Purpose: This study conducted a concept analysis of rejection sensitivity using the Walker and Avant method, to clarify its defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences. So, this contributes to a deeper understanding of its role in interpersonal relationships. Methods: Walker and Avant’s framework, this concept analysis included a thorough literature review across multiple disciplines. The literature was extracted from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and RISS. Results: Rejection sensitivity is a psychological construct encompassing several attributes, including rejection expectation, perception of rejection, and reaction to perceived rejection. This trait is influenced by various antecedents, including early life experiences, attachment style, and cultural factors. The consequences or events associated with rejection sensitivity span multiple domains and can significantly affect an individual’s life. Conclusion According to interpersonal psychology and attachment theory, problem behavior in adolescents is a state of unsatisfied affection for parents and a response to feelings of unacceptance. Rejection sensitivity is particularly important in the Korean culture because of cultural factors.

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: This paper aims to demonstrate current health expenditure (CHE) and National Health Accounts of the years 2015 constructed according to the SHA2011, which is a new manual of System of Health Accounts (SHA) that was published jointly by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Eurostat, and World Health Organization in 2011. Comparison is made with international trends by collecting and analysing health accounts of OECD member countries. Particularly, financing public- private mix is parsed in depth using SHA data of both HF as financing schemes as well as FS (financing source) as their revenue types. METHODS: Data sources such as Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service's publications of both motor insurance and drugs are newly used to construct the 2015 National Health Accounts. In the case of private financing, an estimation of total expenditures for revenues by provider groups is made from the Economic Census data; and the household income and expenditure survey, Korean healthcare panel study, etc. are used to allocate those totals into functional classifications. RESULTS: CHE was 115.2 trillion won in 2015, which accounts for 7.4 percent of Korea's gross domestic product. It was a big increase of 9.3 trillion won, 8.8 percent, from the previous year. Government and compulsory schemes's share (or public share) of 56.4% of the CHE in 2015 was much lower than the OECD average of 72.6%. ‘Transfers from government domestic revenue’ share of total revenue of HF was 17.8% in Korea, lower than the other contribution-based countries. When it comes to ‘compulsory contributory health financing schemes,’‘Transfers from government domestic revenue’ share of 14.9% was again much lower compared to Japan (44.7%) and Belgium (34.8%) as contribution-based countries. CONCLUSION: Considering relatively lower public financing share in the inpatient care as well as overall low public financing share of total CHE, priorities in health insurance coverage need to be repositioned among inpatient care, outpatient care and drugs.
Ambulatory Care ; Belgium ; Censuses ; Classification ; Delivery of Health Care ; Family Characteristics ; Financing, Government ; Gross Domestic Product ; Health Expenditures* ; Healthcare Financing ; Humans ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; Inpatients ; Insurance ; Insurance, Health ; Japan ; Korea* ; Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development ; World Health Organization

BACKGROUND: This paper aims to demonstrate current health expenditure (CHE) and National Health Accounts of the years 2015 constructed according to the SHA2011, which is a new manual of System of Health Accounts (SHA) that was published jointly by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Eurostat, and World Health Organization in 2011. Comparison is made with international trends by collecting and analysing health accounts of OECD member countries. Particularly, financing public- private mix is parsed in depth using SHA data of both HF as financing schemes as well as FS (financing source) as their revenue types. METHODS: Data sources such as Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service's publications of both motor insurance and drugs are newly used to construct the 2015 National Health Accounts. In the case of private financing, an estimation of total expenditures for revenues by provider groups is made from the Economic Census data; and the household income and expenditure survey, Korean healthcare panel study, etc. are used to allocate those totals into functional classifications. RESULTS: CHE was 115.2 trillion won in 2015, which accounts for 7.4 percent of Korea's gross domestic product. It was a big increase of 9.3 trillion won, 8.8 percent, from the previous year. Government and compulsory schemes's share (or public share) of 56.4% of the CHE in 2015 was much lower than the OECD average of 72.6%. ‘Transfers from government domestic revenue’ share of total revenue of HF was 17.8% in Korea, lower than the other contribution-based countries. When it comes to ‘compulsory contributory health financing schemes,’‘Transfers from government domestic revenue’ share of 14.9% was again much lower compared to Japan (44.7%) and Belgium (34.8%) as contribution-based countries. CONCLUSION: Considering relatively lower public financing share in the inpatient care as well as overall low public financing share of total CHE, priorities in health insurance coverage need to be repositioned among inpatient care, outpatient care and drugs.
Ambulatory Care ; Belgium ; Censuses ; Classification ; Delivery of Health Care ; Family Characteristics ; Financing, Government ; Gross Domestic Product ; Health Expenditures* ; Healthcare Financing ; Humans ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; Inpatients ; Insurance ; Insurance, Health ; Japan ; Korea* ; Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development ; World Health Organization

A new manual of System of Health Accounts (SHA) 2011, was published jointly by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Eurostat, and World Health Organization in 2011. This offers more complete coverage than the previous version, SHA 1.0, within the functional classification in areas such as prevention and a precise approach for tracking financing in the health care sector using the new classification of financing schemes. This paper aims to demonstrate current health expenditure (CHE) and National Health Accounts of the years 1970-2014 constructed according to the SHA2011. Data sources for public financing include budget and settlement documents of the government, various statistics from the National Health Insurance, and others. In the case of private financing, an estimation of total revenue by provider groups is made from the Economic Census data and the household income and expenditure survey, Korean healthcare panel study, etc. are used to allocate those totals into functional classifications. CHE was 105 trillion won in 2014, which accounts for 7.1% of Korea's gross domestic product. It was a big increase of 7.7 trillion won, 7.9%, from the previous year. Public share (government and compulsory schemes) accounting for 56.5% of the CHE in 2014 was still much lower than the OECD average of about 73%. With these estimates, it is possible to compare health expenditures of Korea and other countries better. Awareness and appreciation of the need and gains from applying SHA2011 for the health expenditure classification are expected to increase as OECD health expenditure figures get more frequently quoted among health policy makers.
Budgets ; Censuses ; Classification ; Delivery of Health Care ; Family Characteristics ; Financing, Government ; Gross Domestic Product ; Health Care Sector ; Health Expenditures* ; Health Policy ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; Korea* ; National Health Programs ; Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development ; World Health Organization

No abstract available.
Cellulitis* ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact*

This paper introduces statistics related to the size and composition of Korea's total health expenditure. The figures produced were tailored to the OECD's system of health accounts. Korea's total health expenditure in 2009 was estimated at 73.7 trillion won (US$ 57.7 billion). The annual per capita health expenditure was equivalent to US$ PPP 1,879. Korea's total health expenditure as a share of gross domestic product was 6.9% in 2009, far below the OECD average of 9.5%. Korea's public financing share of total health expenditure increased rapidly from less than 50% before 2000 to 58.2% in 2009. However, despite this growth, Korea's share remained the fourth lowest among OECD countries that had an average public share of 71.5%. Inpatient, outpatient, and pharmaceutical care accounted for 32.1%, 33.0%, and 23.7% of current health expenditure in 2009, respectively. A total of 41.1% of current health expenditure went to hospitals, 28.1% to providers of ambulatory healthcare (15.9% on doctor's clinics), and 17.9% to pharmacies. More investment in the translation of national health account data into policy-relevant information is suggested for future progress.
Delivery of Health Care/economics/*trends ; Health Expenditures/statistics & numerical data/*trends ; Humans ; Republic of Korea

No abstract available.
Female ; Fetal Heart* ; Hearing* ; Heart Rate, Fetal* ; Pregnancy

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of exercise program on knowledge and attitude of excercise, and depression in low-income elderly women. METHOD: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 26 in the experimental group and 22 in the control group among 46 low-income women over age 65. The independent variable is the exercise program, and the dependent variables are knowledge and attitude of excercise and depression. The exercise program was performed for 45-50 minutes, twice a week for 8 weeks. Data was collected from March. 12. to May. 8. 2004. RESULT: Participants were given a pre-test and post-test for the selected variables. The experimental group reported significant improvements in their knowledge and attitude of excercise and depression scores compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the exercise program had the potential to manage low-income elderly women's health promotion. Furthermore, the exercise program can enhance life satisfaction in low-income elderly women.
*Poverty ; Korea ; Humans ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Female ; *Exercise Therapy ; Depressive Disorder/*therapy ; Aged

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the relationship among Depression, Stress, and Social support in Korean Adult Women. METHOD: The subjects of this study consisted of 2,503 Korean Adult Women from 20 to 64years. The data was collected through personal interviews from March to May of 2001 using questionnaires. The data was analyzed by the SPSS(ver.10.0) computer program, and it included descriptive statistics, t-test, one way ANOVA, the pearson correlation coefficient, and Stepwise multiple regression. RESULT: The level of depression, stress, and social support were 16.22 for depression, 27.43 for stress, and 87.48 for social support. There was a significant difference in social support according to residence area, age, level of education, marital status, type of family, religion, income, and job. There was a significant positive correlation between stress and depression, a significant negative correlation between stress and social support, and social support and depression. Stress and social support were significant predictors (29.6%) of depression. CONCLUSION: This study showed that thorough nursing assessment of variables related to social support is needed for development of nursing intervention strategies. Further studies need to be conducted for group comparisons according to the life cycle of Korean women.
Adult ; Depression/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; *Social Support ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Stress, Psychological/*complications