disclosed the morphologies of normal RBC size and shape. Fragmented RBCs or cell debris were not found and in one case agglutinated and denaturated RBCs were seen. While 20 patients were received spinal surgery prior to the utilization of cell saver, an average of 7.85 units of banked whole blood was transfused compared with 5.55 units in the cases of using the cell saver (p<0.05). Homologous banked blood utilization during spinal surgery declined more than 30% with the use of the cell saver. There was no evidence of infection, renal and/or hepatic failure related to the use of the cell saver. Haemonetics cell saver appeared to be safe, efficient and more over in some instanes life saving.
Erythrocytes ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Liver Failure ; Microscopy ; Operative Blood Salvage*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical result and complications of scleral fixation of foldable intraocular lenses. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 17 patients who had undergone scleral fixation of acrylic three-piece foldable intraocular lens. RESULTS: Uncorrected visual acuity were improved in all eyes with time. Postoperative best corrected visual acuity were better than preoperative best corrected visual acuity in 14 eyes from 1.18+/-0.84 to 0.26 +/-0.25 in logMAR visual acuity. Estimated refractive error were 0.01+/-0.34 diopter in spherical equivalent preoperatively and .0.59+/-1.00 diopter postoperatively (p=0.02, paired t-test). The corneal astigmatic changes (dK) of mild against-the-rule astigmatism decreased as time passed. There was no intraoperative bleeding. There were postoperative complications such as increased intraocular pressure in 2 eyes, corneal epithelial defect in 1 eye. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of scleral fixation, by using acrylic foldable intraocular lens through small incision, we were able to reduce corneal astigmatism and complications due to large incision and therefore, improve visual acuity instantly.
Astigmatism ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Medical Records ; Postoperative Complications ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: Hyperlipidemia is the one of the major risk factors causing the atherosclerosis of coronary arteries. Treatment of hyperlipidemia with drugs has been confirmed the effects of therapy showing a decreased incidence of coronary artery disease. Pravastatin is one of the new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and we studied the short-term hypolipidemic effects and safety of pravastatin in patients with hyperlipidemia. METHODS: We studied 31 patients(7 males and 24 females ; range of age, 36-67 years) for 12 weeks whose plasma levels of total cholesterol were higher than 250mg% after one month period of diet therapy. Pravastatin was administered 10mg/day and measured lipid profiles at 4 week interval. RESULTS: Pravastatin reduced the plasma total cholesterol from 286.2mg% to 212.3mg% (25.9%), the LDL-cholesterol from 204.2mg% to 143.6mg% (29.7%), the triglyceride from 226.0mg% to 161.4mg% (28.6%) after 12 weeks treatment. The HDL-cholesterol increased from 25.8mg% to 46.4mg% (20.5%) after pravastatin therapy. These changes were disclosed all statistically significant compared to baseline levels(p<0.01). The clinical and laboratory examinations before and after pravastatin treatment showed no particular abnormal findings. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that short-term pravastatin therapy in patients with hyperlipidemia seems to be very effective and safe.
Atherosclerosis ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Vessels ; Diet Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; Hyperlipidemias* ; Incidence ; Male ; Plasma ; Pravastatin* ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological index, anxiety and depression by the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. METHODS: This research was conducted from the 4th to the 27th of May in 2016 on112 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The data were analyzed using a chi-square test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. RESULTS: The results demonstrated a difference depending on the dysuria period of each lower urinary tract symptom, marital status, occupation and perceived health state of the patient. The physiological index by lower urinary tract symptoms showed a difference in the maximum flow rate, amount of post-void residual urine and Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), and anxiety and depression factors also revealed a difference. Lower urinary tract symptoms showed a positive correlation to the amount of post voided residual urine and PSA, a negative correlation to the maximum flow rate and also indicated a positive correlation to depression. CONCLUSION: The results of the study belonging to the moderate and severe categories were high when the result was based on the categorization of subjects with benign prostatic hyperplasia with lower urinary tract symptoms. Considering that depression levels increase as the symptom intensifies and the anxiety score is also high with mild symptoms, psychological support intervention is needed when a pattern of benign prostatic hyperplasia appears.
Anxiety* ; Depression* ; Dysuria ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms* ; Marital Status ; Occupations ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Urinary Tract

A choroid detachment occurs most commonly after surgical operation for cataract, glaucoma, and retinal detachment. It is fairly characteristic for postoperative choroidal edema to be accompanied by hypotonia and a shallow anterior chamber. We have recently experienced 3 cases of choroid detachment after cataract operation, and acase of choroid detachment combined with retinal detachment after trabeculectomy. They were also accompanied by hypotonia and shallow anterior chamber, but had not would leakage. Among 4 cases, a case of choroid detachment was performed suprachoroidal tapping, the remaining were treated with prednisolone, cycloplegics, and pressure dressing. They were not of consequence and subsided without being noticed. A brief review of relating literatures was described.
Anterior Chamber ; Bandages ; Cataract ; Choroid* ; Edema ; Glaucoma ; Muscle Hypotonia ; Mydriatics ; Prednisolone ; Retinal Detachment ; Trabeculectomy

BACKGROUND: Following the improvement of the economic status and increasing medical availability, the interest for the public health and nutrition in elderly is increasing in Korea. It is well known that aging is associated with the deterioration of nutritional status, but in Korea, there were no clear data about that yet. PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify the normal distribution of the nutritional indices such as biochemical and anthropometric variables, showing the association between nutritional risk factor and aging. METHODS: Among 151,000 subjects over 40 year olds in Jung-Up County, Korea, 1051 were selected for a random cluster sample. After the blood tests and anthropometric measurements were performed during Dec 1996 to Feb 1997. RESULTS: Of the 1051 subjects(M:F=410:641), 340 were over 65 years(elderly) at the enroll time, while 711 were between 40 to 65 years(middle aged). Triceps skin fold thickness(TSF), body mass index(BMI), hematocrit(Hct) serum protein and albumin showed a weak negative correlation with age, whereas not in the case of the waisthip ratio(WHR), leucocytes, serum cholesterol and creatinine. Compared with middle aged with elderiy, TSF, BMI, albumin showed a significant differences(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We showed the normal distribution of the variable nutritional indices and their changes associated with aging in the ambulatory elderly Korean living in the rural community. It needs further follow-up study including association with mortality.
Adult ; Aged* ; Aging ; Cholesterol ; Creatinine ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Nutrition Assessment ; Nutritional Status ; Public Health ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Skin