With the recent introduction and development of the detachable balloon system, it has become the treatment of choice in the management of carotid cavernous fistulas(CCFs). But, since most delivery systems for embolization of CCF mainly depend on flow guidance for balloon delivery, in cases of small fistula, pseudoaneurysm and arterialized venous collaterals, failure of balloon embolization can occur. To overcome these limitations, the authors designed and used a new versatile, steerable, and flow-guided detachable balloon system by using a Tracker catheter system with silicone or latex balloons. Using this maneuver, we could get successful fistula occlusion in 7 out of 8 patients(silicone balloon). But in one case, we had to occlude the internal carotid artery at the fistula site, proximal and distal cervical portions of the internal carotid artery. This balloon delivery system proved to provide high selectivity for fistula and relatively ease of handing.
Aneurysm, False ; Balloon Occlusion ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Catheters* ; Fistula* ; Hand ; Latex ; Silicon* ; Silicones*

Correct discrimination of the first and the second twin is important. Case: (1) The first fetus, whose amnionic cavity was closest to the cervix at 19 weeks, even though its body was higher than the second fetus, was found to be closer to the cervix by 23 gestational weeks than its twin. (2) The result of the chromosomal study of dichorionic twins at 17 gestational weeks was male with 9 inversion of the presumed first, and female with trisomy 21 of the presumed second. AT 19 gestational weeks, the sex and order of the two were found to be reversed at sonography for selective termination. In diamnionic twins, the fetus in the amnionic sac closest to the cervix is nominated as the first.
Amnion ; Cervix Uteri ; Diagnosis* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Down Syndrome ; Female ; Fetus* ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy, Twin* ; Twins*

No abstract available.
Blood Pressure* ; Body Mass Index*

The fractures of the cervical spine are relatively uncommon, but they may cause serious neurologic deficits temporarily or permanently. So, it is very important to treat the patients early by way of exact evaluation for the sites and the mechanisms of the injuries. The authors reviewed retrospectively 188 cervical spinal fractures in 100 patients from Sep. 1984 to Aug. 1990. Commonly involed levels were C5 and C6 in lower cervical level and C2 in upper cervical level and the sites in each spine were body; lamina and odontoid process. The hyperflexion injury was the most common type of the cervical spinal fractures occupying 53% of all cervical fractures and cause more multipe fractures(2.26 fractures/patient) than in hyperextension (1. 68 fractures/patient). In hyperflexion injuries, body, transverse and spinous process were commonly involved but lamina fracture was relatively common in hyperextension injury. The dislocations associated with fractures were developed most commonly in hyperflexion injury and 70% of these were anterior dislocation and the most commonly involved levels were C5-6 and C6-7. In conclusion, hyperflexion injury needs more close examination for the entire spinal levels than injuries of other mechanisms because it results in more severe fractures with or without dislocation and relatively frequent multiple fractures in different levels.
Dislocations ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Odontoid Process ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures* ; Spine

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Korea* ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung*

BACKGROUND: In two-kidney one clip Goldbaltt hypertensive rats(2K1C GHR), clipped kidney may be exposed to low pressure and unclipped kidney to high pressure. In addition, both kidneys may have a different amount of adenosine which is increased by ischemia and plays an important role for renin release. The aim of this study was to invstigate the responsmiveness for renin release to adenosine agonists and antagonist in clipped and unclipped kidney of 2K1C GHR. METHODS: Emplying kidney slices from both unclipped and unclipped kidney of 2K1C GHR, the alteration by adenosine agonists and antagonist of renin release was studied. RESULTS: The renal renin content and basal renin release from unclipped kidney slices were suppressed, whereas those from clipped kidney were augmented Adenosine Al receptor agonist, cyclohexyladenosne(CHA), phenylisopropyl adenosine(PIA) and adenosine caused a decrease in renin release from clipped kidney slices. Adenosine A2 receptor agonist, NECA, and nonspecific adenosine receptor aganist, 2-chloroadenosine(CA) caused an increase in renin release from clipped kidney slices. Adenosine receptor antagonist, 8-phenyltheophylline(8-PT) caused an increase in renin release from clipped kidney slices. In unclipped kidney, however, the renin release in response to NECA, CA or 8-PT was reversed and the decreasing effect of renin release to CHA and adenosine was slightly inereased. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the responsiveness of adenosine receptors, which may participate in renin release is modified in clipped and unclipped kidney of 2K1C GHR.
Adenosine* ; Adenosine-5'-(N-ethylcarboxamide) ; Animals ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; Ischemia ; Kidney ; Rats* ; Receptors, Adenosine A2 ; Receptors, Purinergic P1 ; Renin*

PURPOSE: The TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus offers the proper guidelines for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Many new devices and surgical techniques have been introduced to the medical field and these have been aggressively used to manage the patients with PAD. We performed this study to evaluate the current status of endovascular therapy based on the literature and we review the efficacy and safety of the new devices used in the field. METHODS: A search of the literature was performed in the PubMed and science websites. The keywords were "chronic total occlusions", "superficial femoral artery revascularization", "peripheral arterial disease" and "endovascular therapy". RESULTS: The variation of the results was large according to the studies. The rough technical success rate was 80~90% and the 1 year clinical success rate, the primary patency rate and the limb salvage rate for chronic total occlusions were approximately 50~70%, 50% and 80~90%. The efficacy and safety of the new devices used in the field were acceptable. CONCLUSION: Further refinement of the guidewires and sheaths and the development of adjunctive devices have allowed traversal of even the long lesions and this has increased the technical success. Although surgery remains the principal treatment for patients with lower limb ischemia, surgeons must now assess the benefits and risks associated with various treatment options, including endovascular therapy.
Consensus ; Femoral Artery ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Limb Salvage ; Lower Extremity ; Peripheral Arterial Disease ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases ; Risk Assessment

We reviewed eight solitary fibrous tumors occurring at sites other than pleura (three orbit, two retroperitoneum, one each hard palate, thyroid, and tongue) which shared the histologic and immunohistochemical features of solitary fibrous tumors of pleura. Six patients were women, and two were men, aged from 26 to 74 years. The tumors ranging from 1.5 to 19 cm in diameter presented as well-circumscribed, unencapsulated, soft to rubbery tissue masses. Histologically they were characterized by a proliferation of spindle or ovoid cells intervened by a dense bundles of collagen. A variety of growth patterns was identified but the so-called patternless pattern was the predominant one. One tumor exhibited highly cellular sarcomatous areas with extensive necrosis, which was diagnosed as malignant solitary fibrous tumor. Immunohistochemical studies showed that all of the tumors were strongly positive for both CD34 and vimentin, but negative for cytokeratin, S-100 protein, EMA, and desmin. One case examined ultrastructurally showed features of fibroblast. All but one showed no evidence of recurrence or metastasis over follow-up period of 14 to 32 months. We conclude that extrapleural solitary fibrous tumors represent a distinct mesenchymal tumor with variable histologic features and should be differentiated from other spindle cell mesenchymal tumors.
Collagen ; Desmin ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratins ; Male ; Necrosis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Orbit ; Palate, Hard ; Pleura ; Recurrence ; S100 Proteins ; Solitary Fibrous Tumors* ; Thyroid Gland ; Vimentin

BACKGROUND: Congenital aortic stenosis in children is characterized by "excessive" left ventricular hypertrophy with reduced left ventricular systolic wall stress that allows for supernormal ejection performance. We hypothesized that left ventricular wall stress was decreased immediately after surgical correction of pure congenital aortic stenosis. Also measuring postoperative left ventricular wall stress was a useful noninvasive measurement that allowed direct assessment for oxygen consumption of myocardium than measuring the peak systolic pressure gradient between ascending aorta and left ventricle for the assessment of surgical results. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Between September 1993 and August 1999, 8 patients with isolated congenital aortic stenosis who underwent surgical correction at Yonsei cardiovascular center were evaluated. There were 6 male and 2 female patients ranging in age from 2 to 11 years(mean age, 10 years). Combined Hemodynamic-Ultrasonic method was used for studying left ventricular wall stress. We compared the wall stress peak systolic pressure gradient and ejection fraction preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULT: After surgical correction peak aortic gradient fell from 58.4+/-17.6, to 23.7+/-17.7 mmHg(p=0.018) and left ventricular ejection fraction decreased but it is not statistically significant. In the consideration of some factors that influence left ventricular end-systolic wall stress excluding one patient who underwent reoperation for restenosis of left ventricular outflow tract left ventricular end-systolic pressure and left ventricular end-systolic dimension were fell from 170.6+/-24.3 to 143.7+/-27.1 mmHg and from 1.78+/-0.4 to 1.76+/-0.4 cm respectively and left ventricular posterior wall thickness was increased from 1.10+/-0.2, to 1.27+/-0.3cm but it was not statistically singificant whereas left ventricular end-systolic wall stress fell from 79.2+/-24.9 to 57.1+/-27.6 kdynes/cm2(p=0.018) in 7 patients. For one patient who underwent reoperation peak aortic gradient fell from 83.0 to 59.7 mmHg whereas left ventricular end-systolic wall stress increased from 67.2 to 97.0 kdynes/cm2 The intervals did not change significnatly. CONCLUSION: We believe that probably some factors that are related to left ventricular geometry influenced the decreased left ventricular wall stress immediately after surgical correction of isolated congenital aortic stenosis. Left ventricular wall stress is a noninvasive measurement and can allow for more direct assesment than measuring peak aortic gradient particularly in consideration of the stress and oxygen consumption of the myocardium therefore we can conclude it is a useful measurement for postoperative assessment of congenital aortic stenosis.
Aorta ; Aortic Valve Stenosis* ; Blood Pressure ; Child ; Equidae ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Male ; Myocardium ; Oxygen Consumption ; Reoperation ; Stroke Volume