PURPOSE: The Braden Scale is one of the most intensively studied risk assessment scales used in identifying the risk of developing pressure sore. However, not all studies show that the predictive validity of this scale is sufficient. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Braden Scale for predicting pressure ulcer development. METHODS: Articles published 1946 and 2013 from periodicals indexed in Ovid Medline, Embase, CINAHL, KoreaMed, NDSL and other databases were selected, using the following keywords: 'pressure ulcer'. The QUADAS-II was applied to assess the internal validity of the diagnostic studies. Selected studies were analyzed using meta-analysis with MetaDisc 1.4. RESULTS: Thirty-eight diagnostic studies with high methodological quality, involving 17,934 patients, were included. Results of the meta-analysis showed that the pooled sensitivity and specificity of the Braden Scale were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.72-0.76), 0.75 (95% CI: 0.74-0.76) respectively. However the predictive validity of the Braden Scale has limitation because there was high heterogeneity between studies. CONCLUSION: The Braden Scale's predictive validity of risk for pressure ulcer is interpreted as at a moderate level. However there is a limitation to the interpretation of the results, because of high heterogeneity among the studies.
Aged ; Area Under Curve ; Databases, Factual ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Pressure Ulcer/diagnosis/*pathology ; ROC Curve ; Risk Factors ; *Severity of Illness Index

No abstract available.
Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory* ; Peritonitis*

Purpose: This study systematically reviewed the effects of physical activity on depression and various menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women. We aimed to identify physical activity as a useful intervention for mitigating the physiological and psychological challenges associated with menopause and promoting healthy aging. Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library databases using predefined keywords “menopause” and “physical activities”. Of the 1,391 initial articles, 15 randomized controlled trials involving 1,692 middle-aged women were included. Results: Physical activities led to a reduction in depressive symptoms, with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of -0.60 (95% CI, -0.90 to -0.30). Moreover, all menopausal symptoms, except vasomotor symptoms, were decreased. Specifically, the SMDs for the five subscales of menopausal symptoms were as follows: total scores: -1.53 (95% CI, -2.57 to -0.49); vasomotor: -0.76 (95% CI, -1.53 to 0.00); psychological: -0.93 (95% CI, -1.62 to -0.25); physical: -1.10 (95% CI, -1.77 to -0.43); and urogenital/sexual: -0.67 (95% CI, -1.23 to -0.12). Conclusion Physical activity is beneficial for middle-aged women transitioning from peri- to post-menopause. Engagement in physical activity can contribute to the maintenance of overall health and well-being during aging by reducing depression and menopausal symptoms.

PURPOSE: This study was done to investigate evidence of exercise programs as interventions to decrease depression, anxiety symptoms and stress as well as to improve physical status and self-esteem in adolescents. METHODS: A search of electronic bibliographic database of Medline Ovid, Embase, KoreaMed and NDSL etc. was carried out to identify studies of randomized controlled trials that included exercise programs for adolescent. Of 679 publications identified, 10 studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria, and all studies were used in the meta-analysis. For Quality assessment of studies, Cochrane's Risk of Bias was used. RESULTS: The effectiveness of exercise therapy in adolescents showed that depression symptoms and stress decreased significantly, -0.50 (95% CI: -0.73~-0.27), -1.65 (95% CI: -3.19~-0.12) respectively, but there were some heterogeneity. Self-esteem increased 0.19 (95% CI: -0.22~0.60) due to exercise therapy but theses scores were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, there is evidence that exercise programs in adolescents are effective in improving depression symptoms, stress, and self-esteem. Therefore, the priority task is to develop tailored exercise programs for Korean adolescents and make efficient use of these programs.
Adolescent ; Anxiety ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Databases, Bibliographic ; Depression ; Electronics ; Electrons ; Exercise Therapy ; Humans ; Population Characteristics

Deliberate hypotension in the surgery of intracranial aneurysm's used to diminish bleeding and render an aneurysmal sac slack to make clipping easy. It has been reported by Murtagh (1960) and Schettini et al. (1967) that deliberate hypotension induced with halothane anesthesia is a useful method. We are reporting clinical experience of halothane induced hypotension in 13 cases of intracranial aneurysm surgery. The results of clinical observation were as follows: 1. On the average, the systolic blood pressure lay between 60 and 80 mmHg. Hypctension by halothane was readily controllable by increasing and decreasing the inspired concentration of halothane. The use of vasopressors was not necessary to raise the blood pressure. Recovery from anesthesia was rapid. The mean of Mean Arterial Blood Pressure of 13 cases was 56.077 mmHg during the .hypotensive phase. The rate of fall of the mean arterial blood pressure was 1.862 mmHg per minute. 2. The common EKG finding was bradycardia associated with hypotension, but the pulse rate increased by raising the blood pressure. 3. The serum electrolytes, Na, K, Cl, and CO₂ combining power, checked in the pre and posto-perative period, showed no significant change. 4. Arterial blood gas study showed increased values for PaCO₂ and oxygen saturation during the hypotensive phase. The PaCO₂ was slightly lowered during hypotension. The pH was within normal limits. 5. The Hb and Hct, checked pre and postop ratively, showed lowered values in the postopertive period. During surgical clipping of the aneurysm, there were two cases of aneurysmal rupture, requiring blood transfusion; the amount of whole blood transfused was 500 ml to 1, 000 ml. 6. Urinary excretion, observed during hypoension, showed a decreased urine output at a systolic blood pressure of about 70 mmHg. 7. Postoperatively there was one death at the end of second week and the cause was thought to be cerebral infarction, not directly relnted to anesthesia.
Anesthesia ; Aneurysm ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Transfusion ; Bradycardia ; Cerebral Infarction ; Electrocardiography ; Electrolytes ; Halothane ; Heart Rate ; Hemorrhage ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hypotension ; Hypotension, Controlled* ; Intracranial Aneurysm* ; Methods ; Oxygen ; Rupture ; Surgical Instruments

No abstract available.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Diverticulum* ; Female* ; Humans ; Metaplasia*

The activity and distribution of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) and alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) in adult Fasciola hepatica have been studied. Fasciola hepatica was fractionated by differential centrifugation into nuclear, mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions. The activity of GOT and GPT was measured by the method of Reitman and Frankel. Isozyme patterns of those enzyme were also examined by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The results obtained were as follows: The activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase was about 0.55 unit and 0.92 unit per 1 g of Fasciola hepatica, respectively. The activity of those enzymes was relatively low compared with those in mammalian tissues. The distribution of aspartate aminotransferase in the subcellular organelles showed that 71 percent of the activity was in cytosolic, 24 percent in mitochondrial and 5 percent was in nuclear fraction. About 22 percent of the total alanine aminotransferase activity was found in the mitochondrial fraction, about 66 percent in the cytosolic fraction. Aspartate aminotransferase from cytosolic fraction was separated into two types of isozymes, whereas alanine aminotransferase from cytosolic fraction gave only one active peak on DEAE-cellulose column chromatography.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Fasciola hepatica ; biochemistry ; enzyme ; aspartate aminotransferase ; alanine ; aminotransferase ; alanine aminotransferase

PURPOSE: This study investigated evidence for the use of relaxation therapies as interventions to decrease irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms and severity as well as reduce anxiety and improve quality of life in IBS patients. METHODS: A search of electronic bibliographic databases (e.g., Medline Ovid, Embase, KoreaMed, and National Discovery for Science Leaders) was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials that included relaxation exercise programs for adults (>18 years old) with IBS. Of the 486 publications identified, 8 studies met inclusion and exclusion criteria, and all studies were used in the meta-analysis. We used Cochrane's risk of bias to assess study quality. RESULTS: The results showed that IBS symptoms decreased significantly, 6.19 (95% confidence interval [2.74, 14.02]) and there was no heterogeneity. Symptom severity and anxiety decreased by 0.38 (95% confidence interval [-1.41, 0.65]) and -0.08 (95% confidence interval [-0.38, 0.23]) due to relaxation therapies, but theses scores were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This review revealed positive effects of relaxation therapy on IBS symptoms in adult patients with IBS. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to the small number of studies examined and the associated methodological problems. Further studies are needed to ascertain the longterm effects of relaxation therapy and the underlying psychosocial mechanisms leading to anxiety reduction and improved quality of life.
Adult ; Anxiety ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Databases, Bibliographic ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome* ; Population Characteristics ; Quality of Life ; Relaxation ; Relaxation Therapy*

An ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node recurrence of breast cancer after surgery has been considered a predecessor to distant metastases. There still is a debate as to whether breast carcinoma patients with the isolated supraclavicular lymph node recurrence should be considered to have disseminated disease or if aggressive treatment, with curative intent, is justified. We report two cases of an isolated ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node recurrence following modified radical mastectomy, and multimodality treatments with modified radical neck dissection, systemic chemotherapy and involved field radiotherapy. These patients have lived without locoregional recurrence or distant metastases for 3 and 2 years, respectively. Conclusively, we recommend aggressive combined multimodality treatments, including surgery, such as modified radical neck dissection or complete excision of the involved lymph nodes, systemic chemotherapy, and involved field radiotherapy, in patients with isolated supraclavicular lymph node recurrence, but with no other evidence of distant metastases.
Breast Neoplasms ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Neck Dissection ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence