1.Effect of Glycyrrhizin on Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Leukocyte Responses.
Kang Ju KIM ; Seon Il JANG ; Matthews J MARSDEN ; Christopher J SECOMBES ; Min Sun CHOI ; Young Gill KIM ; Hun Tack CHUNG
Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology 1998;33(3):263-271
Treatment of rainbow trout macrophages with glycyrrhizin (GL), an aqueous extract of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), enhanced their respiratory burst activity. Maximal effects were seen using concentrations of 10-100 ug/ml. GL also modulated trout lymphocytes, increasing proliferation responses to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin two-fold over a range of GL concentrations. In addition, GL elicited the release of a macrophage activating factor (MAF) kom head kidney leukocytes, as assessed by the ability of generated supernatants to increase respiratory burst activity of target macrophages. MAF activity was most apparent using 100 ug/ml GL to induce MAF release and a 48 h incubation period with the target macrophages. Finally, GL was shown to enhance the release oF MAF in response to the mitogen concanavalin A. The results suggest that GL might modulate the innate defences in fish.
Concanavalin A
;
Glycyrrhiza
;
Glycyrrhizic Acid*
;
Head Kidney
;
Leukocytes*
;
Lymphocytes
;
Macrophages
;
Oncorhynchus mykiss*
;
Oncorhynchus*
;
Respiratory Burst
;
Trout
2.Distant Metastases of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma after Definite Irradiation.
Eun Ji CHUNG ; Hyung Sik LEE ; Sun Rock MOON ; Gwi Eon KIM ; John J Kyo LOH
Journal of the Korean Society for Therapeutic Radiology 1991;9(1):65-72
One hundred and thirty five patients with carcinoma of the nasopharyx were treated by radiation therapy in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University between August 1977 and July 1987. Of the 30 patients omitted: 8 had distant metastases at initial diagnosis or during radiotherapy; 18 patients refused or did not received a full course of radiation therapy, and four had not been confirmed histologically. The remaining 105 patients were analyzed to determine the incidence and patter of distant metastases. Diagnosis of distant metastases was made based on clinical signs and radiography, even though histologic confirmation was not made. Twenty-six patients developed distant metastases after definite irradiation of nasopharyx and neck, an incidence rate of 24.8%. The common sites of distant metastases were, in descending order, bone, lung, liver, and brain. There was a strong correlation between Ho's N stage and distant metastases rate. But sex, age, histologic subtype (squamous cell and undifferentiated cell), AJC T and N stage, treatment modalities (radiotherapy alone and radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy) were not significant. Of those patients who developed distant metastases, 80.8% were discovered within 2 years of their radical radiotherapy. The prognosis for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients developing distant metastases was poor: median survival was nine months and 80% of those patients died within two years of the initial diagnosis of distant metastasis.
Brain
;
Diagnosis
;
Humans
;
Incidence
;
Liver
;
Lung
;
Neck
;
Neoplasm Metastasis*
;
Prognosis
;
Radiation Oncology
;
Radiography
;
Radiotherapy
3.Mutagenic and Anti-Mutagenic Properties of Meju and Other Korean Food Products from Fermented Soybeans.
Neville Sue RAPP ; Yong Chung SEONG ; Hye SHIN ; ln Sun HONG ; Jae Yeon JANG ; David J SEEL
Yonsei Medical Journal 1988;29(2):117-123
ln order to investigate the mutagenic activity of Meju, an important component of the Korean diet, both chemical techniques and the Ames test were used. To determine if antimutagenic activity is present in Meju and other soybean based foods, the Ames Test was done in the presence of aflatoxin B1, benzo(a)pyrene, and other mutagens. Although aflatoxin contamination was found in 6 of 43 samples of Meju tested, the amounts were less than 1 ppb in all but one. Meju had a protective effect against mutations produced by both aflatoxins and benzo(a)pyrene, both of which act via an epoxide, but not against other mutagens tested.
Aflatoxins/analysis/*toxicity
;
Fermentation
;
Food Contamination/*analysis
;
In Vitro
;
Korea
;
Mutagenicity Tests
;
*Mutation
;
Plant Extracts/toxicity
;
Soybeans/*toxicity
;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
4.Detection of Surgery-related Spinal Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage Using Magnetic Resonance Myelography.
Hyun Jung KOO ; Sang Joon KIM ; Sun J CHUNG ; Seung Chul RHIM
Journal of the Korean Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2013;17(2):149-153
Detection of cerebrospinal fluid leakage or exact localization of leakage site after spinal surgery is difficult on conventional imaging studies. We report two patients with surgery-related spinal CSF leakage detected on magnetic resonance (MR) myelography. They presented with severe headache after spinal surgeries, lumbar discectomy and excision of spinal meningioma, respectively. The sites of spinal CSF leakage in the patients were detected accurately on MR myelography, and the patients recovered from the postoperative CSF leakage after being treated with an epidural blood patch or reoperation. MR myelography may be effective in demonstrating the exact site of surgery-related spinal CSF leakage.
Blood Patch, Epidural
;
Diskectomy
;
Headache
;
Humans
;
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
;
Magnetics
;
Magnets
;
Meningioma
;
Myelography
;
Reoperation
5.The therapeutic efficacy of water-soluble coenzyme Q10 in an experimental model of tacrolimus-induced diabetes mellitus
Yi QUAN ; Kang LUO ; Sheng CUI ; Sun Woo LIM ; Yoo Jin SHIN ; Eun Jeong KO ; Ju Hwan KIM ; Sang J. CHUNG ; Soo Kyung BAE ; Byung Ha CHUNG ; Chul Woo YANG
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine 2020;35(6):1443-1456
Background/Aims:
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has antioxidant effects and is commercially available and marketed extensively. However, due to its low bioavailability, its effects are still controversial. We developed a water-soluble CoQ10-based micelle formulation (CoQ10-W) and tested it in an experimental model of tacrolimus (TAC)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM).
Methods:
We developed CoQ10-W from a glycyrrhizic-carnitine mixed layer CoQ10 micelle preparation based on acyltransferases. TAC-induced DM rats were treated with either lipid-soluble CoQ10 (CoQ10-L) or CoQ10-W for 4 weeks. Their plasma and pancreatic CoQ10 concentrations were measured using liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry. The therapeutic efficacies of CoQ10-W and CoQ10-L on TAC-induced DM were compared using functional and morphological parameters and their effects on cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were also evaluated in cultured rat insulinoma cells.
Results:
The plasma CoQ10 level was significantly increased in the CoQ10-W group compared to that in the CoQ10-L group. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion revealed that CoQ10-W controlled hyperglycemia and restored insulin secretion significantly better than CoQ10-L. The TAC-mediated decrease in pancreatic islet size was significantly attenuated by CoQ10-W but not by CoQ10-L. TAC-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis were significantly more reduced by CoQ10-W than CoQ10-L. Electron microscopy revealed that CoQ10-W restored TAC-induced attenuation in the number of insulin granules and the average mitochondrial area, unlike CoQ10-L. In vitro studies showed that CoQ10-L and CoQ10-W both improved cell viability and reduced ROS production in TAC-treated islet cells to a similar extent.
Conclusions
CoQ10-W has better therapeutic efficacy than CoQ10-L in TAC-induced DM.
6.Stereotactic Radiosurgery Utilizing a Linear Accelerator.
Sang Sup CHUNG ; Do Heum YOON ; Seong Hoon OH ; Sun Ho KIM ; Chang Ok SUH ; Sung Sil CHU ; John J K LOH ; Dong Ik KIM ; Jung Ho SUH
Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 1988;17(6):1343-1352
A Modified irradiation technique utilizing a linear accelerator for radiation surgery within the brain was performed in 4 patients. Three of them had brain tumors and one small arteriovenous malformation in midbrain. A Hitchcock stereotactic apparatus and a 10 MeV linear accelerator have been adapted and special computer programs for dosimetry were obtained and studied experimentally with a phantom model. Stereotactic radiosurgery is a valuable tool in the treatment of inoperable, deep seated intracranial lesions, the major advantage being high efficacy and smoothness of the procedure, as well as short hospitalization times.
Arteriovenous Malformations
;
Brain
;
Brain Neoplasms
;
Hospitalization
;
Humans
;
Mesencephalon
;
Particle Accelerators*
;
Radiosurgery*
7.Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Intracranial Tumors : Early Experience with Linear Accelerator.
Chang Ok SUH ; Sang Sup CHUNG ; Sung Sil CHU ; Young Soo KIM ; Do Heum YOON ; Sun Ho KIM ; John J Kyu LOH ; Gwi Eon KIM
Journal of the Korean Society for Therapeutic Radiology 1992;10(1):7-14
Between August 1988 and December 1991, 24 patients with intracranial tumors were treated with stereotactic radiosurgery(RS) using a 10 MV linear accelerator at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine. There were 5 meningiomas, 3 craniopharyngiomas, 9 glial tumors, 2 solitary metastases, 2 acoustic neurinomas, 2 pineal tumors, and 1 non-Hodgkin's Iymphoma. Ten patients were treated as primary treatment after diagnosis with stereotactic biopsy or neuroimaging study. Nine patients underwent RS for post-op. residual tumors and three patients as a salvage treatment for recurrence after external irradiation. Two patients received RS as a boost followed by fractionated conventional radiotherapy. Among sixteen patients who were followed more than 6 months with neuroimage, seven patients (2 meningiomas, 4 benign glial tumors, one non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) showed complete response on neuroimage after RS and nine patients showed decreased tumor size. There was no acute treatment related side reaction. Late complications include three patients with symptomatic peritumoral braid edema and one craniopharyngioma with optic chiasmal injury. Through this early experience, we conclude that stereotactically directed single high doses of irradiation to the small intracranial tumors is effective for tumor control. However, in order to define the role of radiosurgery in the management of intracranial tumors, we should get the long-term results available to demonstrate the benefits versus potential complications of this therapeutic modality.
Biopsy
;
Craniopharyngioma
;
Diagnosis
;
Edema
;
Humans
;
Meningioma
;
Neoplasm Metastasis
;
Neoplasm, Residual
;
Neuroimaging
;
Neuroma, Acoustic
;
Optic Chiasm
;
Particle Accelerators*
;
Pinealoma
;
Radiosurgery*
;
Radiotherapy
;
Recurrence
8.Wall-Eyed Monocular Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (WEMINO) with Contraversive Ocular Tilt Reaction.
Sang Beom JEON ; Sun J CHUNG ; Hyosook AHN ; Jae Hong LEE ; Jin Man JUNG ; Myoung C LEE
Journal of Clinical Neurology 2005;1(1):101-103
Wall-eyed monocular internuclear ophthalmoplegia (WEMINO) with contraversive ocular tilt reaction has not been previously reported. A 71-year-old woman suddenly developed blurred vision. Examination revealed left internuclear ophthalmoplegia, left exotropia, right hypotropia, and rightward head tilt. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a tiny infarction at the area of the left medial longitudinal fasciculus in the upper pons. WEMINO with contraversive ocular tilt reaction may be caused by a paramedian pontine tegmental infarction that selectively involves the medial longitudinal fasciculus.
Aged
;
Exotropia
;
Female
;
Head
;
Humans
;
Infarction
;
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
;
Ocular Motility Disorders*
;
Pons
9.Fenofibrate regulates obesity and lipid metabolism with sexual dimorphism.
Mi Chung YOON ; Sun Hyo JEONG ; Christopher J NICOL ; Hyung Hee LEE ; Mi Young HAN ; Jung Jae KIM ; Yun Jeong SEO ; Chil Yeol RYU ; Goo Taeg OH
Experimental & Molecular Medicine 2002;34(6):481-488
To determine whether the PPARalpha agonist fenofibrate regulates obesity and lipid metabolism with sexual dimorphism, we examined the effects of fenofibrate on body weight, white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, circulating lipids, and the expression of PPARalpha target genes in both sexes of high fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. Both sexes of mice fed a high-fat diet for 14 weeks exhibited increases in body weight, visceral WAT mass, as well as serum triglycerides and cholesterol, although these effects were more pronounced among males. Feeding a high fat diet supplemented with fenofibrate (0.05% w/w) reduced all of these effects significantly in males except serum cholesterol level. Females on a fenofibrate-enriched high fat diet had reduced serum triglyceride levels, albeit to a smaller extent compared to males, but did not exhibit decreases in body weight, WAT mass, and serum cholesterol. Fenofibrate treatment resulted in hepatic induction of PPAR alpha target genes encoding enzymes for fatty acid beta-oxidation, the magnitudes of which were much higher in males compared to females, as evidenced by results for acyl-CoA oxidase, a first enzyme of the beta-oxidation system. These results suggest that observed sexually dimorphic effects on body weight, WAT mass and serum lipids by fenofibrate may involve sexually related elements in the differential activation of PPARalpha.
Adipose Tissue/drug effects/metabolism
;
Animals
;
Body Composition/drug effects
;
Body Weight/drug effects
;
Diet
;
Dietary Fats/pharmacology
;
Female
;
Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
;
Lipids/blood/*metabolism
;
Liver/drug effects/metabolism
;
Male
;
Mice
;
Mice, Inbred C57BL
;
Obesity/*metabolism/pathology
;
Organ Weight/drug effects
;
Procetofen/*pharmacology
;
Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/*agonists
;
*Sex Characteristics
;
Time Factors
;
Transcription Factors/*agonists
10.The Heterogeneity of T2NO glottic Carcinoma Treated by Irradiation.
Hyung Sik LEE ; Sun Rock MOON ; Ki Jung AHN ; Eun Ji CHUNG ; Chang Ok SUH ; Gwi Eon KIM ; John J K LOH
Journal of the Korean Society for Therapeutic Radiology 1990;8(2):199-206
During a ten-year period from 1978 through 1987, 44 patients with T2NOMO glottic cancer were treated with radical radiation therapy at the Yonsei University Medical Center. Forty-two patients had a minimum follow-up of 3 years, and 81% had at least five years of follow-up. Patients were staged according to the AJCC system. Forty-two patients have been analyzed in detail with respect to two variables: the status of vocal cord mobility and the degree of local extension of the disease. Five-year local cord mobility (n=18), 69.1% versus patients with impaired vocal cord mobility (n=24), 43.4%(p<0.05); patients with subglottic extension (n=15). The most favorable prognostic group included the patients with normal mobility without subglottic extension (n=14), 83.1%. On the basis of this analysis, we confirmed the presence of heterogeneity in T2NOMO glottic cancer. This study indicates that further randomized controlled trials are warranted to evaluate individualized treatment according to its heterogeneity.
Academic Medical Centers
;
Follow-Up Studies
;
Humans
;
Population Characteristics*
;
Radiotherapy
;
Vocal Cords