Objective:To compare the difference between clinical diagnosis and forensic pathologic diagnosis in 147 pediatric autopsy cases.Methods:147 cases of pediatric death related to medical tangle,were autopsied by the department of forensic medicine of Chongqing medical university during 1988-2008.Statistics data including sex,age,the rank of hospital,clinical diagnosis,autopsy diagnosis,treatment time,and distribution of disease were analyzed.Results:The cases of complete coincidence between clinical diagnosis and forensic pathologic diagnosis were 45(30.6%),the cases of discordant coincidence were 32(21.8%),the cases of part coincidence were 42(28.6%),and there were 28 cases(19%)of undefinite diagnoses.The main causes of death was pneumonia.The highest misdiagnosis rate were the disease of cardiovascular system and nervous system,meanwhile the most frequently misdiagnosed diseases were myocarditis,tuberculosis and typhoid fever.Conclusion:Autopsy is one of the most objective evidence for medical tangle.It is also an important means to promote medical advances and improve the levels of clinical diagnosis and treatment.The autopsy will be improved actively.

Objective To establish multiple short tandem repeat (STR) amplification by fluorescence labeling polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for monitoring the effect of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation .Methods Sixty‐five patients were analyzed .DNA from peripheral blood of donors and recipients in pre transplantation and post transplantation were extracted , 15 STR loci and sexual loci were amplified by PCR .Results After allo‐HSCT ,54 patients obtained type of donors ,but 3 patients did not ;eight patients showed mixed chimerism .Two cases of type of donor converted into mixed chimerism and two cases of mixed chimerism converted into type of donors after some time .The time of earliest detection ,duration and transformation of each state was different .The earliest detection showed on the 16th day after surgery ,and the last one showed five months later .As to the du‐ration ,the shortest and longest were two months and seven months ,respectively .Conclusion The key factors that significantly in‐fluence the application of STR‐PCR in monitoring the effect of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were samples ,STR loci and proper monitoring time .So to establish the suitable method for this region could truly take maximum advantage of the PCR‐STR method .While a appropriate detecting time and STR loci should be chose .

Objective To compare the clinical diagnoses with autopsy findings and evaluate the frequency of misdiagnosis.Methods The findings of 356 cases who were autopsied in our department due to medical treatment dispute during the period of 1988 to 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical diagnosis and autopsy findings,sex and age of the death,length of hospitalization,the hospital department,distribution of death disease and the rank of hospital were analyzed.The concordance between diagnosis before death and at autopsy was calculated.Results In 162 cases(45.5%),the autopsy findings confirmed the clinical diagnosis.In 101 cases(28.4%),the clinical diagnosis suggested by clinicians were discordant with the autopsy findings.In 63 cases(17.7%),some diagnoses made by clinicians were proved by autopsy,and in 30 cases(8.4%),the clinical and postmortem diagnosis were beyond comparison.The most frequently misdiagnosed diseases were from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases,and among them,cardiomyopathy,aortic atherosclerosis and pneumonia were most common.Conclusion Autopsy is not only helpful for the management of medical dispute,but also beneficial to reduce the misdiagnosis in clinical practice.

Objective To study the effects of 4 1BBL on antitumor immunity induced in vivo by murine 4 1BBL gene transfected hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hepa1 6. Methods Eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3 1(+) m4 1BBL was transfered into murine hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hepa1 6 via lipofectamine method. The transfected cells were selected in RPMI1640 containing G418(400～800 ?g/ml) and termed as Hepa1 6 m4 1BBL.The TCV m4 1BBL was obtained by treating with mitomycin (MMC). Three models (immunological model, early model, and later model) were established for the study of anticancer effects of TCV m4 1BBL. Results The syngeneic mice were completely protected and could survive free from tumor for a long period by inoculation with TCV 4 1BBL. In early models, TCV 4 1BBL showed strong immunotherapy effects( P 0 05). Conclusion The antitumor effect against syngeneic murine hepatocellular carcinoma cell line in vivo is significantly enhanced by the treatment with TCV 4-1BBL.

Objective: To investigate the effect of Plantago asiatica L. on antioxidation in rats. Methods: The antioxidative enzymes and LPO of serum, heart, and liver tissues were determined. Results: The activities of superoxide (SOD) in serum and heart were significantly lower than that of the control. The lipid peroxide (LPO) level in serum and heart was markedly higher than that of the control. Serum and liver catalase (CAT) activities in rats fed with high fat were decreased. Activities of liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) in high fat rats were decreased significantly. The production of SOD activities in serum and liver and GSH Px in liver were increased significantly in rats maintained on Plantago asiatica L. supplemented diets, meanwhile serum and heart LPO were reduced. Conclusion: 15g/kg Plantago asiatica L. can increase the antioxidation against lipid peroxide in hyperlipidemic rats.

Continuous drug monitoring is a promising alternative to current therapeutic drug monitoring strategies and has a strong potential to reshape our understanding of pharmacokinetic variability and to improve individualised therapy.This review highlights recent advances in biosensing technologies that support continuous drug monitoring in real time.We focus primarily on aptamer-based biosensors,wearable and implantable devices.Emphasis is given to the approaches employed in constructing biosensors.We pay attention to sensors'biocompatibility,calibration performance,long-term characteristics stability and measurement quality.Last,we discuss the current challenges and issues to be addressed in continuous drug monitoring to make it a promising,future tool for individualised therapy.The ongoing efforts are expected to result in fully integrated implantable drug biosensing technology.Thus,we may anticipate an era of advanced healthcare in which wearable and implantable biochips will automatically adjust drug dosing in response to patient health conditions,thus enabling the management of diseases and enhancing individualised therapy.

Aim To investigate the effect of Ding''s herb enema prescription on intestinal tissue related target in rat colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS), and to elucidate the mechanism of Ding''s herb enema prescription in improving the intestinal inflammation and intestinal fibrosis.Methods Rats were fed with 3.5％ DSS.The rats were randomly divided into positive drug group, model group, Control group, and Ding''s herb enema prescription group.The positive drug group was treated with mesalazine enema, and Ding''s herb enema prescription group was treated with Ding''s herb enema prescription.The colon mucosa was taken once a day for 6 weeks.The changes of intestinal inflammatory response and intestinal fibrosis related proteins were detected by GSR-CAA-67 antibody protein array, and the differentially expressed proteins were screened out.Results Eight proteins showed statistical differences, including IFN-γ, erythropoietin(EPO), TIMP-2, TIM-1, IL-6, TIMP-1, TNF-α, IL-22 (P<0.05).On the other hand, Ding''s herb enema prescription and mesalazine significantly antagonized the effect of IL-6 and TIMP-1 (P<0.05).The antagonized effect of Ding''s embolization enema on TNF-α and IL-22 was also significant(P<0.05), but mesalazine had no similar effect (P>0.05).Conclusions Ding''s herb enema prescription has the effect of multiple targets, which may improve the intestinal inflammatory response and intestinal fibrosis to achieve the purpose of treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).

Objective:To study the influence of different culture conditions on charcic and inhibition activity of nature killer cells ( NK) ,whether to join the modified K562 cells with IL-6 cytokine.Methods:According to the 5′end of the human IL-6 cDNA sequence,PCR primers designed to amplificate,express and transfect K562 cells cDNA library as a template for DNA.Genetic modified K562 cells as stimulating cells were prepared by expressing IL-6.To extract peripheral blood mononuclear cells( PBMC) from human peripheral blood.PBMC were explanted by genetic modified K562 stimulated.The expansion was initiated by CO-culture of PBMC and irradiate genetic modified K562 cell.The number of NK cell increased by directed induced generation of genetic modified K562 cell.Immunophenotypic analysis of NK cell surface markers was performed by flow cytometry (FCM).51Cr release assay was employed to measure the specific lysis skilling of NK cell target K562 cells.Results:We have constracted genetic modified K562 cells by genetic engineering.As stimulated cell added into the PBMC,an average of 760 ±18 fold expansion of CD56+CD16+CD3-cells was observed after 3 weeks of co-culture system.The NK cells population could proliferated more 91%±2% after expansion comparing with 6%± 0.4%in PBMC before expansion by FCM.The cytotoxical activity of NK cells which was induced by genetic modified K562 cell was the strongest than induced by IL-6 cytokine alone.The expanded NK cells lysed 92%±2% of K562 targets in a 5∶1 effector to target ratio.In this case,the NK cells induced by genetic modified K562 cells against tumor cells was more lethal.Conclusion:PBMC based in vitro expansion of natural killer cells was set up by genetic modified K562 cells.The cytotoxicity of NK cells was the strongest induced by genetic modified K562 cell treated.These results had important guiding significance for the the NK large number of amplification and used in clinical.

Objective To analyze the HLA-A ,B and DRB1 alleles high-resolution polymorphism in Chongqing Han population . Methods The PCR-SSOP and PCR-SBT methods were applied for the HLA high-resolution genotyping of 2 067 unrelated healthy donors in the registry of Chongqing branch of Chinese National Marrow Donor Program (CMDP) .The allele frequencies of HLA-A , B and DRB1 were estimated by the direct counting method and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium inspection was performed by using the Arlequin software 3 .1 .Results 168 high-resolution alleles were detected out ,in which 42 alleles of A*11 :01 ,A*24:02 ,A*02:07 ,A*02 :01 and A*33:03 at the HLA-A locus were observed with the frequencies greater than 0 .05 ;81 alleles were detected at HLA-B locus ,including B*46 :01 ,B*40:01 ,B*58 :01 ,B*13 :01 and B*15 :02 with the frequencies greater than 0 .05 ;45 al-leles of DRB1*09:01 ,DRB1*15 :01 ,DRB1*12 :02 ,DRB1*08 :03 and DRB1*11 :01 at the HLA-DR locus were observed with the frequencies greater than 0 .05 .Conclusion The data of the HLA-A ,B and DRB1allelic frequencies at high-resolution level in Chongqing Han population are obtained ,which provides the reliable reference data for the studies of anthropology ,forensic medi-cine ,transplantation matching and disease association .

Objective: To study the therapeutic value of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided hepaticogastrostomy(EUS-HG) for patients with high malignant biliary obstructive jaundice. Methods: A total of 56 patients with high malignant obstructive jaundice hospitalized at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2014 to December 2017 were included in the study. There were 29 males and 27 females with median age of 72 (60-82) years. Patients were randomized into two groups according to the random number table, the EUS-HG group (n=20) treated with EUS-HG and the percuteneous transhepatic cholangiodrainge(PTCD) group (n=36) treated with PTCD. The operative success rate, curative effect, complications and operation cost were compared between the two groups, and the median unblock period of plastic double pig tail stent was observed. Results: (1)The success rates were 100% in both groups. (2) Preoperative and one-month postoperative levels of the following were tested and compared. Levels of total bilirubin were 362.15±138.27 μmol/L, 56.85±28.57 μmol/L in the EUS-HG group and 356.47±130.69 μmol/L, 60.93±25.79 μmol/L in the PTCD group, respectively. Levels of alkaline phosphatase were 896.57±357.29 U/L, 146.59±48.63 U/L in the EUS-HG group and 883.65±364.32 U/L, 151.57±49.73 U/L in the PTCD group, respectively. Levels of alanine aminotransferase were 252.36±38.77 U/L, 60.29±31.57 U/L in the EUS-HG group and 246.26±32.57 U/L, 62.56±32.87 U/L in the PTCD group. Levels of aspartate aminotransferase were 259.37±30.64 U/L, 62.28±26.58 U/L in the EUS-HG group and 242.37±29.52 U/L, 60.28±29.57 U/L in the PTCD group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0. 05). CRP levels were 52.57±31.95 mg/L, 16.95±8.77 mg/L in the EUS-HG group and 53.42±35.79 mg/L, 25.13±14.77 mg/L in the PTCD group (P<0.05). (3)There was significant difference in remission rate of anorexia and abdominal distension between the two groups [80.0%(16/20) VS 52.8%(19/36), P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in symptom relief of jaundice, pruritus or abdominal pain between the two groups [90.0%(18 /20)VS 91.7%(33/36), P>0.05]. (4) The incidence of total complications in the EUS-HG group (20.0%, 4/20) was significantly lower than that in the PTCD group (47.2%, 17/36, P<0.05). (5)The cost of operation in the EUS-HG group (22 685.26±2 356.16 yuan) was slightly higher than that in the PTCD group (20 529.57±4 135.63 yuan, P>0.05). (6) The median unblock period of double pig tail plastic stents in EUS-HG group patients was 102 days. Conclusion EUS-HG is a safe and effective method for the treatment of high malignant biliary obstructive jaundice. It can be used as the first choice for treatment after failure of conventional ERCP.