A case of pathological hip dislocation in a child, aged 2 years 6 months, who had surgical treatment, is reported. The boy has history of osteomyelitis of right ilium at age of 10 month, which ended up with the right hip dislocation. Postoperatively cephalocotyloid relation of the right hip was very well reestablished during five years of postoperative observation. Through this case, it is reconfirmed that a child hip has a natural remodelling power even in case of hip joint destruction.
Child ; Dislocations ; Hip Dislocation ; Hip Joint ; Hip ; Humans ; Ilium ; Male ; Osteomyelitis

For the nonunion of humeral shaft, there have been many methods of treatment. We are aimed to analyse the causes of nonunion of humeral shaft fracture and present the direction of treatment. We reviewed total 21 cases which were diagnosed as delayed or nonunion of humeral shaft and analysed the causes. l. Initial method of treatment was surgical in 19 out of 21 cases. Among these 19 cases, 14 cases were operated with internal fixation with plate and screw. 2. The most common cause of nonunion was inadequate internal fixation in 26 cases(81%) in which were unstable fixation in 13 cases, choice of inadequate internal fixator in 11 cases, and failure of operative technique in 2 cases. Other causes were distraction between fracture fragments in 4 cases(13%) and open comminuted fracture in 2 cases. 3. Eighteen cases of established nonunion due to inadequate internal fixation were treated by rigid fixation with longer and broader plate and bone graft, and 1 case interlocking IM nailing, 1 case Ender nailing and 1 case bone graft only. 4. Union was obtained in all cases at least in 5 months. And there were no specific complications. In conclusion, surgeons should contemplate the operative indication and principles in primary treatment. In treatment of nonunion, surgeons should treat by more longer and broder internal fixator and additional bone graft.
Fractures, Comminuted ; Humerus ; Internal Fixators ; Methods ; Surgeons ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To investigate the level of depression and self management behavior in patients with diabetes. METHOD: From May to August 2004, 124 diabetic patients 18 years or older were surveyed using the Korean version of the BDI, the self-management scale by Toobert(2000) and hospital lab data for HbAl, FBS and Blood Sugar-2hr. RESULTS: 1. Mean score on the BDI for the patients was 10.85 points. The score on the BDI was significantly higher in hyperglycemic patients than in normoglycemic patients. 2. The level of self management for the past week showed care on an average of 4.2 days. According to level of depression, patients in the normal group and patients in the mild group had significantly higher levels of self management than those in the moderate group. 3. According to level of depression, patients in the normal group had significantly lower levels of blood glucose than those in the moderate group, and for HbAlc and FBS those in the mild group had lower levels compared to those in the moderate group. 4. The factors significantly associated with level of self management were depression (25.66%) and duration of illness. CONCLUSION: Programs should be developed to combat depression in patients with diabetes in order to increase compliance through self care management and thus increase of blood glucose levels.
Blood Glucose ; Compliance ; Depression* ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Humans ; Self Care*

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the degree of self-care, family support and depression, and relationship among these variables for elder with diabetes mellitus. METHOD: Participants were 202 diabetic patients, 65 years or over, living in Seoul, Korea. Data were collected using the self-care tool for diabetic patients by Kim (1996), the family support tool for diabetic patients by Park (1984), and Korea\' s BDI scale by Lee (1995). RESULTS: Of the patients, 43.1% showed HbA1c levels than higher 7%. The highest mean score was for self-care for medication compliance, and the lowest for blood glucose testing compliance. Factors affecting self-care were employment, education, HbA1c level, diabetic self-care education and complications. Factors affecting family support were living with family, diabetic self-care education, hospitalization and complications. Factors affecting depression were gender, living with family and complications. All of these factors were significant. Patients experiencing depression were 16.8% of patients. There was a significant positive correlation between self-care and family support, and significant negative correlations between self-care and depression, and family support and depression. CONCLUSION: For more effective management of diabetes mellitus in elders, improvement in self-care compliance, and family support are needed
Aged ; Blood Glucose ; Compliance ; Depression ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Employment ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Korea ; Medication Adherence ; Self Care

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical features of infectious keratitis in the western coastal area of Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. METHODS: We performed bacterial and fungal cultures in patients with findings of infectious keratitis. Any correlations between the culture results and the patients' place of residence, occupation, types of ocular trauma, contact lens wear, previous ocular disease, duration of treatment for complete recovery, time between the onset of symptom and beginning of treatment were evaluated. In addition, we assessed the antibiotic susceptibilities of the cultured organisms. RESULTS: We detected 34 (58.62%) among 58 cultures performed in 55 patients that were positive for organisms; 24 for Gram-positive bacteria, 17 for Gram-negative bacteria, 3 for fungi and 9 for polymicrobial infections. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) was the most frequent infection. The culture positivity rate was significantly higher (P=0.047) in patients with history of previous ocular disease but no correlations were detected with place of residence, type of ocular trauma or the timing of culture. The average treatment period was 33.95+/-30.59 days, which extended as the lesion size increased (P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Pseudomonas species are considered to be the most frequent cause of infectious keratitis in Korea. However, in our study, CNS were the most frequent culture-positive organisms and visual prognosis was poorer in the culture-positive group.
Coinfection ; Fungi ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Keratitis ; Korea ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Occupations ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Prognosis ; Pseudomonas

The aim of this study was to investigate the perception of students, their parents, and nutrition teachers regarding environment-friendly foods (EFF) and the satisfaction with school meals at elementary schools. Questionnaires were sent to nutrition teachers at five elementary schools located in the Jindo area, Jeonnam province, and were distributed to students and their parents. A total of 351 questionnaires from students and 334 from parents were collected from March to April, 2013. In addition, 43 nutrition teachers/dietitians working at elementary schools in the Jindo area responded to questionnaires. Nutrition teachers primarily recognized the classification and certification standards of EFF, and verified the certification mark of EFF when they purchased foods. However, 13.4% of students and 38.6% of parents replied as 'know well' regarding the classification and certification standards of EFF and they verified the mark of EFF less often than the nutrition teachers (p < 0.001). Most of the nutrition teachers and parents indicated 'safety' as the main advantage of EFF. The students and parents were satisfied with EFF at home and school meals because of the safety and favorable effect on health. The results showed that EFF compromised 20~40% of monthly food costs for 51.1% of nutrition teachers. The overall score for satisfaction with school meals for students was 3.88 based on a 5-point Likert scale; however, that of the parents was 3.72. The nutrition teachers realized that the parents were more interested in EFF and satisfied with EFF than the students. The major barriers to using EFF in school meals were 'lack of information about EFF' and 'unstable supply.' Therefore, the above results suggested that there should be improvement in the supply of EFF to include more EFF in school meals and efforts should be made to provide students and parents with more information for understanding EFF.
Certification ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; Meals ; Nitro Compounds ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Breech Presentation* ; Female ; Fetus* ; Pregnancy

The glomus tumor is a distinct neoplasm composed of modified perivascular smooth-muscle cells identical to those described in the glomus body. Malignant glomus tumor, also referred to as glomangiosarcoma, is exceedingly rare. It has been subdivided into locally infiltrative glomus tumor, glomangiosarcoma arising in a benign glomus tumor, and glomangiosarcoma arising in de novo. A few cases of malignant glomus tumor arising in a benign glomus tumor have been reported. A 55-year-old man underwent resection of a solitary nodule in the right shoulder area. The tumor was biphasic with a typical benign glomus tumor at the periphery and the central sarcomatous area composed of oval to elongated pleomorphic cells with a single prominent nucleolus and occasional mitotic figures. Both tumor components showed intense staining for vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and muscle specific actin. Herein, we report a case of a malignant glomus tumor arising in a benign glomus tumor with an immunohistochemical study and a review of literatures.
Actins ; Glomus Tumor* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Smooth ; Shoulder ; Vimentin

No abstract available.
Pheochromocytoma* ; Pregnancy*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to find the protective effects of garlic on the halogenated hydrocarbon induced hepatotoxicities, and the possible protection mechanisms involved. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats received garlic (0.5 %) or regular diet, for 4 weeks. This was followed by a single dose of corn oil (the controls), carbon tetrachloride (400mg/kg body weight) and trichloroethylene (2,000mg/kg body weight) being administered to each diet group. Blood samples were collected 24 hours following the administration, and the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities measured. The liver samples were studied for their cytochrome P450 and CYP2E1 contents, lipid peroxidation and histopathology. RESULTS: The results for the group receiving the 0.5 % garlic diet showed a slight decrease of CYP2E1 expression compared with the regular diet group. Carbon tetrachloride was significantly decreased the CYP2E1 contents in both the regular and garlic diet groups, but the trichloroethylene remained unchanged. Garlic did not decrease the lipid peroxidation of the liver in the control group, but attenuated the increase of lipid peroxidation caused by carbon tetrachloride. Garlic attenuated the increase of both the serum AST and ALT activities caused by carbon tetrachloride. The histopathological observations also showed that garlic attenuated centrilobular necrosis and vacuolar degenerative changes significantly in the carbon tetrachloride treated group. Conclusions : The results indicate that garlic attenuates the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity, through the prevention of the metabolic activation and lipid peroxidation.
Alanine Transaminase ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Biotransformation ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; Carbon* ; Corn Oil ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; Diet ; Garlic* ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Liver ; Male ; Necrosis ; Protective Agents ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Trichloroethylene