No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritonitis*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome*

The purpose of this study was to explore the change of muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility and activities of daily living to develop a rehabilitational program. The subjects were selected randomly among the patients who underwent kidney transplantations at one major transplantation hospital in Seoul, Korea. This study was carried out between November 23, 1999 and February 15, 2000. The subjects in this study consisted of 16 patients who had kidney transplantations between 1 month and 12 months ago prior to this study. They were all on steroids and did not take any physical exercise regularly. The muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility and activities of daily living were evaluated at 1st week and after 12 weeks. The data were analyzed with numbers, percentiles, mean, standard deviation and t-test. The results were as follows: 1. After 12 weeks, the grip strength was significantly decreased than 1st week (p=.0002). 2. After 12 weeks, the back lift strength was significantly decreased than 1st week (p=.0002). 3. After 12 weeks, the muscle endurance was increased than 1st week, but it was not significant(p=.5487). After 12 weeks, the flexibility was significantly decreased than 1st week (p=.0002). 5. After 12 weeks, the activities of daily living was significantly decreased than 1st week (p=.0006). Like the above result, the kidney transplant receipients' muscle strength, flexibility and activities of daily living were reduced. In order to solve this problem, the writer has found that program development to prevent the defects should be extremely required. Since now on the number of patients should expand. After the kidney transplantation, the periods of 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks are extended. The writer proposes to examine the different phase of change in each periods.
Activities of Daily Living* ; Exercise ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Kidney* ; Korea ; Muscle Strength* ; Pliability* ; Program Development ; Seoul ; Steroids ; Transplantation*

Ganglia are ubiquitous but periosteal ganglion is rare. This case is presented showing an unusual radiological picture. The radiological picture with honey combed appearance is striking. Previaus reports have stressed the concavity in the cortex. Histologically the structure is identical to that of soft tissue ganglia.
Animals ; Comb and Wattles ; Ganglia ; Ganglion Cysts ; Honey ; Strikes, Employee

No abstract available.
Child ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory*

No abstract available.
Child ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory*

OBJECTIVES: Autobiographical memory (ABM) is a special type of episodic memory, containing events that have occurred in a personal life. Overgeneral tendency of ABM refers to the retrieval of memory with only general and categorical descriptions rather than specific events. ABM specificity in depression and posttraumatic stress disorder is a robust finding with relation to cognitive vulnerability, affect regulation, problem-solving ability. It is also implicated in bipolar disorder with frequent relapses. In this study, we investigated whether ABM specificity was related to manic or euthymic mood states in patients with bipolar disorder. METHODS: Forty bipolar patients with manic and euthymic episodes and 25 healthy controls participated in this study. Prompted by 5 positively and 5 negatively valenced emotional cue words, each participant was instructed to recall positive or negative memories and describe them in detail. The one-way ANOVA was used to compare ABM scores and post-hoc analyses were done. RESULTS: Comapred to the healthy persons, the bipolar patients reported significantly more general than specific negative memories in both manic and euthymic episodes (p = 0.003). However, there was no significant difference between manic and euthymic patients (p = 0.074). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that overgeneral tendency of negative ABM may be a trait abnormality in bipolar disorder. Moreover, this phenomenon might be related to underlying cognitive deficits or affect regulation irrespective of the mood state.
Bipolar Disorder ; Cues ; Depression ; Humans ; Memory ; Memory, Episodic ; Recurrence ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

BACKGROUNDS AND OBJECTIVES: The direction of caloric nystagmus depends on the head position as long as vestibular function is remaining but the it does not depend on head position change in the lateral semicircular canal (SCC) plugged ear, which is attributed to thermoconvection in the lateral SCC. So determination of head position dependency using ice water test is recommended in the evaluation of peripheral vestibulopathy in which dead labyrinth is suspected. Since ice water test in prone position is frequently skipped and neglected in many vestibular laboratories, we investigated the importance and necessity of evaluating head position dependency for the candidates of ice water test and estimated the amount of head position non-dependent component in discussion. MATERIALS AND METHOD: From January through September 2003, 25 patients, who showed no nystagmus during warm irrigation, were included in this study. Following forty milliliter of ice water irrigation in supine & prone position, the maximum slow phase eye velocity (SPEV) and direction of nystagmus were assessed using video nystagmography system. RESULT: Eleven cases showed head-position dependency and were interpreted as hypofunction of lateral SCC. Fourteen cases did not show head position dependency suggesting the absence of end organ function. However, in the latter group, 6 patients, who showed definite nystagmus to ice water irrigation in supine position, can be midinterpreted as hypofunction if ice water test in prone position is not performed. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of head position dependency in ice water irrigation is an important procedure in the determination of lateral SCC function and can provide valuable information when vestibular ablative procedures are considered.
Caloric Tests ; Convection ; Ear ; Ear, Inner ; Head* ; Humans ; Ice* ; Nystagmus, Physiologic ; Prone Position ; Semicircular Canals ; Supine Position ; Water*

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop a prediction model for future smoking intention among Korean adolescents aged 13 to 15 in order to identify the high risk group exposed to future smoking. METHODS: The data was collected from a total of 5940 students who participated in a self-administrated questionnaire of a cross-sectional school-based survey, the 2004 Korea Global Youth Tobacco Survey. Chi-square tests and logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify the relevant determinants associated with intentions of adolescents' future smoking. Receiver Operation Characteristic (ROC) assessment was applied to evaluate the explanation level of the developed prediction model. RESULTS: 8.4% of male and 7.2% of female participants show their intentions of future smoking. Among non-smoking adolescents; who have past smoking experience [odds ratio (OR) 2.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.92 - 3.88]; who have intentions of smoking when close friends offer a cigarette (OR 31.47; 95% CI = 21.50 - 46.05); and who have friends that are mostly smokers (OR 5.27; 95% CI = 2.85 - 9.74) are more likely to be smokers in the future. The prediction model developed from this study consists of five determinants; past smoking experience; parents smoking status; friends smoking status; ownership of a product with a cigarette brand logo; and intentions of smoking from close friends' cigarette offer. The area under the ROC curve was 0.8744 (95% CI=0.85 - 0.90) for current non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: For efficiency, school-based smoking prevention programs need to be designed to target the high risk group exposed to future smoking through the prediction model developed by the study, instead of implementing the programs for all the students.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior/*psychology ; Female ; Humans ; *Intention ; Male ; Mass Media/statistics & numerical data ; *Models, Statistical ; Parents ; Peer Group ; ROC Curve ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data ; Sex Factors ; Smoking/*psychology

BACKGROUND: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinases (AMPKs), as a sensor of cellular energy status, have been known to play an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes and its complications. Because AMPKs are known to be expressed in podocytes, it is possible that podocyte AMPKs could be an important contributing factor in the development of diabetic proteinuria. We investigated the roles of AMPKs in the pathological changes in podocytes induced by high-glucose (HG) and advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) in diabetic proteinuria. METHODS: We prepared streptozotocin-induced diabetic renal tissues and cultured rat and mouse podocytes under diabetic conditions with AMPK-modulating agents. The changes in AMPKalpha were analyzed with confocal imaging and Western blotting under the following conditions: (1) normal glucose (5mM, =control); (2) HG (30mM); (3) AGE-added; or (4) HG plus AGE-added. RESULTS: The density of glomerularphospho-AMPKalpha in experimental diabetic nephropathy decreased as a function of the diabetic duration. Diabetic conditions including HG and AGE changed the localization of phospho-AMPKalpha from peripheral cytoplasm to internal cytoplasm and peri- and intranuclear areas in podocytes. HG reduced the AMPKalpha (Thr172) phosphorylation of rat podocytes, and similarly, AGEs reduced the AMPKalpha (Thr172) phosphorylation of mouse podocytes. The distributional and quantitative changes in phospho-AMPKalpha caused by diabetic conditions were preventable using AMPK activators, metformin, and 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1beta-riboside. CONCLUSION: We suggest that diabetic conditions induce the relocation and suppression of podocyte AMPKalpha, which would be a suggestive mechanism in diabetic podocyte injury.
Adenosine* ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cytoplasm ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Glucose ; Glycosylation End Products, Advanced ; Metformin ; Mice ; Natural Resources ; Phosphorylation ; Podocytes* ; Protein Kinases* ; Proteinuria ; Rats