No abstract available.
Bleomycin* ; Lymphangioma, Cystic*

No abstract available.
Anoxia* ; Cochlea* ; Diuretics* ; Guinea*

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death in industrialized countries including Korea. METHODS: The methodology of cardiovascular disease clinical trials, published in 'The Korean Circulation Journal(KCJ)' and in 'The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine (KJIM)' from 1971 to 1993 were reviewed. For the study period, a total of 169 research papers in this field, includion 155 papers in the KCJ and 14 in the KJIM, were reviewed. To review the methodology behind the cardiovascular disease clinical trials, presence of a control group, set up a primary end point, determined sample size and the statistical method to be used, report on the side effects, and consent of patients were checked. In cases involving clinical trials using control groups, rendomization and blinding were also analysed. RESULTS: Among clinical trials reviewed only 6 (4.0%) of the 169 papers were used a control group, and 46.7% were set up with a primary end point. There was no clinical trial which used statitical methods to estimate the sample size. Clinical trials which reported results with statistical methods were 107 to 169 papers;most of these used the student's paired t-test. The number reporting the side effects of intervention was 143(88.7%) and papers reporting with the consent of patients was 15(8.8%). CONCLUSION: Most of clinical trials reviewed did not use appropriate method for clinical trials. Methodologically well-designed clinical trials in cardiovascular disease should be performed to guarantee the validity of study result.
Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Cause of Death ; Developed Countries ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Korea* ; Sample Size

PURPOSE: The Purpose of this study was to identify the relationship among leadership style of nurse managers, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. METHOD: The subjects were 468 nurses and 19 head nurses who were working at the 3 general hospitals in seoul. The data were collected from July 6 to September 14, 2001 by the structured questionnaires. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with SAS package were used. RESULT: 1) The score of the nurse managers' transformational leadership perceived by surbodinates' were higher than that of the nurse managers' transactional leadership. Among 5 subdimensions of the leadership styles perceived by surbodinates', the scores of 'charisma' and 'intellectual stimulation' were highest and 'management by exception' were lowest. 2) 'Charisma', 'intellectual stimulation', 'individual consideration' and 'contingent reward' were positively related to all of variables except 'turnover intention'. 'Management by exception' was negatively related to all of variables and was positively related to 'turnover intention'. 3) 'Job satisfaction' was positively related to 'organizational commitment' and 'Job satisfaction', 'organizational commitment' were negatively related to 'turnover intention'. 4) As a result of stepwise multiple regression analysis, the key determinants of 'turnover intention' were 'organizational commitment' and this explained 44.4% of the total variance of it.
Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Intention* ; Job Satisfaction* ; Leadership* ; Nurse Administrators* ; Nursing, Supervisory ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic

No abstract available.
Guinea*

PURPOSE: To investigate the level of depression and self management behavior in patients with diabetes. METHOD: From May to August 2004, 124 diabetic patients 18 years or older were surveyed using the Korean version of the BDI, the self-management scale by Toobert(2000) and hospital lab data for HbAl, FBS and Blood Sugar-2hr. RESULTS: 1. Mean score on the BDI for the patients was 10.85 points. The score on the BDI was significantly higher in hyperglycemic patients than in normoglycemic patients. 2. The level of self management for the past week showed care on an average of 4.2 days. According to level of depression, patients in the normal group and patients in the mild group had significantly higher levels of self management than those in the moderate group. 3. According to level of depression, patients in the normal group had significantly lower levels of blood glucose than those in the moderate group, and for HbAlc and FBS those in the mild group had lower levels compared to those in the moderate group. 4. The factors significantly associated with level of self management were depression (25.66%) and duration of illness. CONCLUSION: Programs should be developed to combat depression in patients with diabetes in order to increase compliance through self care management and thus increase of blood glucose levels.
Blood Glucose ; Compliance ; Depression* ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Humans ; Self Care*

This was designed to identify the relationship of perceived stress, ways of coping, and stress response in student nurses. The subjects of this study were 320 student nurses from two universities and three junior colleges located in Seoul. The data were collected from November 28 to December 10, 1997 by a questionnaire survey method. The instruments for this study were the perceived stress scale developed by Levenstein(1993), ways of coping scale developed by Lazarus and Folkman(1984), and the stress response scale developed by Choi(1991). The data were analyzed by SAS program, using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and ANOVA. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The mean score for the level of perceived stress was 2.55. 2. The mean score for the level of problem oriented coping was 1.61 and the mean score for the level of emotional oriented coping was 1.37. 3. The mean score for the level of stress response was 3.74. Stress was classified into nine factors and the order of scoring for the most frequent was; assignments(3.98), as a nurse(3.97), interpersonal relationship(3.88). 4. The relationship between perceived stress and stress response revealed a positive significant correlation(r=0.23, p=0.0001). 5. The relationship between emotional oriented coping and stress response revealed a positive significant correlation(r=0.22, p=0.0001). 6. The relationship between perceived stress and emotional oriented coping revealed a positive significant correlations(r=0.13, p=0.020). In conclusion, this study revealed that the level of perceived stress and ways of coping were important factors influencing the stress response of student nurses. Therefore, in consideration of perceived stress, ways of coping should be included in the development of a stress management program for student nurses. Further research with an expanded area and subjects is recommended.
Surveys and Questionnaires ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Seoul ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the difference between prevalence and risk factors of the metabolic syndrome(MS) by gender in type2 diabetic patients. METHOD: 108 participants(males 69, females 39) were recruited from the endocrinology outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in an urban city. MS was defined by a third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults(Adult Treatment Panel lll)(ATP lll), and abdominal obesity was determined by Asia-Pacific criteria in waist circumference. RESULTS: The prevalence of MS by definition of NCEP-ATPlll and the Asia-Pacific criteria in waist circumference was 39.3% in males and 66.7% in females type2 diabetic patients. The abdominal obesity prevalence was seen in 44.9% of males and in 79.5% of females patients. The prevalence of low HDL-cholesterolemia in serum was 26.2% in male, 52.8% in female type2 diabetic patients. CONCLUSION: These results show that nurses should focus on female diabetic patients for preventing MS.
Cholesterol ; Education ; Endocrinology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity, Abdominal ; Outpatients ; Prevalence* ; Risk Factors* ; Tertiary Healthcare ; Waist Circumference

No abstract available.
Hematoma*

No abstract available.
Reye Syndrome*