No abstract available.
Endocarditis*

No abstract available.
Anemia, Megaloblastic* ; Humans ; Megaloblasts* ; Methotrexate*

Osteopetrosis or albers-Schonberg disease is extremely rare disease. It is characterized by osteoporosis, stunted growth, deformity, increased likelihood of fractures, also patients suffers anemia, recurrent infections and hepatosplenomegaly. However, we recently came upon a 14-month-old female as the 1st child of osteopetrosis with hydrocephalus and rickets. She has the typical symptoms such as nystagmus, osteosclerosis -especially in skull. Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), MRI shows hydrocephalus and x-ray finding are consistent with rickets. This is the first report of osteopetrosis with hydrocephalus and rickets in Korea by pediatrician.
Anemia ; Brain ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus* ; Infant ; Korea ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Osteopetrosis* ; Osteoporosis ; Osteosclerosis ; Rare Diseases ; Rickets* ; Skull

Infarction is an uncommon occurrence in healthy young patients. Despite the lower mortality rate of infarction in the pediatric patients, there is a high social impact of the disease. Recent years are represented by the increased attention that is placed on detecting risk factors of infarction. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is attributable to the important risk factor that has been associated with cerebral infarction of unknown etiology or cryptogenic infarction. Since the treatment to prevent recurrence in infarction is percutaneous closure with permanently implanted closure devices. We present a case of fifteen-year-old male who admitted to hospital after he had paresthesia and hemiparesis. His physical, cardiologic and neurologic examinations were normal, except for the left hemiparesis and left finger paresthesia. On admission, magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance imaging spectroscopy revealed multifocal hyperintense lesions consistent with acute ischemic events. Further evaluation with an aim to define the cause of infarction revealed a PFO with right-to-left shunt. He was underwent closure of the PFO using the Amplatzer occluder(R). Since one year after procedure, the patient has been visiting the out-patient department without recurrence of neurologic or cardiologic events.
Cerebral Infarction* ; Fingers ; Foramen Ovale, Patent* ; Humans ; Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male* ; Mortality ; Neurologic Examination ; Outpatients ; Paresis ; Paresthesia ; Recurrence ; Risk Factors ; Social Change ; Spectrum Analysis

Penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae has increased sharply within the past few years and extended-spectrum cephalosporins haute been recommended for the empiric therapy of bacterial meningitis. However, therapeutic failure are being reported with increasing frequency due to extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant strains. We report two cases of meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae resistant to penicillin and cefotaxime. Both patients were recovered after ceftriaxone and vancomycin treatment, but one of them was left with neurological sequelae because of a delay in the institution of an antibiotic therapy appropriate for resistant pneumococci. This report indicates that extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistance must be considered In all clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae and in vitro susceptibility testings should be performed promptly and accurately to detect antibiotic resistance.
Cefotaxime ; Ceftriaxone ; Cephalosporins ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Humans ; Meningitis* ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Penicillin Resistance ; Penicillins ; Pneumonia ; Streptococcus pneumoniae* ; Streptococcus* ; Vancomycin

PURPOSE: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor (HGFR/c-Met) regulate motility, mitogenesis, and morphogenesis in a cell type-dependent fashion. We report the role of HGF and c-Met on stress-induced ARPE-19 human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in this study. METHODS: The cells were cultured either with or without serum. Southern and Western blot analyses were done to determine the expression patterns of HGF/c-Met in serum-starved ARPE-19 cells. The cell proliferation pattern in serum-starved condition was analyzed using MTS assay. Inhibition level of cell proliferation was analyzed using a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against c-Met (2 microgram/ml). RESULTS: Abnormal cell proliferation and scattering of ARPE-19 cells was observed under serum starvation. HGF/c-Met were expressed in serum-starved ARPE-19 cells. ARPE-19 cell proliferation was also enhanced with recombinant HGF treatment. Neutralization against c-Met inhibited the proliferation of serum-deprived ARPE-19 by 64.5% (n=9, S.D. 5.5%). Serum starvation appears to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition of ARPE-19 cells, resulting in scatter, and the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), a marker for fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, c-Met induced under non-physiologic conditions has significant effects on the activation of RPE cells.
Blotting, Southern ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Movement/physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media, Serum-Free ; *Gene Expression ; Hepatocyte Growth Factor/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Humans ; Mitosis/physiology ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/cytology/*metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met/biosynthesis/*genetics ; RNA/*genetics

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical aspects of severe endogenous endophthalmitis requiring evisceration,particularly underlying disease, causative microorganisms, and infection focus, and to assess the outcome of evisceration. METHODS: The records of 13 patients who were diagnosed with endogenous endophthalmitis requiring evisceration and treated at Yeungnam University Hospital from July 1994 to April 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 13 patients, all patients had diabetes mellitus, five had advanced liver disease, and one had aplastic anemia. Infection foci were pyelonephritis, pneumonia, and liver abscess. Five cases were confirmed with positive culture of lebsiella pneumoniae. Ten cases underwent evisceration with hydroxyapatite implantation, and three cases were treated conservatively because the patient was in poor systemic condition. Of the 10 patients who underwent evisceration, ocular implants were exposed in five cases. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that evisceration with primary orbital implant insertion for endogenous endophthalmitis involves the risk of implant exposure, but after secondary repair, all patients have stable clinical courses.
Anemia, Aplastic ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Durapatite ; Endophthalmitis ; Humans ; Liver Abscess ; Liver Diseases ; Orbital Implants ; Pneumonia ; Pyelonephritis ; Retrospective Studies

Purpose: /Objectives: To determine predictors of fall events in hospitalized patients with cancer, and identification of fall risk. Methods: An analysis of medical records was conducted together with a review of standardized fall reports of 565 patients admitted between January 1 and December 31, 2020. The collected data were analyzed with the chi-squared test, Fisher exact test, independent t-test, and logistic regression analysis using STATA 17 program. Results: There was a statistically significant increased fall risk; accompanied by a guardian (OR=10.30 CI=2.66~39.94), number of attachment devices (OR=1.30, CI=0.46~0.64), medication (OR=0.17, CI=0.04~0.84), pain (OR=4.73, CI=1.59~14.0), walking problem (OR=29.85, CI=9.31~95.74), chemotherapy (OR=5.20, CI=1.81~14.89), and fall risk score (OR=1.83, CI=1.50~2.24). Conclusion These findings can serve as academic evidence to support the role of nurses in assessing the risk of fall events/accidents with regard to cancer patients and the development of individually adjusted fall assessment tools.

An excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is engaged in slow transmission by activating the secondary signal transduction pathway through metabotropic receptors of the target cells. The present study has been investigated the localization of group I (mGluR1 and mGluR5) and II (mGluR2/3) metabotropic glutamate receptors in the retina and their altered expression patterns following long-term diabetes using immunohistochemistry, in order to clarify the involvement of the slow transmission of glutamate in diabetic retinopathy. Insulin-dependent diabetes was induced by a single intravenous injection of streptozotocin. Experimental periods were set at 1, 4, 12 and 24 weeks after the onset of diabetes. MGluR1 and mGluR5 were expressed in the outer plexiform layer, 1, 3, and 5 strata of the inner plexiform layer, and the photoreceptor layer in the retina at normal state. In the early periods of diabetes, the expression pattern of group I receptors was no large change. The expression level in the photoreceptor layer of 12 and 24 weeks diabetic retinas was increased, while that in the IPL was decreased. MGluR2/3 was expressed in the amacrine cells, in the displaced amacrine cells, and in two bands in the inner plexiform layer at normal retina. In later diabetic periods, the expression level of mGluR2/3 was increased in the two bands especially. These results demonstrate that diabetes induces the activation of I and II mGluRs in the retina, and may suggest the involvement of slow transmission of glutamate via metabotropic receptors in progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Amacrine Cells ; Animals ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Glutamic Acid ; Immunohistochemistry ; Injections, Intravenous ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Rats* ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate* ; Retina* ; Signal Transduction ; Streptozocin

Background: and Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fludrocortisone in patients with pediatric vasovagal syncope (VVS). Methods: This retrospective observational single-tertiary-center study based on chart reviews included 74 patients who were newly diagnosed with VVS in the head-up tilt-table test (HUTT). Some of the patients had been treated with fludrocortisone. All patients were assessed using a brain and cardiac workup before treatment to rule out the syncope being due to other causes, which resulted in seven of them being excluded: two for epilepsy and five for brain pathologies. The remaining 67 patients were analyzed. The effect of fludrocortisone was evaluated based on the results of a follow-up HUTT, with a response to the treatment considered to be present if there was a negative change at the follow-up HUTT. Univariate logistic regression were used for statistical analyses, with the criterion for significance being p<0.05. Results: There were no significant differences in the characteristic of the patients between the no-medication (n=39) and fludrocortisone (n=28) groups, including age, sex, and duration of treatment. The recurrence rate of syncopal or presyncopal events was significantly lower in the fludrocortisone group (39.3%, 11 of 28) than in the no-medication group (64.1%, 25 of 39) (p=0.044), as was the rate of negative change at the follow-up HUTT: 57.1% (16 of 28) and 28.2% (11 of 39), respectively (p=0.017). Conclusions Our findings suggest that fludrocortisone is more effective than no medication in pediatric patients with VVS.