Upper limb length discrepancy is a rare occurrence. Humerus shortening may need specialized treatment to restore the functional and cosmetic status of upper limb. We report a case of humerus lengthening of 9 cm with a monorail external fixator and the result was observed during a 2-year follow-up. Humerus lengthening needs specialized focus as it is not only a cosmetic issue but also a functional demand. The monorail unilateral fixator is more functional and cosmetically acceptable, and thus becomes an effective treatment option.
Adult ; Bone Lengthening ; instrumentation ; External Fixators ; Female ; Humans ; Humerus ; physiology ; surgery ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Surgery, Plastic ; instrumentation

Posterior dislocation of the shoulder may be missed or neglected at initial presentation especially in developing countries. We present a case of 40-year-old Indian man who had 3-month missed posterior dislocation of the right shoulder along with malunited fracture of the anatomical neck of the humerus. Open reduction and stabilization with modified McLaughlin procedure was performed. Rotational osteotomy of proximal humerus had to be performed as supplementary procedure to keep the humeral head stable in glenoid cavity during functional range of movements. The patient had excellent result of the shoulder at 3 years follow-up.
Humans ; Humerus ; Osteotomy ; Shoulder Dislocation ; surgery ; Shoulder Fractures ; surgery

Chorea/etiology* ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis* ; Phototherapy

Purpose::Common peroneal nerve palsy is quite disabling and every effort should be made to prevent its injury during the treatment.Methods::We retrospectively reviewed the prospectively collected data of 7 cases of tibial plateau fractures in association with proximal fibula fracture from January 2019 to September 2019 who presented to emergency room of our hospital.Results::In addition to fibular neck fracture, the first case had type 6 tibial plateau displaced fracture and the second case had displaced acetabular fracture with instability of knee with tibial tuberosity avulsion. common peroneal nerve palsy developed following application of distal tibial skeletal traction in both the cases. Other 6 such cases remained neurologically intact as traction was not applied to them.Conclusion::Such iatrogenic complication could have been prevented if the injury pattern of "concomitant medial and lateral columns" of the proximal leg is kept in mind by the treating surgeon before applying skeletal traction.

PURPOSE: Diabetes and periodontal disease are two common diseases with high prevalence rates. Recent evidence has shown a bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. METHODS: Sixty subjects aged 35-45 years with blood sugar controlled by oral hypoglycaemic agents were randomly divided equally among 3 groups: group A (scaling, mouthwash, and brushing), group B (mouthwash and brushing), and group C (brushing only). Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and the relevant drug history were recorded at baseline and after 3 months of intervention. Comparison of the mean difference among the variables was performed by parametric and nonparametric tests, which were further evaluated using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean differences between the PPD, FBS, HbA1c, GI, and PI in groups A and B were found to be statistically significant (P<0.001). Multiple regression analysis in group A showed that out of all the independent variables, GI and frequency of drug administration independently (b=0.3761 and b=0.598) showed a significantly greater impact on HbA1c (R2=0.832, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Nonsurgical periodontal therapy can effectively decrease HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on medication.
Aged ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Fasting ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Periodontal Debridement ; Periodontal Diseases ; Periodontal Index ; Periodontitis ; Prevalence ; Tuberculin

Simultaneous fracture/dislocation of the thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint and dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint is considered as a rare injury pattern. We report an unusual case of dorsal dislocation of MCP joint of the thumb associated with extraarticular fracture of the base of the first metacarpal in a 28-year-old man. The dislocation of MCP joint had been missed during initial presentation at a peripheral centre. The patient made an uneventful recovery following open reduction and fixation with 1.25 mm Kirschner wire of the MCP joint along with repair of the ulnar collateral ligament. This injury pattern has not been previously reported to the best of our knowledge in the English-language based medical literature.
Accidental Falls ; Adult ; Bone Wires ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Male ; Metacarpophalangeal Joint ; injuries ; surgery ; Orthopedic Procedures ; methods ; Thumb ; injuries ; surgery

Open anterior dislocation of the hip is a very rare injury, especially in adults. It is a hyperabduction, external rotation and extension injury. Its combination with open posterior dislocation of the elbow has not been described in English language-based medical literature. Primary resuscitation, debridement, urgent reduction of dislocation, and adequate antibiotic support resulted in good clinical outcome in our patient. At 18 months follow-up, no signs of avascular necrosis of the femoral head or infection were observed.
Accidents, Traffic ; Elbow Joint ; injuries ; Hip Dislocation ; complications ; pathology ; Humans ; Joint Dislocations ; complications ; Male ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; complications ; Young Adult

The Functional endoscopic sinus surgery through transnasal approach is a common modality of treatment for disorders of the nasal cavity, paranasal air sinuses as well as cranial cavity. The olfactory fossa (OF) is located along the superior aspect of cribriform plate which varies in shape and depth. This variable measurement of the depth of OF is mostly responsible for greater risk of intracranial infiltration during endoscopic procedures in and around the nasal cavity. The morphology of frontal and ethmoid sinus (ES) vary from simple to complex. This cadaveric study is planned to improve the ability of the otolaryngologist, radiologist to understand the possible morphological variations and plan steps of less invasive “precision surgery” to have a safe and complication free procedures. A total of 37 human head regions were included in the study. For classification of OF, Modified Kero’s classification was used. The size, shape and cells of frontal and ES were noted.We found, type II (60.8%) OF was more common followed by type I (29.7%) than type III (9.5%). The shape of frontal sinus was comma shaped (55.4%) followed by oval (18.9%) than irregular (16.2%). Most common two cells type of ES was seen in 50.0% of both anterior and posterior ES. Out of 74 ES, 8.1% of Onodi cells and 14.9% of agger nasi cells were seen.

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of a large sinus Haller cell that presented with chronic rhinosinusitis and proptosis and its surgical management.
METHODS:
Design: Case Report
Setting: Tertiary Government Hospital
Patient: One
RESULTS: A 34-year-old lady with proptosis and secondary sinusitis due to a giant infected Haller cell was successfully treated by lateral rhinotomy approach and clearance of all diseased mucosa therein into the nasal cavity.
CONCLUSION: Approach to diseased sinonasal structures via lateral rhinotomy is an alternative to endoscopic sinus surgery in the presence of an unusually large Haller cell.

Human ; Female ; Adult ; Nasal Cavity ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Sinusitis ; Endoscopy ; Nose ; Exophthalmos ; Mucous Membrane

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a major health concern in current scenario which has been found to affect people of almost all ages. The disease has huge impact on global health; therefore, alternate methods apart from insulin injection are being explored to cure diabetes. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on the current status and therapeutic potential of stem cells mainly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for Type 1 diabetes mellitus in preclinical animal models as well as humans. METHODS: Current treatment for Type 1 diabetes mellitus mainly includes use of insulin which has its own limitations and also the underlying mechanism of diseases is still not explored. Therefore, alternate methods to cure diabetes are being explored. Stem cells are being investigated as an alternative therapy for treatment of various diseases including diabetes. Few preclinical studies have also been conducted using undifferentiated MSCs as well as in vitro MSCs differentiated into β islet cells. RESULTS: These stem cell transplant studies have highlighted the benefits of MSCs, which have shown promising results. Few human trials using stem cells have also affirmed the potential of these cells in alleviating the symptoms. CONCLUSION: Stem cell transplantation may prove to be a safe and effective treatment for patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Bone Marrow ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Global Health ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Insulin ; Islets of Langerhans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; Models, Animal ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells*