No abstract available.
Appendicitis* ; Child* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Apgar Score* ; Depression* ; Humans ; Psychology*

No abstract available.
Apgar Score* ; Depression* ; Humans ; Psychology*

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of professional quality of life among hospital nurses in the effects of workplace bullying, social support and resilience on retention intention. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 414 hospital nurses who worked for at least two months at a general hospital in the Seoul metropolitan area. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 23.0/AMOS 22.0 programs and employed reliability verification, descriptive statistics include frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping. Results: As a result of the study's structural modeling verification, workplace bullying had a negative effect, social support had a positive effect, resilience had a positive effect on professional quality of life, and professional quality of life had a positive effect on retention intention. Also, workplace bullying, social support, and resilience did not directly impact on retention intention. However, the professional quality of life had a complete mediating effect in the relationships between workplace bullying, social support, resilience and retention intention. The study results verified the mediating effect of professional quality of life affecting the retention intention. Conclusion In order to improve professional quality of life and retention intention, strategies to prevent workplace bullying and promote social support and resilience are needed.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of professional quality of life among hospital nurses in the effects of workplace bullying, social support and resilience on retention intention. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on 414 hospital nurses who worked for at least two months at a general hospital in the Seoul metropolitan area. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 23.0/AMOS 22.0 programs and employed reliability verification, descriptive statistics include frequency analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping. Results: As a result of the study's structural modeling verification, workplace bullying had a negative effect, social support had a positive effect, resilience had a positive effect on professional quality of life, and professional quality of life had a positive effect on retention intention. Also, workplace bullying, social support, and resilience did not directly impact on retention intention. However, the professional quality of life had a complete mediating effect in the relationships between workplace bullying, social support, resilience and retention intention. The study results verified the mediating effect of professional quality of life affecting the retention intention. Conclusion In order to improve professional quality of life and retention intention, strategies to prevent workplace bullying and promote social support and resilience are needed.

BACKGROUND: Polyethylene glycol(PEG) has been the most widely used colonic lavage solution. But large volume and salty taste of PEG solution is a problem which can lead to the noncompliance and the poor bowel cleansing. Recent reports have suggested that sodium phosphate solution of much smaller volume is more effective in colon cleansing ability and more easier to complete. Therefore, this study was designed to compare two solutions for colonoscopy and to determine the differences in either patient compliance or cleansing ability. METHOD: Eighty-two patients were randomized to take either oral sodium phosphate solution or 2 liter of PEG solution. Patient's discomfort and tolerance during ingestion was asessed by questionnaire and one colonoscopist who did not know the type of solution, assessed colonic preparation status. RESULTS: Among 25 patients experiencing two separate colonoscopies with PEG solution and sodium phosphate solution respectively, 19(76%) patients preferred sodium phosphate solution. Sodium phosphate solution was found to be easier to take. Sodium phosphate caused thirst more frequently(p=0.013) than PEG solution. Particulate stool and water retention status were similar in two groups. Gas bubble formation that disturbs luminal observation was more frequently found in sodium phosphate preparation group(P=0.00). Sodium phosphate was more effective in right colon cleansing ability than PEG preparation(P=0.04). The Colonoscopist assessed sodium phosphate as "good" in 47.2% vs 58.6% after PEG preparation as a whole, but there was no statistical difference. CONSLUSION: Sodium Phosphate solution is better tolerated and more easier to take than PEG solution. Gas bubble formation is a correctable problem, but right colonic cleansing effect is not. Our results showed that sodium phosphate is likely to be more effective in colonic cleansing effect comparing to polyethylene glycol solution.
Colon ; Colonoscopy ; Eating ; Humans ; Patient Compliance ; Phenobarbital ; Polyethylene Glycols* ; Polyethylene* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sodium* ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; Thirst ; Water

The authors performed a retrospective review to find out optimal treatment plan in infantile fistula-in-ano. There were seventy-one patients in a 2-year period. All were male and other clinical characteristics were similar to previous reports. The onset in 60 patients(97%) of the cases was in the first 1 year of alee, especially in the first 3 months(52%). We investigated patterns of disease progression in multiple-lesion cases(19cases 29%). In 5 out of 9 cases of which we could identify the patterns, new lesion developed from 1 month to 4 months after index lesion. Fifty Patients underwent fistulotomy under principle of early surgical intervention, No recurrence was found except 2cases who needed second operation during 30 months of median follow-up(23~48 months). In 21 patients whose parents did not want operation, we performed simple drainage and followed-up. Six out of 12 patients who could be communicable had no fistula-related symptoms from 20 months to 31 months. This suggests that simple drainage has therapeutic effect in some portion of infantile abscess. We conclude that simple drainage should be initial treatment of choice in infantile perianal abscess. We suggest that definite operation for recurrent abscess and fistula with relatively mild symptoms should be delayed until 1-year of age because of interval ccurrence of multiple lesions and therapeutic effect of simple drainage.
Abscess ; Child ; Disease Progression ; Drainage ; Fistula ; Humans ; Infant* ; Male ; Parents ; Rectal Fistula ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: It is generally accepted that most colorectal cancers develop from adenomas, so the detection and removal of them can reduce the incidence of colorectal cancers. Sigmoidoscopy is the effective tool for detecting and removing adenomatous polyps in the rectosigmoid region, but its major limitation is that sigmoidoscopy alone can not detect considerable portion of colorectal adenomas. METHODS: From October, 1996 to August, 1997, we performed 2017 sigmoidoscopies and 1683 colonoscopies. We analysed the anatomical distribution of adenomas and compared the detection rate of adenomas between two groups. In 32 cases, adenomas detected by sigmoidoscopy were followed by colonoscopy in less than 2 months. RESULTS: We found 125 cases of adenomas in 2017 sigmoidoscopies and 281 cases of adenomas in 1683 colonoscopies. In 281 cases of adenomas found by colonoscopy, 151 cases had rectosigmoid adenomas only and 25 cases had rectosigmoid and proximal adenomas, 105 cases had proximal adenomas only. The detection rate of adenomas by sigmoidoscopy was significantly lower than that by colonoscopy in the rectosigmoid region(6.1% vs. 10.5%, p=0.002). In 32 cases of adenomas found by sigmoidoscopy that were followed by colonoscopy, 7 cases of proximal adenomas and 6 cases of additional rectosigmoid adenomas were detected. CONCLUSION: Sigmoidoscopy cannot detect adenomas in the proximal colon beyond the sigmoid, it also can miss a significant portion of adenomas in the rectosigmoid.
Adenoma* ; Adenomatous Polyps ; Colon ; Colon, Sigmoid ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Incidence ; Mass Screening* ; Sigmoidoscopy*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The caudal anesthesia for anal surgery is simple and effective. Also, it is relatively safe because there is no headache or other neurologic complications. But, during the operation under caudal anesthesia, the unwanted symptoms such as lower abdominal pain or hypotensive symptoms were experienced in some patients. These unwanted symptoms may occur due to anal and lower rectal dilatation. The precise mechanism is unknown. But we speculated that some sensory nerve endings in rectal submucosa may be involved in this mechanism. So, we think that it is possible to prevent or reduce these symptoms if we block these sensory nerve endings effectively with local anesthetics. Therefore, the aim of this study is to see whether the locally injected lidocaine can reduce or prevent the unwanted symptoms during anal surgery under caudal anesthesia. METHODS: There were 100 consecutive patients in this study who had hemorrhoidectomy with Jack-knife position under caudal anesthesia at our clinic. We divided evenly these 100 patients into two groups, injection and control groups(in each group, 50 patients were included.). In injection-group, We injected 10 cc(100 mg) of 1% lidocaine solution cir cumferentially into the lower rectal submucosa at the beginning of the operation. In control-group, we did not inject lidocaine solution initially, but the lidocaine injection was done during the operation in the same manner in the injection-group if the severe unwanted symptoms occurred. We used Parks-type retractor to dilate the anus and recorded the patient,s complaints. RESULTS: In injection-group, male to female ratio was 33:17, mean age was 42.1 years(20~69) and mean operation time was 38.3 minutes(15~80). In control-group, male to female ratio was 25:25, mean age was 43.7 years(17~65) and mean oeration time was 38.5 minutes(15~80). Lower abdominal pain was present in 11 patients(22%) among injection-group and in 37 patients(74%) among control-group(p=0.000). Hypotensive symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, sweating and dizziness were present in 1 patient(2%) among injection-group and in 8 patients(16%) among control-group(p=0.014). We injected lidocaine solution into lower rectal submucosa during the operation in 18 patients with severe symptoms among control-group. The effect of the injected lidocaine solution in 18 control patients was good in 13(72%) and fair in 5(28%). With regard to factors influencing the occurrence of symptoms, there was a tendency of higher occurrence in male, the younger-aged and the longer-operation groups. CONCLUSION: The lower rectal submucosal lidocaine injection reduced the unwanted symptoms such as lower abdominal pain and hypotensive symptoms during the anal surgery under the caudal anesthesia.
Abdominal Pain ; Anal Canal ; Anesthesia, Caudal* ; Anesthetics, Local ; Dilatation ; Dizziness ; Female ; Headache ; Hemorrhoidectomy* ; Humans ; Lidocaine* ; Male ; Nausea ; Sensory Receptor Cells ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Vomiting

INTRODUCTION: In traditional society, the roles of housewives were to do housework, to look after her children and to give her family emotional stability. With rapid social and economic change, the traditional sense of value changes and the concepts of sexual roles, too. However, they are in a transition period yet. These discord and tension followed by role change appeared as the form of psychological instability or social pathological problem in modern family. Thus, this study aimed to avaluate the effect of employment on depression of housewives who play importent roles in family and their commumity. METHODS: From May to July 1996, the questonnaires were distributed to 179 housewives who have university education background(including community college), and have one or more children and live in Bundang-Ku of Sungnam city, making a distinction between working housewives and nonworking housewives. Regarding the subjects of this study, the non-working housewives are restricted to full-time housewives who have no job, and working housewives who have full-time job. As tools of measurement, we used BDI questionnaires consisted of 15 items in Korean. We performed statistical analysis among the data by means of SPSS/PC+. We analyzed statistical data for significance using one-way ANOVA and analyzed categorical data for significance using S-test. RESULTS: The average score on BDI for working housewives was 12.22(standard deviation 7.42) and this is rather higher than that of non-working housewives(10.80, standard deviation : 7.42). But the number of children increased, the BDI score were higher significantly in both groups. And the BDI score was high in working Housewives groups whose husbands had professional job or dommerce job, whose family system is a multi-generation family, and who feel a lot of fatigue after work. In case of non-working housewives, the BDI score was high with age(especially between 50-59), duration of marriage, lower income and Duvalls family life cycle 6, 7. CONCLUSIONS: There is no difference in depression tendency between working housewives and nonworking housewives. But in case of working housewives, some factors have influence on their depression tendency, the number of children, husbands job, family type, degree of fatigue after work. And in case of non-working housewives, the factors are the number of children, age, duration of marriage, income, family life cycle.
Child ; Depression* ; Education ; Employment ; Fatigue ; Gyeonggi-do ; Housekeeping ; Humans ; Marriage ; Seoul* ; Spouses ; Surveys and Questionnaires