The objectives of this study were to examine the changes of birth weight and relationship of birth weight with maternal age and parity. The study population included 13,634 single live births out of 14,346 births delivered at a general hospital in Busan between January 1, 1977 and December 31, 1986. Data were obtained from the delivery record. In 1979 the mean birth weight of male was 3,074 gm and that of female to 2,985 gm. In 1986 birth weight of male was increased to 3,266 gm and that of female to 3,210 gm. Low birth weight (< or = 2,500 gm) incidence rate was 7.2% in 1977 and it was increased gradually to 10.4% in 1980 but decreased thereafter to 6.5% in 1986. Incidence rate of overweight infant (4,001 gm < or =) was 3.9% for 10 years and it ranged from 2.9% to 4.6% but no particular changing pattern was observed. The percentage of mothers who had history of induced abortion was decreased from 51.6% in 1979 to 45.1% in 1986. Also, stillbirth rate was decreased from 2.6% in 1977 to 1.5% in 1986. The proportion of the first and second births was increased from 85.4% in 1977 to 96.0% in 1986 and the proportion of mothers of 25-34 years increased from 72.1% in 1977 to 84.7% in 1986. The incidence rates of low birth weight and over weight infant are lower in the first and second births of 25-34 years old mothers than other parities and age groups. In creased mean birth weight and decreased low birth weight incidence rate indicate that the health status of newborn infants has been improved and substantial portion of these changes can be attributed to increase in family planning practice rate and delayed marriage. There is no evidence, however, for increasing incidence rate of overweight infant.
Abortion, Induced ; Birth Weight* ; Busan ; Family Planning Services ; Female ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Live Birth ; Male ; Marriage ; Maternal Age* ; Mothers ; Overweight ; Parity* ; Parturition* ; Stillbirth

Purpose: This study conducted a concept analysis of rejection sensitivity using the Walker and Avant method, to clarify its defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences. So, this contributes to a deeper understanding of its role in interpersonal relationships. Methods: Walker and Avant’s framework, this concept analysis included a thorough literature review across multiple disciplines. The literature was extracted from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and RISS. Results: Rejection sensitivity is a psychological construct encompassing several attributes, including rejection expectation, perception of rejection, and reaction to perceived rejection. This trait is influenced by various antecedents, including early life experiences, attachment style, and cultural factors. The consequences or events associated with rejection sensitivity span multiple domains and can significantly affect an individual’s life. Conclusion According to interpersonal psychology and attachment theory, problem behavior in adolescents is a state of unsatisfied affection for parents and a response to feelings of unacceptance. Rejection sensitivity is particularly important in the Korean culture because of cultural factors.

Purpose: This study conducted a concept analysis of rejection sensitivity using the Walker and Avant method, to clarify its defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences. So, this contributes to a deeper understanding of its role in interpersonal relationships. Methods: Walker and Avant’s framework, this concept analysis included a thorough literature review across multiple disciplines. The literature was extracted from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and RISS. Results: Rejection sensitivity is a psychological construct encompassing several attributes, including rejection expectation, perception of rejection, and reaction to perceived rejection. This trait is influenced by various antecedents, including early life experiences, attachment style, and cultural factors. The consequences or events associated with rejection sensitivity span multiple domains and can significantly affect an individual’s life. Conclusion According to interpersonal psychology and attachment theory, problem behavior in adolescents is a state of unsatisfied affection for parents and a response to feelings of unacceptance. Rejection sensitivity is particularly important in the Korean culture because of cultural factors.

Purpose: This study conducted a concept analysis of rejection sensitivity using the Walker and Avant method, to clarify its defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences. So, this contributes to a deeper understanding of its role in interpersonal relationships. Methods: Walker and Avant’s framework, this concept analysis included a thorough literature review across multiple disciplines. The literature was extracted from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and RISS. Results: Rejection sensitivity is a psychological construct encompassing several attributes, including rejection expectation, perception of rejection, and reaction to perceived rejection. This trait is influenced by various antecedents, including early life experiences, attachment style, and cultural factors. The consequences or events associated with rejection sensitivity span multiple domains and can significantly affect an individual’s life. Conclusion According to interpersonal psychology and attachment theory, problem behavior in adolescents is a state of unsatisfied affection for parents and a response to feelings of unacceptance. Rejection sensitivity is particularly important in the Korean culture because of cultural factors.

Purpose: This study conducted a concept analysis of rejection sensitivity using the Walker and Avant method, to clarify its defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences. So, this contributes to a deeper understanding of its role in interpersonal relationships. Methods: Walker and Avant’s framework, this concept analysis included a thorough literature review across multiple disciplines. The literature was extracted from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and RISS. Results: Rejection sensitivity is a psychological construct encompassing several attributes, including rejection expectation, perception of rejection, and reaction to perceived rejection. This trait is influenced by various antecedents, including early life experiences, attachment style, and cultural factors. The consequences or events associated with rejection sensitivity span multiple domains and can significantly affect an individual’s life. Conclusion According to interpersonal psychology and attachment theory, problem behavior in adolescents is a state of unsatisfied affection for parents and a response to feelings of unacceptance. Rejection sensitivity is particularly important in the Korean culture because of cultural factors.

This investigation evaluated the fracture toughness (KIC) of eight currently available core materials, and relate the fracture toughness value to fractography analysis and surface characteristics using a atomic force microscope (AFM). Single-edge notched (SEN) test specimens (n=10) and compact tension (CT) test specimens (n=10) were prepared conforming to the ASTM Standard E-399 for a high copper amalgam, three composite core materials (Core-Max II, Core Paste, Bisfil Core), two reinforced composite core materials (Ti-Core, Ti-Core Natural), a resin-modified glass ionomer core material (Vitremer), and a conventional glass ionomer core material (Ketac-Molar). The specimens were tested with an Instron Universal Testing Machine. The maximum loads were measured to calculate the fracture toughness (KIC). Thereafter, fracture surfaces of SEN specimens of each material were investigated for fractography analysis using scanning electron microscope. And, disc-shaped specimens with 1mm thickness were fabricated for each material and were investigated under AFM for surface morphology analysis. The results were as follows : 1. Bisfil Core showed the highest mean fracture toughness regardless of test methods. 2. For the tooth-colored materials, Ti-Core Natural exhibited the highest fracture toughness. 3. Ketac Molar showed a significantly low fracture toughness when compared with the amalgam and the composite resin core materials (p<0.05). 4. The fracture toughness values obtained with the single-edge notched test, except Ketac Molar, were higher than those obtained in the compact tension test. 5. SEM revealed that the fracture surface of high fracture toughness material was rougher than that of low fracture toughness material. 6. AFM revealed that the surface particles of the composite resins were smaller in size, with a lower surface roughness than the glass ionomer core materials.
Composite Resins ; Copper ; Glass ; Molar

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and associated repair integrity in patients treated with arthroscopic repair for a transtendinous rotator cuff tear followed by resection of the remnant rotator cuff tendon. METHODS: Between July 2007 and July 2011, we retrospectively reviewed patients who were treated for transtendinous full-thickness tears in the tendinous portion of the rotator cuff by arthroscopic repair. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, the Shoulder Rating Scale of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), the Constant-Murley score, a visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, and range of motion (ROM). The repair integrity was determined by magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasonography. RESULTS: There were 19 shoulders with transtendinous full-thickness tears in the tendinous portion of the rotator cuff. The ASES, UCLA, Constant-Murley, and VAS pain scores showed significant improvements in function and symptoms (all p<0.001). The active ROM for forward flexion and abduction was also significantly improved (p=0.002 and p<0.001, respectively). The postoperative radiological examination showed cuff integrity without a re-tear in 68.4% of patients. However, the UCLA, ASES, and Constant-Murley scores were not significantly different between healed and re-torn group (p=0.530, p=0.885, and p=0.262, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although repair of transtendinous rotator cuff tears followed by resection of the remnant rotator cuff tendon in the footprint has a relatively high re-tear rate, no significant difference was observed in the short-term clinical results between the re-tear and healed groups.
Arthroscopy ; California ; Elbow ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Rotator Cuff* ; Shoulder ; Surgeons ; Tears* ; Tendons ; Ultrasonography

We present a series of 10 Patients(Seven men and three women with an average age of 53 years) who underwent decompressive craniectomy for treatment to massive brain swelling following acute cerebral infarction. Clinical signs of cerebral herniation(anisocoria or fixed and dilated pupil, and/or hemiplegia with decerebrate righidity) were present in all patients. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed the mass effect by cerebral edema through midline shift. All patients were treated with an extensive craniectomy and duroplasty. Among them, one recovered without neurological deficit, three were moderately disabled but functionally dependent, three remained in a persistent vegetative state and three died within 9 days after surgery(good recovery=1, moderate disability=3, persistent vegetative state=3, death=3). The results suggest that decompressive craniectomy can be an useful lifesaving procedure for massive cerebral edema following widespread hemispheric infarction.
Brain Edema ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Decompressive Craniectomy* ; Female ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Persistent Vegetative State ; Prognosis ; Pupil