No abstract available.

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate the relationship between depression, self-care activity and HbA1c in clients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) clients. METHOD: This was a cross sectional descriptive study and data were collected between October 4 and 27, 2006 using a questionnaire. The participants were inpatients and outpatients with type-2 diabetes being seen in one of two hospitals. The questionnaire included general as well as disease related characteristics, a depression scale (CES-D), and the self-care activity scale developed by Kim (1996). HbA1c was obtained from medical records. RESULTS: There were 50 men (41.7%) and 70 women (58.3%). The mean scores for depression and self-care activity were 18.22+/-10.03 and 3.51, respectively. Almost half of the participants (46.7%) had an HbA1c greater than 7%. Self-care activity was negatively correlated with depression (r=-.436, p=0.00) and HbA1c (r=-.269, p=0.03). Depression was positively correlated with HbA1c (r=-.325, p=0.00). Participants who had diabetes education showed a significantly lower level of HbA1c than the group who had never had diabetes education. Conclusions: It is important to make ensure that patients with diabetes have education on diabetes mellitus and to screen and manage depression as part of the care for these patients.
Depression ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dietary Sucrose ; Female ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Male ; Outpatients ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Care

Midtrimester genetic amniocentesis has been a gold standard for prenatal diagnosis in antenatal care since last 25 years. After the triple serum marker test was introduced as a prenatal screening method for Down syndrome, the frequency of genetic amniocentesis was increased. OBJECTIVE: To determine the complication, risk of amniocentesis and detection rate of chromosomal abnormality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective clinical analysis of 1,064 midtrimester genetic amnicentesis in IL Sin Christian Hospital antenatal clinic from Jan 1995 to Dec 1997. Chi square test was used for the statistical analysis and p value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Amnicentesis were significantly increased in the age of 35-39 yrs and 40yrs over. And also the incidence of chromosomal abnormality was higher than younger age group. The indications of amnicentesis were screen positive of triple marker test(43%), advanced maternal age(20.8%), abnormal beta-hCG level, past history of chromosome abnormality or malformed baby and abnormal alpha-FP level in order. Total number of chromosomal abnormalities was 30 and the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities was 2.8%(30/1,064). The complications were developed in 13 cases and fetal loss rate was 0.78%(9/1,064). CONCLUSION: The detection rate of chromosomal abnormality in midtrimester amnicentesis for prenatal diagnosis was high and relatively safe procedure but, we should be attention to more careful manipulation.
Amniocentesis ; Biomarkers ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Down Syndrome ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: To assess the value of MR imaging compared to CT for the staging of gastric carcinoma when body-wrap-around surface coil, intravenous glucagon, motion suppression technique and effervescent granules are used. MATERIAL AND METHOD: CT and MRI were performed for thirty-five patients with gastric carcinoma. Postcontrast CT scan was performed immediately after oral effervescent granules and Buscopan were given. Before MR imaging, BWA surface coil was wrapped around the upper abdomen. T1 coronal, sagittal and axial SE images (TRITE=400/15 msec) were obtained immediately after oral effervescent granules and glucagon were given. Respiratory compensation and presaturation techniques were used for each imaging. Three radiologists evaluated independently for randomly mixed 70 sets of CT and MR images. The signal intensity of gastric mass and enlarged lymph nodes were compared to the signal intensity of the adjacent pancreas, liver and spleen to evaluate any discriminating features between them. RESULTS: The accuracy in the diagnosis of pancreatic invasion was 83.8% on MRI and 74.3% on CT (p < 0.05). The accuracy of MRI and CT was 77.1% and 72.4% in detecting of gastric tumor respectively (p > 0.05), 73.3% and 68.6% in gastric serosal invasion (p> 0.05), 50.5% and 42.9% in lymph node metastasis (p > 0.05). The gastric mass and enlarged lymph nodes were hypointense to the intensity of pancreas and liver in more than 78% of cases. CONCLUSION: MRI was comparable to CT scan for the staging of gastric carcinoma. Therefore, MRI could be used as an alternative or adjunctive diagnostic modality in the staging of gastric carcinoma.
Abdomen ; Butylscopolammonium Bromide ; Compensation and Redress ; Diagnosis ; Glucagon ; Humans ; Liver ; Lymph Nodes ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pancreas ; Spleen ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

This study was taken to investigate by comparison with old muscle relaxantes and Vecuronium which is new non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, in clinical effects. The patients was composed of 40 healthy both sex adults who belong to class l or ll of ASA physical status. Vecuronium 0.08mg/kg(N=15), Succinylcholine 1mg/kg(N=10) and Pancuronium 0.08mg/kg(N=15) was injected independently when consciousness was lost after induction of thiopental sodium and immediately low concentration of enflurane with 50% N2O was inhaled by positive pressure ventilation. The degree of neuromuscular transmission was measure using the train of four stimulation of the ulnar nerve repeated every 20 second and the time was checked when the first twitch height(T1) was depressed to 85%, 75%, 50% and 25% and When T1 was recovered to 25%, 50% and 75% after administration of three muscle relaxants respectively. The results were as follows: 1) There were not a significant difference in Arterial blood pressure. Pulse, and serum electrolytes(Na+, K+) before and after vecuronium injection. 2) The onset times when T1 was reduced grom 100% normal height to 85, 75, 50 and 25% after administration of three muscle relaxants respectively, were 24+/-14.5, 28+/-10.3, 46+/-9.7, and 54+/-13.5 seconds in succinylcholine. 33+/-14.5, 55+/-22.0, 83+/-21.2, and 115+/-22.2 seconds in vecuronium, and 61+/-24.5, 79+/-25.3, 112+/-22.4, and 188+/-25.1 seconds in pancuronium. 3) In the recovery times when T1 was recovered to 25, 50 and 75% without anticholinesterase after administration of three muscle relaxants respectively, these were 7.3+/-1.37, 9.2+/-1.54, and 13.6+/-1.99, minutes in succinylcholine, 24.0+/-6.7, 31.0+/-9.9 and 45.0+/-17.8 minutes in vecuronium, and 89.0+/-27.0, 115.0+/-28.2 and 144.0+/-38.6 minutes in pancuronium. Recovery index which is the time from 25% to 75% recovery as a parameter of the speed of recovery was 20.27+/-12.60 minutes in vecuronium with comparison of 66.0+/-39.88 minutes in pancuronium. The onset and recovery time of vecuronium was faster than pancurosium, but later than succinylcholine, and endotracheal intubation was easily done without any difficulties in all cases at 50% depression of T1 when was on 83+/-21.2 seconds after vecuronium injection. 4) Average minute volume of respiration was 7.1+/-0.73l/min. and the time of head lift was 11.45+/-8.87 seconds at 75% recovery of T2 after vecuronium without any reversal agents, and at this 75% recovery of T1, T4 was recovered to 64.3+/-3.27%.
Adult ; Arterial Pressure ; Consciousness ; Depression ; Enflurane ; Head ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Neuromuscular Blockade ; Pancuronium ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Respiration ; Succinylcholine ; Thiopental ; Ulnar Nerve ; Vecuronium Bromide*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate influences of drinking, smoking, and obesity indices on cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk factors in Korean young men. METHODS: The subjects were 234 young men, aged 20 to 39 years. Body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (PBF), body fat mass (kg), and waist hip ratio (WHR) were measured as obesity indices. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured as cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk factors. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using SAS 9.4. RESULTS: Statistically significant factors were BMI for SEP; age, degree of drinking, body fat mass for DBP; WHR for TC; WHR and age for TG; age, degree of smoking and PBF for HDL-C; WHR, age and degree of smoking for LDL-C. CONCLUSION: Factors identified in this study need to be considered in cardio-cerebrovascular disease prevention programs for young men.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to seek ways to improve the quality of life of workers by separating workers into the low fatigue group and the severe fatigue group depending on the level of fatigue level, and analyzing and understanding the difference between quality of life and job stress according to the fatigue level. METHODS: For the 'Development of Mibyeong management system which was a consumer-directed health care service', the data of job stress, fatigue and quality of life was collected from 115 workers who visited the oriental hospitals located in J city and C city from Jul, 2012 to Dec, 2012. RESULTS: The severe fatigue group showed significantly higher job stress than the low fatigue group in physical environment (p=.004), job demand (p<.001), interpersonal conflict (p=.012), lack of reward (p=.062). The severe fatigue group showed lower degrees both in physical component summary (PCS) (p<.001) and mental component summary (MCS) (p<.001) measured by SF-12 and the quality of life (p<.001) measured by EQ5D than the lower fatigue group. A relatively strong negative correlation was found in the item of mental component summary (MCS) measured by SF-12. CONCLUSION: Considering our results that high fatigue level show negative impact on quality of life and job stress, we suggest to provide a variety of health promotion strategies to improve the quality of life through the prevention and relief of fatigue for workers.
Delivery of Health Care ; Fatigue* ; Health Promotion ; Quality of Life* ; Reward

OBJECTIVE: The tripartite model categorizes symptoms of depression and anxiety into three groups: 1) non-specific general distress that is shared between depression and anxiety, 2) depression-specific symptoms that include low positive affect and loss of interest, and 3) anxiety-specific symptoms that include somatic arousal. The Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (MASQ) was developed to measure these three factors of depression and anxiety. The purpose of the present study was to test the psychometric properties of the Korean version of the MASQ (K-MASQ) in adolescents. METHODS: Community-dwelling adolescents (n=933) were randomly assigned to two groups. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted in each group to identify the factor structure of the K-MASQ. The reliability and validity of the K-MASQ were also evaluated. RESULTS: Our results support the three-factor structure of the K-MASQ in adolescents. However, we found that the specific items of each factor differed from those of the original MASQ. That is, the depression-specific factor was only related to low positive affect and not loss of interest, and the anxiety-specific factor included more items related to general somatic symptoms of anxiety. The reliability and validity of the K-MASQ were found to be satisfactory. CONCLUSION: The K-MASQ supports the tripartite model of depression and anxiety and has satisfactory reliability and validity among Korean adolescents. The K-MASQ can be used to distinguish unique symptoms of depression and anxiety in Korean adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Anxiety* ; Arousal ; Depression ; Humans ; Korea ; Psychometrics ; Surveys and Questionnaires* ; Reproducibility of Results

It may be the most important problem to keep the airway during general anesthetic procedure. The authors experienced a case of left segmental bronchial obstruction with foreign body during general anesthesia for right pneumonectomy on the position of left decubitus, which was successfully removed by fiberoptic bronchoscopic aspiration and atelectasis due to segmental bronchial obstrucion was completely cured by active management of I.P.P.B., inhalation of oxygen with humidification, endobronchial suction, and symptomatic medication.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Foreign Bodies* ; Inhalation ; Oxygen ; Pneumonectomy ; Pulmonary Atelectasis* ; Suction

No abstract available.
Reference Values*