Objective:To study the value of detection of rpsl gene mutation in streptomy cin(SM)-resistance in clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis by PCR -SSCP,and to expect to set up a r apid detective method of rpsl gene mutation in mycobacterium tuberculosis,Method Eighty seven specimens isolated from patients were detected by PCR-SSCP silver staining,and using strain H 37Rv as a control,Results In 87 mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates,the r psl DNA fragments from 16 drug-susceptible isolates had no mutation in rpsL gene ,48 of 62 sputum specimens showed rpsl gene mutation by PCR-SSCP,positive rate w as 77.4%.Conclusions The rpsL gene mutation is an important molecular mechanism of M.tuberc ulosis resistance to SM.PCR-SSCP might become a rapid detecting method of SM-r esistance of M.tuberculosis.

Objective To study the effect of vanadium on antioxidase activity in liver microsome and mitochondrion of rats. Methods 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 7 groups, 6 experimental groups, 1 control group. The rats in experimental groups were treated with ammonium metavanadate through drinking water at the doses of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg respectively for 20 consecutive days. The rats in control group were treated with distilled water. GSH-Px, CAT activity in liver microsome and SOD activity, MDA content in liver mitochondrion were determined. Results GSH-Px, CAT, SOD activity decreased and MDA content increased as ammonium metavanadate dosage increased. Compared with the control group, GSH-Px and CAT activity in 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg groups decreased significantly(P

Chitin/Chitosan oligomers were prepared by the concentrated hydrochloric acid or enzymatic hydrolysis with chitinase and chitosanase and its transglycosylation reaction. Their preparation,isolation and analytical methods are reviewed.

Objective:To study the value of detection of rpsl gene mutation in streptomycin(SM)-resistance in clinical isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis by PCR-SSCP,and to expect to set up a rapid detective method of rpsl gene mutation in mycobacterium tuberculosis,Method Eighty seven specimens isolated from patients were detected by PCR-SSCP silver staining,and using strain H 37 Rv as a control,Results In 87 mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates,the rpsl DNA fragments from 16 drug-susceptible isolates had no mutation in rpsL gene,48 of 62 sputum specimens showed rpsl gene mutation by PCR-SSCP,positive rate was 77 4%.Conclusions The rpsL gene mutation is an important molecular mechanism of M.tuberculosis resistance to SM.PCR-SSCP might become a rapid detecting method of SM-resistance of M.tuberculosis.

A rapid and simple flow-injection-catalytic spectrophotometric method using stopped-flow technique for determination of trace phenols is described. This methods is based on the catalytic effect of phenols on the reaction of rhodamine B and potassium bromate in sulfuric acid medium. The optimal experimental conditions are obtained by using the controlled and weighed centroid simplex method. The linear range of the determination is 0.60～4．00 mg/L for phenols, and the detection limit is 0.1 mg/L with the sample throughput of 34/h. The relative standard deviation of eleven replicate measurements is less than 2.0%. It has been applied for the determiantion of phenols in waste water with satisfactory results

A rapid and sensitive flow-injection spectrophotometric method was proposed for the determination of metoclopramide. This method was based on the diazotisation of metoclopramide with sodium nitrite in acidic medium and coupling with α-naphthylamine. The optimal experimental condition was obtained by using the simplex optimization method. The linear range was 0.0 ～ 30 mg/L, and the sample throughput was 160 samples h-1. The relative standard deviation of eleven replicate measurements was less than 0.6%. The method was used to determine metoclopramide in tablets and injections. The results were statistically compared with those obtained by pharmacopoeia method.

The higher medical education in China starts late and needs further exploration and improvement.While in Germany,it is elite education with a long history.Compared with China,in curriculum setting,Sociology,Medical health security,Humanities and Social Sciences and Organ system classification courses are more emphasized,and in terms of degree,it only has Doctor degree but with higher quality in Germany.Higher medical education in China will also take the path of the elite education.We can learn from the German medical education development experience and pay attention to solving the lack of the curriculum by supplementing social medicine and medical health security,increase the autonomy of the instructors in the training process,strengthen the medical students' social responsibility,and improve the quality of higher medical education in China.

ObjectiveTo investigate and analyze the health education needs of TCM rehabilitation after hepatobiliary surgery,and the application effect of health education. Methods105 cases of hepatobiliary surgery patients were chosen.Homemade questionnaires with TCM rehabilitation related knowledge needs were used in the investigation.And then the health education of TCM rehabilitation was given to the patients.After these patients accepted the education and were rehabilitated,these patients were again taken TCM and rehabilitation of health education needs for investigation.The changes of the needs of the patients before and after education for the rehabilitation of health education on TCM were compared.The evaluation of the recovery effect for patients with TCM rehabilitation of health education in the liver and gallbladder surgery were taken for investigation. Results105 cases of patients with TCM and rehabilitation health knowledge education before and after the survey results showed that,the urgent need on the knowledge of TCM health rehabilitation rate after hepatobiliary surgery in patients increased significantly compared with before education.In the evaluation of the recovery effect of patients for TCM rehabilitation of health education in theliver and gallbladder surgery,the rate of thinking it effective in promoting postoperative recovery was 91.43％. ConclusionsHepatobiliary surgery patients were lack of knowledge of postoperative recovery of health knowledge of TCM and rehabilitation.By education and practical application,the patients understand the importance of health education on their postoperative rehabilitation,so TCM rehabilitation of health education has an important clinical significance in hepatobiliary surgery patients.

BACKGROUND:The surface antigen CD80/CD86 on mature dendritic cells can activate helper T (Th) cells, reduce the differentiation of Th cells toward Th1 cells, and promote the differentiation of Th cells toward Th2 cells.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of smal interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibiting the expression of surface antigens CD80/CD86 from asthmatic murine mature dendritic cells on Th1/Th2 type cytokines, interferon-γand interleukin-4.
METHODS:Asthmatic model of mice was established;then bone marrow-derived mature dendritic cells were separated and cultured. The expression of CD11c, CD80 and CD86 on mature dendritic cells were examined by flow cytometry. The siRNA was transferred into mature dendritic cells of asthmatic mice, and the CD80/CD86 mRNA and protein expression before and after interference were determined by fluorescent quantitative PCR and flow cytometry. The mature dendritic cells in non-siRNA group, siRNA group and negative siRNA group were co-cultured with T cells. The interferon-γand interleukin-4 productions were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The expression of CD80/CD86 on the mature dendritic cells of asthmatic group was significantly higher than that in normal control group (al P<0.05). (2) After siRNA was transferred into mature dendritic cells, the expression level of CD80/CD86 mRNA and protein in siRNA group was significantly lower than other groups (al P<0.05). (3) After siRNA transfection, the level of interferon-γfrom the supernatant of mature dendritic cells and T cells co-culture system was significantly increased in the siRNA group compared with other groups (al P<0.05), while interleukin-4 production in the siRNA group was significantly decreased (al P<0.05). These findings suggest that high expression of CD80/CD86 on mature dendritic cells of asthmatic mice is observed, specific siRNA can effectively inhibit the expression of CD80/CD86, thus increasing interferon-γproduction and decreasing interleukin-4 production, which contributes to regulate the Th1/Th2 imbalance.