Objective To explore the design of pressure on breast for taking molybdenum target mammography after female's breast augmentation surgery.Methods The molybdenum target mammography in 26 patients were undergone breast augmentation surgery with hydrophilic polyacrylamide gel(HPAG) was performed under different breast pressure,the enduring ability on breast pressure for patients and the quality of axial and oblique images were compared between different pressure on breast.Results As the pressure on breast was 14 dan,the quality of images was not good,and the patients felt no pain on breast;the pressure was 18 dan,the quality of images was fine,and the pain on breast could be endured by patients.As the pressure was 20 dan,the quality of images was still fine,but the pain on breast was obvious.Conclusion It is suitable choosing the pressure of 18 dan on breast to take molybdenum target mammography for patients after breast augmentation surgery with HPAG.

BACKGROUND: The different level of proteins regulating cell cycle and theircorrelation is the main criteria to differentiate the benign and malignant cellular proliferation.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression status of p21waf1 and p53 in lung cancer as well as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)DESIGN:A case-control study.SETTING: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renmin Hospital ,Wuhan UniversityPAITICIPANTS:This case-control study involved 135 patients who underwent lobectomy or fiberoptic bronchoscopy for primary lung cancer or benign chronic pulmonary diseases at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from October 1996 through May 1999. They were divided into two groups: lung cancer group (76 patients, including 56 men and 20 women,aged 18-74 years of age) and chronic pulmonary diseases group (59 cases,including 42 men and 17 women, aged 16-70 years of age).METHODS: Phosphate buffer solution replaced the first antibody as the negative control. Immunohistochemistry was performed using a modified streptavidin-biotinylated peroxidase technique according to the manufacturer's recommendations (Maxim Corporation). For p21waf1 staining, we used hydrated autoclaving as a pretreatment. Antigen retrieval was performed in a standard microwave unit for p53 staining. PCNA staining did not need The ratio of the positive cells indicated by yellowish brown nucleus due to staining was counted for 5 successive high-fold microscopic fields: when it was≥ 10%, it was taken as positive; when it was ＜10%, it was regarded as high-fold microscopic fields for the percentage of the positive cells indicated by yellowish brown nucleus due to staining in each field, and the average value of the five fields was taken as labeling index (LI) for proliferated nuclear antigens.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expression leyels of p21waf1, p53and PCNA in lung cancer.cancer were 75% (57/76) and 47%(36/76) respectively. The labeling index of PCNA in lung cancer group was significantly higher than that of the chronic pulmonary diseases group (0.44±0.32 vs 0.09±0.14, respectively).significantly higher than that of small cell lung cancer (0.51 ±0.33 vs in lung cancer tissues. In chronic pulmonary diseases group, the expression of p21waf1 and p53 showed a close relationship with PCNA.CONCLUSION: It was found that p21waf1 and p53 were obviously upregulated in lung cancer and the degree of cellular proliferation in lung cancer was rather high. The capacity of DNA damage repair in squamous lung cancer may be stronger than that in small cell lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE：  To improve the method for the content determination of astragaloside Ⅳ in Xiangju granules， and to evaluate the consistency of relevant preparations with the components of original formulation， so as to provide evidence for the modern preparation of TCM compound. METHODS： HPLC-ELSD method was established for the content determination of astragaloside Ⅳ in Xiangju granules， and compared with original standard TLC scanning. Using critrinin， ferulic acid， calycosin glucoside， liquiritin， glycyrrhizic acid， rosmarinic acid， buddleoside and magnoline as control， HPLC method was used to determine the release components of self-made Xiangju granules， Xiangju capsules， Xiangju tablets in water. Fingerprint characteristics chromatogram of different Xiangju preparations and original formulation extract were compared by using Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM （2012 version）. At the same time， HPLC-ELSD method was used to determine and compare the release rate of astragaloside Ⅳ from different Xiangju preparations and original formulation extract in water. RESULTS： Established HPLC-ELSD method was specific. The linear range of astragaloside Ⅳ was 0.13-2.10 mg/mL. RSDs of precision， repeatability and stability tests were all lower than 3％ （n＝6）， and average recovery was 97.66％ （RSD＝1.01％，n＝6）. Average content of astragaloside Ⅳ by this method was 0.398 mg/g （RSD＝1.01％， n＝3）， which had better reproducibility than TLC scanning. The comparative results of characteristic fingerprints showed that the similarity among Xiangju granules， Xiangju capsules， Xiangju tablets and the original formulation dry extract powder was more than 0.850. Average release rates of astragaloside Ⅳ in Xiangju granules， Xiangju capsules， Xiangju tablets and the original formulation extract were 0.392， 0.358， 0.349， 0.389 mg， respectively. Compared with original formulation extract， there was no statistical significance in release rate of astragaloside Ⅳ in Xiangju granules （P＞0.05）， while there was statistical significance in Xiangju capsules and Xiangju tablets （P＜0.01）. CONCLU- SIONS： Established HPLC-ELSD method is accurate and feasible， and is suitable for the content determination of astragaloside Ⅳ in Xiangju granules. The main components of Xiangju granules are consistent with original formulation.

Objective: To analyze the detection rate of sleep problems such as sleep delay and deficiency in preschool children in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China,and to provide the reference for the standard of sleeping mode among preschool students. Methods: From October to November 2017, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 27 200 preschool children in 11 cities in Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Epidemiology of sleep delays, deficiencies and sleep patterns in preschool children was described. Results: The detection rate of sleep problems in preschool children in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was 15.3%. Taking the length of sleep and bedtime as the main analysis points, it was found that the average sleeping time point of each age group was 21:31, and the detection rate of bedtime delay was 86.5%. The average length of sleep was (10.60±1.12) hours. The detection rate of sleep deprivation in preschool children was 15.7%. Sleep delay was positively correlated with girls, age increase and parents’ higher educational level (P<0.05), and negatively correlated with living in the city, non-only child and bedroom without TV (P<0.01) .The detection rate of sleep deprivation was positively correlated with children of high age group (4yearold group：OR=1.32，95%CI=1.19-1.46；5-year-old group：OR=2.10，95%CI=1.91-2.32；6-year-old group：OR=2.47，95%CI=2.20-2.77)(P<0.01), and negatively correlated with no TV in bedroom (OR=0.91，95%CI=0.84-0.98) and no light in sleep (OR=0.87，95%CI=0.78-0.97)(P<0.05). Conclusion Preschool children sleep delay and sleep deprivation and other sleep problems are more prominent, affected by family environment and other factors.