The Expert Consensus on Clinical Application of Qinbaohong Zhike Oral Liquid in Treatment of Acute Bronchitis and Acute Attack of Chronic Bronchitis （GS/CACM 337-2023） was released by the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 13^th， 2023. This expert consensus was developed by experts in methodology， pharmacy， and Chinese medicine in strict accordance with the development requirements of the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） and based on the latest medical evidence and the clinical medication experience of well-known experts in the fields of respiratory medicine （pulmonary diseases） and pediatrics. This expert consensus defines the application of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid in the treatment of cough and excessive sputum caused by phlegm-heat obstructing lung， acute bronchitis， and acute attack of chronic bronchitis from the aspects of applicable populations， efficacy evaluation， usage， dosage， drug combination， and safety. It is expected to guide the rational drug use in medical and health institutions， give full play to the unique value of Qinbaohong Zhike oral liquid， and vigorously promote the inheritance and innovation of Chinese patent medicines.

Objective:To investigate parents′ knowledge and attitude toward post-operative pain management in pediatric orthopedics and analyze influencing factors.Methods:A total of 170 parents of 6 to 16 years old children who underwent selective surgeries and were hospitalized because of limb fracture were conveniently selected in Children′s Hospital of Soochow University from April to December in 2019, They were investigated using the general data questionnaire, Pain Management Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire.Results:There were 167 parents completed questionnaires in our study. The mean score of parents′ knowledge, general attitude and negative attitude to pain medication were 15.0(3.00), 24.0(4.00) and 17.0(3.00) respectively. There were statistical differences between different educational levels of parents′ knowledge ( χ2 value was11.599, P=0.021), as well as different age of parent′s general attitude ( χ2 value was 7.053, P=0.029). Spearman-related results showed that parents′ cognition was positively correlated with general attitudes ( r value was 0.394, P<0.01). Conclusions:The majority of parents are at moderate to high level of knowledge, general attitude and negative attitude to pain medication. Pediatric nurses should pay more attention to parents′ knowledge deficit of and negative attitude toward pain assessment tools and pain-drugs to develop targeted educational intervention programs for promoting parental involvement.

AIM: To study the bioequivalence of two tadalafil tablets in Chinese healthy male subjects. METHODS: A randomized, open-label, two-period, two-sequence, crossover study designing was adopted in the study. Thirty-six healthy male subjects were enrolled under fasting condition and fed condition, respectively. Each subject was given a single oral dose of tadalafil tablet (20 mg). The concentration of tadalafil in plasma was determined by LC-MS/MS. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by WinNonlin 8.0 program, and statistical analysis was performed by using SAS 9.4 statistics software. RESULTS: Under fasting condition, the pharmacokinetic parameters of tadalafil of the test (T) and reference (R) preparation were as follows: C

Objective To investigate the characteristics of liver tissue pathology and immunohistochemistry in HBeAg negative hepatitis B virus infection and provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment.Methods Liv-er biopsy was carried out on the 63 HBeAg negative HBV infections,then liver tissue inflammation,fibrosis and immu-nohistochemistry were detected.Results In HBeAg negative and HBV DNA negative patients,both the male and female,ALT normal and mildly abnormal group had no significant difference in liver inflammation and fibrosis(all P >0.05).Among the patients with fibrosis stage ≥S2,the ratio(30 /41,73.2%)of patients above 30 years old was higher than that below 30 years old (6 /14,46.2%)(P =0.041).There were no differences in liver tissue inflamma-tion(5 /34,14.7% vs.9 /29,31.0%)and fibrosis (8 /34,23.5% vs.8 /29,27.6%)between HBV DNA negative group and HBV DNA positive patients(all P >0.05).Only 2 cases of HBcAg positive in those 63 cases of liver tissue immunohistochemistry.Conclusion The liver tissues of HBeAg negative HBV DNA negative or positive patients have obvious liver inflammation and fibrosis,and the necessary treatment measures should be taken.HBcAg positive is extremely low in those liver tissue immunohistochemistry,which lead to the pathogenesis of liver inflammation needs further research.

Objective:To establish a method for the separation and determination of ketoprofen enantiomer .Methods:A pre-col-umn derivation RP-HPLC method was used with L-alanine-β-naphthylamine ( L-Ala-β-NA) as the derivation reagent .The RP-HPLC conditions were as follows: a Hypersil ODS-2 column (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm) was applied, the mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.025 mol· L-1 phosphate buffer solution (40∶60, v/v) and the flow rate was 1.0 ml· min-1 , the detection wavelength was set at 245 nm and the column temperature was 25℃.The injection volume was 10μl.Results:Base line separation was achieved for the sep-aration of enantiomer from ketoprofen , and the retention time for S-(+) -ketoprofen and the R-(-) -ketoprofen was 24.2 min and 26.0 min, respectively.Dexketoprofen within the range of 0.025-0.125 mg had a good linear relationship (r=0.998 1) and the aver-age recovery was 90.93%(RSD =4.10%, n=9 ).Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate and reliable, which can be applied in the separation and determination of ketoprofen .

OBJECTIVETo explore the changes in HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load and their correlation in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and HBV-related liver cirrhosis (HBV-LC).

METHODSForty-six patients with mild to moderate CHB (CHB-LM), 24 patients with severe CHB (CHB-S), and 28 patients with HBV-LC at admission, and 51 patients with HBV-LC at 4.08 ± 3.06 months during antiviral treatment were tested for serum HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load using Abbott chemiluminescence and fluorescence quantitative PCR, respectively.

RESULTSThe serum HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load gradually decreased with increased disease severity (from CHB-LM, CHB-S to HBV-LC; χ(2)=12.537 and 8.381, respectively, P<0.05). HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load were significantly higher in CHB-LM and CHB-S groups than in HBV-LC group (P<0.05), but comparable between CHB-LM and CHB-S groups (Z=-0.649 and 0.032, respectively, P>0.05). Among HBeAg-positive patients, HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load tended to decrease with increased disease severity (from CHB-LM, CHB-S to HBV-LC; χ(2)=6.146, P=0.046 and χ(2)=1.017, P>0.05; respectively), and CHB-LM group had significantly higher HBsAg titer than HBV-LC group (Z=-2.247, P=0.025). Among the HBeAg-negative patients, serum HBsAg and HBV DNA load gradually declined with the disease severity (χ(2)=8.660 and 13.581, respectively, P<0.05), and were obviously higher in CHB-LM and CHB-S groups than in HBV-LC group (P<0.05). Positive correlations were found between serum HBsAg and HBV DNA levels in CHB-LM (r=0.389, P=0.009) and HBV-LC groups (r=0.431, P=0.022), but not in CHB-S group (r=0.348, P=0.104). After antiviral therapy, the serum HBsAg titer was slightly decreased (Z=-1.050, P=0.294) while HBV DNA load markedly reduced (Z=-5.415, P<0.001), showing no correlation between them (r=0.241, P=0.111) or between the measurements before and after treatment (r=0.257, P=0.085).

CONCLUSIONSerum HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load decreases progressively from CHB-LM to CHB-S and HBV-LC in both HBeAg- positive and -negative patients. The serum HBsAg titer is positively correlated with HBV DNA load, but their levels are not consistently parallel.

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; virology ; Viral Load

Objective To explore the changes in HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load and their correlation in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and HBV-related liver cirrhosis (HBV-LC). Methods Forty-six patients with mild to moderate CHB (CHB-LM), 24 patients with severe CHB (CHB-S), and 28 patients with HBV-LC at admission, and 51 patients with HBV-LC at 4.08± 3.06 months during antiviral treatment were tested for serum HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load using Abbott chemiluminescence and fluorescence quantitative PCR, respectively. Results The serum HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load gradually decreased with increased disease severity (from CHB-LM, CHB-S to HBV-LC;χ2=12.537 and 8.381, respectively, P<0.05). HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load were significantly higher in CHB-LM and CHB-S groups than in HBV-LC group (P<0.05), but comparable between CHB-LM and CHB-S groups (Z=-0.649 and 0.032, respectively, P>0.05). Among HBeAg-positive patients, HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load tended to decrease with increased disease severity (from CHB-LM, CHB-S to HBV-LC;χ2=6.146, P=0.046 andχ2=1.017, P>0.05;respectively), and CHB-LM group had significantly higher HBsAg titer than HBV-LC group (Z=-2.247, P=0.025). Among the HBeAg-negative patients, serum HBsAg and HBV DNA load gradually declined with the disease severity (χ2=8.660 and 13.581, respectively, P<0.05), and were obviously higher in CHB-LM and CHB-S groups than in HBV-LC group (P<0.05). Positive correlations were found between serum HBsAg and HBV DNA levels in CHB-LM (r=0.389, P=0.009) and HBV-LC groups (r=0.431, P=0.022), but not in CHB-S group (r=0.348, P=0.104). After antiviral therapy, the serum HBsAg titer was slightly decreased (Z=-1.050, P=0.294) while HBV DNA load markedly reduced (Z=-5.415, P<0.001), showing no correlation between them (r=0.241, P=0.111) or between the measurements before and after treatment (r=0.257, P=0.085). Conclusion Serum HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load decreases progressively from CHB-LM to CHB-S and HBV-LC in both HBeAg- positive and-negative patients. The serum HBsAg titer is positively correlated with HBV DNA load, but their levels are not consistently parallel.

Objective To explore the changes in HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load and their correlation in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and HBV-related liver cirrhosis (HBV-LC). Methods Forty-six patients with mild to moderate CHB (CHB-LM), 24 patients with severe CHB (CHB-S), and 28 patients with HBV-LC at admission, and 51 patients with HBV-LC at 4.08± 3.06 months during antiviral treatment were tested for serum HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load using Abbott chemiluminescence and fluorescence quantitative PCR, respectively. Results The serum HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load gradually decreased with increased disease severity (from CHB-LM, CHB-S to HBV-LC;χ2=12.537 and 8.381, respectively, P<0.05). HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load were significantly higher in CHB-LM and CHB-S groups than in HBV-LC group (P<0.05), but comparable between CHB-LM and CHB-S groups (Z=-0.649 and 0.032, respectively, P>0.05). Among HBeAg-positive patients, HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load tended to decrease with increased disease severity (from CHB-LM, CHB-S to HBV-LC;χ2=6.146, P=0.046 andχ2=1.017, P>0.05;respectively), and CHB-LM group had significantly higher HBsAg titer than HBV-LC group (Z=-2.247, P=0.025). Among the HBeAg-negative patients, serum HBsAg and HBV DNA load gradually declined with the disease severity (χ2=8.660 and 13.581, respectively, P<0.05), and were obviously higher in CHB-LM and CHB-S groups than in HBV-LC group (P<0.05). Positive correlations were found between serum HBsAg and HBV DNA levels in CHB-LM (r=0.389, P=0.009) and HBV-LC groups (r=0.431, P=0.022), but not in CHB-S group (r=0.348, P=0.104). After antiviral therapy, the serum HBsAg titer was slightly decreased (Z=-1.050, P=0.294) while HBV DNA load markedly reduced (Z=-5.415, P<0.001), showing no correlation between them (r=0.241, P=0.111) or between the measurements before and after treatment (r=0.257, P=0.085). Conclusion Serum HBsAg titer and HBV DNA load decreases progressively from CHB-LM to CHB-S and HBV-LC in both HBeAg- positive and-negative patients. The serum HBsAg titer is positively correlated with HBV DNA load, but their levels are not consistently parallel.

Objective To explore the correlation of serum HBV-DNA load,transaminase(ALT)and total bile acid (TBA)levels with hepatitis B virus (HBV)infection patterns to assess HBV infectivity.Methods The fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect serum HBV-DNA in 308 patients with HBV infection.ELISA was adopted to detect the HBV markers.The continuous mo-nitoring method was adopted to detect serum ALT and the cycling enzymatic method was adopted to detect serum TBA.Results The HBV-DNA content and serum ALT level had staitstical differences among the 3 infection patterns of HBsAb,HBeAg and HB-cAb positive,HBsAg,HBsAb,and HBcAb positive and 1,5 positive (P <0.05),the partial patients with HBeAg negative had the active HBV replication in vivo;HBV-DNA copy number in the patients with HBeAg negative was positively correlated with ALT level (P <0.05).Serum TBA level had no statistical difference among three knds of HBV infection patterns (P >0.05).Conclusion Serum HBV-DNA content and ALT activity have the correlation with the different HBV infection patterns,which could reflect the HBV replication and the infectivity intensity in some extent.

Objective To investigate the effects of cochlear implantation on residual hearing and to evaluate the potential impact of long -term electrical stimulations on residual hearing .Methods 58 hearing impaired children with cochlear implants were included in this study .All subjects could cooperate with behavioral audiometry .Audio-metric evaluations were carried out pre -implantation and 3 ,12 ,24 months post -implantation respectively .Of 58 subjects ,43 were followed up more than 1 year and 17 were followed up more than 2 years .Results All 58 subjects showed significant differences (P<0 .05) between pre- and 3 months post-implantation of residual hearing at the individual frequencies of 0 .25 ,0 .5 ,1 ,2 and 4 kHz .43 subjects followed up more than 1 year showed statistic differences (P<0 .05) between pre- and 3 months post -implantation ,pre- and 12 months post-implantation at 0 .25 ,0 .5 ,1 ,2 and 4 kHz respectively .Comparing 3 months with 12 months post -implantation ,there were sta-tistic differences at 0 .25 and 0 .5 kHz ,while no significant difference (P>0 .05) at 1 ,2 and 4 kHz .Of 17 subjects followed up more than 2 years ,there were significant differences (P<0 .05) between pre- and various return visits post-implantation .Post-implantation return visits ,there were significant differences between 3 months and 12 , 24 months at 0 .25 and 0 .5 kHz respectively ,not any significant differences on 1 ,2 and 4 kHz .There were no sig-nificant differences on each frequency between 12 months and 24 months post- implantation .Conclusion Residual hearing after cochlear implantation could decrease to some extent for various reasons .There were significant differ-ences between 3 and 12 months post-implantation at 0 .25 and 0 .5 kHz .Not any significant differences were ob-served between 12 months and 24 months post-implantation at each frequency .