PURPOSE: In most emergency department (ED), sedation is required before carrying out an invasive procedure on a pediatric patient. In the ED setting, it is essential to determine the optimal dose and administration route of CH for successful sedation. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal dose of CH for an invasive procedure and to examine the effectiveness of the drug's different administration routes. Furthermore, in this study, we performed simple survey using questionnaire which composed of Likert-scale to evaluate satisfaction of medical staffs in ED with administration routes. METHODS: This study was conducted prospectively. The study participants were pediatric patients under 8 years old who visited the ED in two tertiary hospitals in South Korea within a period of 12 months. RESULTS: Overall, 300 patients were included in this study. The age, sex, and weight of the patients were not shown to influence the sedation time. Chloral hydrate dosage is the independent factor to influence the both sedation and discharge time (p<0.01). In the comparison of the groups, groups 1, 2, and 5 showed no significant difference. On the other hand, groups 3 and 4 were shown to be statistically significantly different from group 1. CONCLUSION: Up to 100 mg/kg CH is safe to use in the emergency department for pediatric patients, but the initial dose of 50 mg/kg for oral administration should be considered in advance because it can provide safe and effective sedation with a lower possibility of causing an adverse effect.
Administration, Oral ; Chloral Hydrate* ; Deep Sedation ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hand ; Humans ; Korea ; Medical Staff ; Prospective Studies ; Tertiary Care Centers

No abstract available.
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated* ; Doxorubicin

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the level of problem drinking and assess factors that influence problem drinking in Korean college women. METHODS: The participants were 500 students who took part in a self-administered online survey. AUDIT, BDI-II, AES, PSS, and PES were included in the survey used in this study. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistic, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. RESULTS: The average score for AUDIT was 8.98±6.38 and the proportion of the problem drinking was 50.8%. Significant factors that influenced problem drinking were depression, alcohol expectations, age of first drink and family income. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study suggest that the need to develop nursing intervention programs for early prevention of excessive alcohol use and recovery for college women who have a drinking problem.
Depression ; Drinking* ; Female ; Humans ; Nursing

Synovial sarcoma occurring in the pleura and lung is extremely rare. We report a case of pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma as a second malignant neoplasm. The patient had been diagnosed with acute myelomonocytic leukemia at 5 years of age, and received matched sibling donor allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, with total body irradiation and cyclophosphamide conditioning. At 22 years of age, he complained of worsening chest discomfort and exertional dyspnea. Chest CT revealed a huge mass in the right middle lobe, pleura, and diaphragm. The patient was initially diagnosed as sarcomatoid malignant mesothelioma, without any environmental or occupational asbestos exposure. Five months later, the patient presented with soft tissue metastasis and underwent needle biopsy. Pathological examination including SYT-SSX RT-PCR revealed synovial sarcoma, which led to a review of the original tumor findings and confirmed the diagnosis of pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma.To the best of our knowledge, our patient is the first case of pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma developed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Synovial sarcoma occurring in the pleura and lung is extremely rare. We report a case of pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma as a second malignant neoplasm. The patient had been diagnosed with acute myelomonocytic leukemia at 5 years of age, and received matched sibling donor allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, with total body irradiation and cyclophosphamide conditioning. At 22 years of age, he complained of worsening chest discomfort and exertional dyspnea. Chest CT revealed a huge mass in the right middle lobe, pleura, and diaphragm. The patient was initially diagnosed as sarcomatoid malignant mesothelioma, without any environmental or occupational asbestos exposure. Five months later, the patient presented with soft tissue metastasis and underwent needle biopsy. Pathological examination including SYT-SSX RT-PCR revealed synovial sarcoma, which led to a review of the original tumor findings and confirmed the diagnosis of pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma.To the best of our knowledge, our patient is the first case of pleuropulmonary synovial sarcoma developed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

The clinical and pathological features of warty dyskeratoma are presented. Warty dyskeratoma is a rarely encountered, solitary, benign cutaneous tumor occurring most often on the head and neck and to our knowledge, no cases associated with cutaneous horn have been published in western literature. We experienced a case of warty dyskeratoma with a cutaneous horn occurring in a 70-year-old male, who had a 1.3 cm-sized and slowly growing nodule on his neck. A brief review of the literature, was made especially in relation to the pathological findings and histogenesis of warty dyskeratoma.
Aged ; Animals ; Head ; Horns* ; Humans ; Male ; Neck

BACKGROUND: Many Korean primary care physicians seem to be unfamiliar with symptoms and signs of Parkinson's disease (PD). We therefore investigated the status of Korean patients with PD before receiving a correct diagnosis of PD. METHODS: Using a questionnaire, we interviewed 102 patients with PD and their main care givers. The questionnaire included age at onset, first visiting medical facilities, time interval between the first visit and the correct diagnosis, and medical expenses. We also studied patients' and their main care givers' period of school education and monthly income. RESULTS: 102 (51 men, 51 women) patients with PD were included. Their mean age at the inquiry was 64.1 years old. For their first medical facilities, oriental medicine was chosen in 47 patients (46.1%), university hospitals in26 (25.5%), general hospitals in 14 (13.7%), private clinics in 11 (10.8%), and paramedical facilities in 4 (3.9%). The clinical diagnoses were not told in 48 (47.1%), stroke in 27 (26.5%), PD in 17 (16.7%), disc herniation in 4 (3.9%), arthritis in 4 (3.9%), and others in 2 (2%). It took the mean of 23.4 months from the first visit to the diagnosis of PD. PD patients with main care-givers making less money visited more numbers of medical facilities until they were diagnosed correctly. There was a negative correlation between the period of school education and medical expenses. CONCLUSIONS: To prevent unnecessary medical expenses and physical damage of Korean patients with PD, more education about PD for primary care physicians and medical students must be considered.
Arthritis ; Caregivers ; Diagnosis* ; Education ; Hospitals, General ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Parkinson Disease* ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Stroke ; Students, Medical

The syndrome of ectopic production of ACTH by non-pituitary neoplasm occur with various types of tu#rnors. Pheochromocytoma is a rare, but one of the important causes of this syndrome. Recently we experienced a 36-year-old male patient with ACTH-producing pheochromocytoma. After left adrenalectomy, serum ACTH level retumed to the normal range. The patient became normotensive without antihypertensive agents and hyperglycemia resolved and insulin therapy was discontinued. Secretion of ACTH was confirmed by immunohistochemical stain.
ACTH Syndrome, Ectopic* ; Adrenalectomy ; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; Adult ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Insulin ; Male ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Reference Values

BACKGROUND: There is a substantial evidence that anatomical connections and functional interactions exist between vestibular and autonomic systems. The nature of these interactions, however, is complex and has not been fully defined. Heart rate variability (HRV) was used to investigate the physiological role of the vestibular system on control of heart rate. METHODS: HRV including mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CV), power spectrum was analyzed from R-R intervals of ECG during vestibular stimulation in rabbits. RESULTS: Urethane anesthesia increased heart rate and maintained regular R-R intervals, however, low frequency region/high frequency region (LF/HF) was not changed. In anesthetized rabbits, electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve decreased heart rate and decreased LF/HF by increasing HF. On the contrary, electrical stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve increased heart rate and increased LF/HF by increasing LF. Atropine, cholinergic blocker, increased heart rate and increased LF/HF by reducing HF, and propranolol, beta-adrenergic blocker, decreased heart rate and decreased LF/HF by reducing LF. In unanesthetized rabbits, stimulation of the vestibular system induced by rotation or caloric increased heart rate and increased LF/HF by increasing LF. Also electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve produced the same effects as rotation or caloric in anesthetized rabbits. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that stimulation of the vestibular system increased heart rate not by inhibiting the parasympathetic nerve but by activating the sympathetic nerve.
Anesthesia ; Atropine ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Propranolol ; Rabbits* ; Urethane ; Vagus Nerve ; Vestibular Nerve

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the impacts of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination-related health belief, attitudes toward HPV vaccination, and subjective norms on HPV vaccination intent targeting mothers of elementary school daughters. METHODS: The study use a correlative survey design. The subjects of the study were 121 mothers of elementary school daughters located in metropolitan city B. All subjects agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected from September 1 to October 18, 2018, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Independent t-test, ANOVA with a post hoc Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Attitude toward HPV vaccination, subjective norms, vaccination plans for their children, and mother's vaccination status were significant factors influencing HPV vaccination intention. These factors accounted for 72% of the HPV vaccination intention. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that factors affecting the intention of mothers of elementary school daughters to vaccinate against HPV were HPV vaccination attitudes, subjective norms, vaccination plans for their children, and mother's vaccination status. The biggest influencing factor was HPV vaccination attitudes. Therefore, in order to encourage mothers of elementary school daughters to vaccinate against HPVs, national-level policies should be implemented to create a social atmosphere of positive attitudes toward HPV vaccinations that also emphasizes how easy it is to get vaccinated against HPV. Based on this, mothers of elementary school daughters should be encouraged to have them vaccinated against HPV, thus contributing to improving the HPV vaccination rates of elementary school girls.
Atmosphere ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Intention ; Mothers ; Nuclear Family ; Social Norms ; Vaccination