Eosinophil cationic protein, a sensitive marker of activated eosinophils, plays an important role in eosinophila inflammation, such as asthma, allergy disease and so on. To get acknowledges of ECP of secretion and use in nasal general chronic disease(NP, CS and AR),we review many articles and summary the present situation of this topic of its properties and uses. We find a critical relationship between ECP and nasal general chronic disease. Moreover, the measurement concentration of ECP in nasal fluid can help evaluate degree, turnover and prognosis of these diseases.

OBJECTIVE To carry out a meta analysis on the results of all conducted studies to present valid information about the impact of air pollution exposure on the risk of allergic rhinitis in children. METHODS PubMed, Science, Google Scholar and MDPI database were searched up to January 1, 2012 to July 1, 2017, including the observational studies about air pollution and children with allergic rhinitis. Combie cross-sectional study evaluation tool and NOS scale were used to evaluate the quality of literature. The odds ratio of representative air pollutants(NO2, SO2, PM10) exposed to the risk of allergic rhinitis in children and it 95％ confidence interval as effects, and based on the heterogeneity analysis and publication bias test of Review Manager 5.3 software. The effects were analyzed by fixed or random effects model. RESULTS Finally, 6 studies were included in the meta analysis (4 cross-sectional studies, 2 cohort studies). The results showed that exposure to nitrogen dioxide increased the risk of allergic rhinitis(OR=1.22, 95％CI[1.04, 1.42], P=0.01), exposing tosulfur dioxideincreased the risk of allergic rhinitis(OR=1.06, 95％CI[0.96, 1.18], P=0.23), and PM10 increased the risk of allergic rhinitis(OR=1.13, 95％CI[1.04, 1.23], P=0, 004). CONCLUSION Air pollution is a risk factor for allergic rhinitis in children, and the risk of allergic rhinitis will be increase when exposed to NO2 and PM10.

Purpose To investigate the evaluation value of right-to-left shunt in atrial septal aneurysm(ASA)via contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler,and analyze its clinical significance.Materials and Methods Forty patients with ASA who were performed on contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler in Jiaozuo People's Hospital from June 2020 to July 2021,and 242 patients without ASA during the same period were enrolled.The overall incidence of right-to-left shunt was compared between the two groups in resting state and after Valsalva maneuver.All patients with right-to-left shunt were divided into small shunt group and large shunt group according to the number of microbubbles detected,comparing the incidence of small and big shunt,as well as alterations of shunt after Valsalva maneuver between the two groups.Results Contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler in resting state:positive rate of ASA patients with right-to-left shunt was significantly higher than that of non-ASA patients via contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler in resting state[47.5%(19/40)vs.29.8%(72/242);χ2=4.95,P=0.03].There were 14 ASA patients(73.7%)with small shunt and five ASA patients(26.3%)with large shunt.There were 61 non-ASA patients(84.7%)with small shunt and 11 non-ASA patients(15.3%)with large shunt.In resting state,there was no significant difference in ratio between small and large shunts,though there were mainly small shunt patients between the two groups(χ2=1.26,P=0.264).The positive rate of patients with or without ASA were significantly higher after Valsalva maneuver than those in resting state(positive rate of ASA patients was 77.5%,χ2=8.64,P=0.002;positive rate of non-ASA patients was 48.8%,χ2=80.49,P<0.001).The number of cases with massive shunt in ASA group were significantly higher than those in non-ASA group[64.5%(20/31)vs.47.5%(56/118);χ2=12.58,P<0.001].Conclusion ASA is often accompanied by right-to-left shunt,especially those with a substantial right-to-left shunt can trigger by the Valsalva maneuver.Therefore,attention should be paid to patients with ASA in clinical practice with standardized diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To examine survival differences in prognosis and survival between patients with HPV-positive and those with HPV-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).Methods Pubmed,Embase,Web of science and Medline databases were searched from their inception till June 2014.A random-effect meta-analysis was used to pool study estimates evaluating overall (all-cause mortality),disease-specific (death from OPSCC),disease-free (recurrence free),progression-free survival outcomes and local regional control rate in HPV-positive vs HPV-negative OPSCC.After study selection,two reviewers assessed and extracted data independently.Meta-analysis was performed using the STATA 11.0software.Results Thirty-seven studies were included.HPV-positive OPSCC patients had a better overall survival compared to HPV-negative patients (HR 0.39,95％ CI 0.32-0.46).HPV-positive OPSCC patients had a significantly lower disease specific mortality (HR 0.31,95％ CI 0.22-0.39) and were less likely to experience progression or recurrence of their cancers than HPV-negative patients (HR 0.34,95％CI 0.25-0.42).Both disease-free survival and progression-free survival were significantly improved in patients with HPV-positive OPSCC (HR 0.38,95％ CI 0.29-0.47 and HR 0.46,95％ CI 0.29-0.63,respectively).Conclusions HPV infection is an important prognostic factor of OPSCC.Stratified therapies can be applied in OPSCC based on HPV status of tumours.