In Japan problems of the pediatric emergency-care system have recently increased the needs of consultation to deal with the growing anxiety of parents about how to raise their children and have decreased the number of pediatricians. We believe that one solution is to make pediatric primary care a required part of postgraduate clinical training and thereby increase the ability of nonpediatricians to provide pediatric primary care and to support the care of children. We hope that postgraduate clinical training programs will be reformed so that physicians of all departments can contribute to improving pediatric primary care.