1.Current consensus and guidelines of contrast enhanced ultrasound for the characterization of focal liver lesions.
Jae Young JANG ; Moon Young KIM ; Soung Won JEONG ; Tae Yeob KIM ; Seung Up KIM ; Sae Hwan LEE ; Ki Tae SUK ; Soo Young PARK ; Hyun Young WOO ; Sang Gyune KIM ; Jeong HEO ; Soon Koo BAIK ; Hong Soo KIM ; Won Young TAK
Clinical and Molecular Hepatology 2013;19(1):1-16
The application of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) is considered essential when evaluating focal liver lesions (FLLs) using ultrasonography (US). Microbubble UCAs are easy to use and robust; their use poses no risk of nephrotoxicity and requires no ionizing radiation. The unique features of contrast enhanced US (CEUS) are not only noninvasiveness but also real-time assessing of liver perfusion throughout the vascular phases. The later feature has led to dramatic improvement in the diagnostic accuracy of US for detection and characterization of FLLs as well as the guidance to therapeutic procedures and evaluation of response to treatment. This article describes the current consensus and guidelines for the use of UCAs for the FLLs that are commonly encountered in US. After a brief description of the bases of different CEUS techniques, contrast-enhancement patterns of different types of benign and malignant FLLs and other clinical applications are described and discussed on the basis of our experience and the literature data.
Contrast Media/chemistry/*diagnostic use
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Humans
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Liver Diseases/radiography/*ultrasonography
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Liver Neoplasms/radiography/*ultrasonography
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Phospholipids/chemistry/diagnostic use
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Practice Guidelines as Topic
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Sulfur Hexafluoride/chemistry/diagnostic use
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Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Result Analysis
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