This study was aimed to establish an applicable, convenient and rapid method for platelet intracellular trehalose determination, so that the technique of trehalose loading could be optimized and used in research on freeze-drying platelets. Protein from loaded-trehalose platelets was deposited by using trichloroacetic acid, trechalose concentration in platelets was determinated by sulfuric-anthrone reaction and was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that when platelets were loaded with 1.7% of trehalose in loading solution, intracellular concentration determinated by sulfuric-anthrone reaction was 0.22% and derterminated by HPLC was 0.2%. The recovery rate of trehalose determinated by sulfuric-anthrone reaction was 100.7% and stability and repeatability of results were good. In conclusion, the method is convenient, rapid, accurate and highly sensitive for determination of platelet intracellar trehalose.
Blood Platelets ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sulfuric Acids ; chemistry ; Trehalose ; analysis

The pure titanium disks were divided into three groups and etched for 30 minutes with HNO3, hot H2SO4/H2O2 or hot H2SO4/HCl respectively. The treated disks were studied and analyzed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The disks etched with HNO3 had a smooth surface, while those etched with hot H2SO4/H2O2 or hot H2SO4/HCl had rough surfaces, and the surface etched with hot H2SO4/HCl had larger micropores. The XPS analysis demonstrated that the main elements of the surface in three groups were titanium, oxygen and carbon. The carbon concentration was the lowest on the surface etched with hot H2SO4/H2O2 and the highest on that etched with hot H2SO4/HCl. The substances were TiO2, Ti2O3, TiO and metal Ti on the surface etched with HNO3 or hot H2SO4/H2O2. Only TiO2 was detected on the surface etched with hot H2SO4/HCl.
Hydrochloric Acid ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Metallurgy ; methods ; Nitric Acid ; Oxides ; Sulfuric Acids ; Surface Properties ; Titanium ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the production technology of extraction in combination hydrolysis in situ for isolating diosgenin from Dioscorea nipponica by orthogonal design.

METHODThe optimum production conditions were investigated with the recovery of diosgenin as an index by extraction in combination hydrolysis in situ, and were compared with the traditional method.

RESULTExtraction in combination hydrolysis in situ conducted in 1.5 mol x L(-1) sulfuric acid of water containing 75% isopropanol at 100 degrees C for 4.5 h could get higher recovery of diosgenin than traditional methods.

CONCLUSIONThis production technology can get higher recovery of diosgenin, and it is simple, time and money saving.

Dioscorea ; chemistry ; Diosgenin ; isolation & purification ; Hydrolysis ; Pressure ; Sulfuric Acids ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Temperature ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo develop suitable methods for safety destruction of tetramethylene disulfotetramine (TETS) and the medical wastes polluted by TETS.

METHODSThe chemical stability of TETS was evaluated under the conditions of acid, alkali and high temperature. TETS was treated with sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid under various treatment conditions, i.e. concentration, temperature and time, followed by determining remaining TETS using gas chromatograms to estimating the degradation efficiency of TETS. TETS was put into ampoule and heated under the different conditions of temperature and time. After heat treatment, TETS residue was determined. For evaluating the absorption factor of active carbon to TETS in water and blood, active carbon was added into the water and blood with content of TETS, incubated at room temperature for 24 hours, and then determined the remaining TETS in water and blood.

RESULTSThe complete degradation of TETS was achieved by one of the following treatments: heating with 6.0 mol/L hydrochloric acid at 100 degrees C for half an hour, heating with 3.0 mol/L hydrochloric acid or 6.0 mol/L sodium hydroxide at 100 degrees C for 3 hours, mixing with concentrated sulfuric acid or nitric acid at room temperature for 24 hours, and dry heating at 300 degrees C for 4.5 hours. Active carbon showed a marked effectiveness in absorbing the TETS in blood and water, with the mean absorption efficiency of over 90%.

CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study suggest that TETS powder should be degraded by acid or alkali, and that the solid medical wastes polluted by TETS should be destroyed at high temperature. For the blood and water having contents of TETS, the active carbon should be used as to absorbing the TETS and then be destroyed at high temperature.

Bridged-Ring Compounds ; chemistry ; Capillary Electrochromatography ; Chromatography, Gas ; Hydrochloric Acid ; chemistry ; Medical Waste Disposal ; methods ; Nitric Acid ; chemistry ; Sodium Hydroxide ; chemistry ; Sulfuric Acids ; chemistry ; Temperature

Study a method for the detemination of the content of polysaccharides in Gentiana farreri, and analysis of the content of polysaccharides from different producing areas. The results showed that using the anthrone-sulfuric acid method, simple operation, accurate result. Sample was measured at 620 nm absorbance after anthrone-sulfuric acid color, at this wavelength, solution absorption and glucose showed a good linear relationship; The linearity was in the range of 0.01-0.07 g x L(-1) (r = 0.996 7). The recovery rate was 99.41%, with RSD of 2.0%. Considering the experimental conditions, to determine the solid-liquid ratio 1:60, extracting time 50 min, concentration of ethanol 80%. The mass fraction of polysaccharides was the highest to reached 0.743% in G. farreri from Gansu Xiahe. This experiment has laid a good foundation for further study on G. farreri.
Anthracenes ; chemistry ; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical ; methods ; Gentiana ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Geography ; Linear Models ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sulfuric Acids ; chemistry ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVE: A rapid color test for screening gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and its precursor gamma-butyrolactone(GBL) was investigated in drink and urine samples. METHODS: In an acidic solution, GHB was converted to GBL, which reacted with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in presence of sodium hydroxide, forming hydroxamate. A purple complex was formed when hydroxamate reacted with ferric chloride in acidic condition. RESULTS: Detection limit concentrations of GHB in drinks were between 0.5-2 mg/mL, less than the popular abuse concentrations of GHB. This method was usable for urine, with detection limit concentration 0.5 mg/mL. Interferences of common organic solvents and narcotics and depressants were surveyed. CONCLUSION This method is simple, safe, and rapid; it facilitates rapid screening of GHB and GBL in clinic and forensic laboratories.
4-Butyrolactone/urine* ; Alcoholic Beverages/analysis* ; Anesthetics/urine* ; Beverages/analysis* ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydroxybutyrates/urine* ; Solvents/chemistry* ; Sulfuric Acids/chemistry*

To investigate the disposition and tissue distribution of ML12 after intravenous (iv) administration in rats, the compound in plasma or in tissue was extracted into ethyl acetate under basic condition and was determined by HPLC after extracted by dilute sulfuric acid. Excitation wavelength and emission wavelength of fluorescence detection were 278 nm and 307 nm, respectively. The data were processed with the software 3P97 to calculate the main pharmaceutical parameters of ML12. At dose of 5 and 10 mg/kg, the elimination of the drug from plasma was found to be kinetically linear, but when the dosage was 20 mg/kg, a non-linear feature was observed. The highest level of ML12 was found in the kidney. Distribution of ML12 after iv administration was extensive and the concentration-time profile was found to be fitted to an open two-compartment model.
Antihypertensive Agents/*pharmacokinetics ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods ; Kinetics ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods ; Sulfuric Acids/chemistry ; Tissue Distribution

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations on the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX).

METHODSAn Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) reactor was used to cultivate the granular sludge and to perform the ANAMMOX reaction in the bench scale experiment. NH4(+)-N and NO2(-)-N were measured by using colorimetric method. NO3(-)-N was analyzed by using the UV spectrophotometric method. COD measurement was based on digestion with potassium dichromate in concentrated sulphuric acid.

RESULTSWhen the COD concentrations in the reactors were 0 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 350 mg/L, and 550 mg/L, respectively, the NH4(+)-N removal efficiency was 12.5%, 14.2%, 14.3%, and 23.7%; the removal amount of NO2(-)-N was almost the same; the nitrate removal efficiency was 16.8%, 94.5%, 86.6%, and 84.2% and TN removal efficiency was 16.3%, 50.7%, 46.9%, and 50.4%, moreover, the COD removal efficiency was 85%, 65.7%, and 60%; the COD removal rate was 27.42, 61.88, and 97.8 mg COD/(h x L).

CONCLUSIONCOD concentrations have a significant influence on anaerobic ammonium oxidation by granular sludge.

Ammonia ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Anaerobiosis ; Bioreactors ; Industrial Microbiology ; Nitrogen ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxygen ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Potassium Dichromate ; chemistry ; Sewage ; chemistry ; microbiology ; Sulfuric Acids ; chemistry ; Time Factors ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; methods