OBJECTIVES: A dermatologic outbreak occurred in a factory usingliquid waste mixtures at Gyeongju. We conducted this study to identify causative factors. METHODS: We conducted a questionnaire interview composed of general andjob characteristics. A dermatologist carried out medical examination, European standard patch test and 'as is' patch test. We evaluated the cases with over 5 criteria of Mathias's 7 definitions of occupational dermatologic diseases. RESULTS: Seven of 9 workers were diagnosed with dermatosis and 3 subjects (cases 2, 4 and 6) with Mathias's 7 criteria were confirmed as having occupational dermatologic diseases and were diagnosed as irritant contact dermatitis. Two subjects (cases 1 and 9) with over 5 criteria were evaluated as suspicious status. The remaining 2 subjects (cases 3 and 5) were not compatible with those criteria. The main sources of this outbreak were suggested to be the wasted solvents in the factory of car accessories and aluminum products because the subjects (cases 2, 4, 6, 1 and 9) had the positive skin reaction against those sources in 'as is 'patch test. Furthermore, 4 of the 5 subjects cases 2, 4, 6 and 9) had some skin reactions against the waste solvents of chemical material in 'as is'patch test. CONCLUSION: This outbreak occurred by direct skin contact of liquid waste mixtures of a factory making car accessories and aluminum products. The cutting oils and metal working fluids in those liquid waste mixtures were estimated as the most suspected materials. In addition, this outbreak may have been caused by the hazard effect of mixed waste organic solvents of manufacturing of chemical materials.
Aluminum ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Occupations ; Oils ; Patch Tests ; Questionnaires ; Skin ; Skin Diseases* ; Solvents

Large recession of one lateral rectus muscle for exotropia is an infrequently used procedure. In this prospective, 27 patients (3 to 19 years, mean age of 7) with moderate-angle exodeviation(18 ~ 35 delta) were treated with one large lateral rectus recession(8mm ~ 9mm) on their non preferred eye. Initially, there was underaction of the lateral rectus muscle. Within 6 weeks, the lateral rectus muscle regained full abduction, incomitance resolved and the deviation was eliminated or reduced to a small phoria. Since surgery is confined to the deviating eye alone, operating time, length of anesthesia and postoperative discomfort is reduced. The average amount of prism diopters corrected after operation for 8 mm, 8.5 mm and 9 mm were 20.4 delta, 26.4 delta, and 31.3 delta respectively, cosmetically satisfactory result (within 10 delta exodeviation) were obtained in 90.1% of the patients.
Anesthesia ; Exotropia* ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Strabismus

No abstract available.
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Pulmonary Subvalvular Stenosis*

In the plywood manufacturing factory established in 1979, female 3 workers who had exposed to adhesives containing formaldehyde for more than 48 months of duration suffered from eye, nasal, oral, throat and skin irritation and dyspnea as chief complaints. The actual level of the exposure to formaldehyde were not estimated when the exposed workers started to have above symptoms. The environmental monitoring of workplace was measured on April 25, 1990, and the concentration of formaldehyde revealed 0.2 ppm, however the exhaustive ventilatory system was already installed at that time. Twenty six subjects from entire factory were examined by questionnaire, physical examination and spirometry, etc. on August 22, 1990. Significant difference was observed in symptoms and signs of nasal, oral and throat irritation between teh exposed group with longer duration and that with short duration. When the exposed group with longer duration was compared to the group of nonexposed, symptoms and signs of nasal, oral, throat and skin irritation, chest tightness and dullness were significantly increased in the former group. The results of the spirometric test showed that the forced vital capacity and the forced expiratory volume at 1 second were decreased amont the exposed group with longer duration but not significant.
Adhesives ; Dyspnea ; Environmental Monitoring ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Formaldehyde* ; Humans ; Pharynx ; Physical Examination ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Skin ; Spirometry ; Thorax ; Vital Capacity

A 4 years old Korean male child was presented with delay of regaining consciousness after general anesthesia for the correction of the right hand deformity and limitation of motion. In 1961 Frederich described the failure to regain consciousness after general anesthesia. 1.Hypoxia. 2. Excess of CO2.3. Anesthetic overdose, surgical shock, hypotension. 4. Miscellaneous factors: cerebro-vascular accidents, metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, uremia, hemorrhage, cerebral thrombosis, electrolyte imbalance. In this case, we believed that hypoxia was responsible for this complication.
Acidosis ; Anesthesia, General* ; Anoxia ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Consciousness ; Hand Deformities ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Hypotension ; Male ; Shock, Surgical ; Thrombosis ; Uremia

A large recession of one lateral rectus muscle for exotropia is an infrequently used procedure. In this prospective study, 27 patients (3 to 19 years, mean age of 7) with moderate-angle exodeviation (18-35delta) were treated with large recession (8mm-9mm) of one lateral rectus muscle on their non preferred eye. Initially, there was underaction of the lateral rectus muscle. Within 6 weeks, the lateral rectus muscle regained full abduction, incomitance resolved, and the deviation was eliminated or reduced to a small phoria. Since surgery is confined to the deviating eye alone, operating time, length of anesthesia, and postoperative discomfort is reduced. The average amount of prism diopters needed for correction following operation for 8mm, 8.5mm and 9mm were 20.4delta, 26.4delta, and 31.3delta respectively and esthetically satisfactory results (within 10delta exodeviatior) were obtained in 90.I% of the patients.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Exotropia/*surgery ; Humans ; Oculomotor Muscles/*surgery ; Prospective Studies ; Strabismus/*surgery

We experienced a case of primary aldosteronism due to adrenal adenoma. The patient was 45-year old female, whose main complaints were weakness, headache, and fatigue. By use of abdominal CT scan, ultrasonogram, adrenal angiogram and by result of clinical laboratory findings, we conculuded the diagnosis of adrenal adenoma, and confirmed it by surgical and pathologucal findigs. The clinical sympyoms disappeared after left adrenalectomy, and laboratory findings of renin, aldosterone, electrolutes were normalized but hypertension persisted, so she has been managed by antihypertensives.
Adenoma ; Adrenalectomy* ; Aldosterone ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Diagnosis ; Fatigue ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism* ; Hypertension* ; Middle Aged ; Renin ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Heart Failure* ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Heart*

The diagnosis of urinary tract infection is established by clinical symptoms and signs, urinalysis and urine culture. Urinalysis and urine culture are influenced by external environmental factors, especially temperature and time. So we have performed an assay for these effects on urinalysis and urine culture in 30 consecutive patients with urinary tract infection. Urinary specific gravity, pH and chemical components (protein, sugar, bilirubin, ketone and nitrite) were not influenced with environmental factors (temperature and time), but cellular components (RBC, WBC) were gradually decreased in number with increasing time in all temperatures without significance(p>0.06). Urine colony counts were not influenced significantly at 4 degrees C, but were increased in 4 hours at 18 degrees C and in 2 hours at 30 degrees C significantly (p<0.05). So, bacteriologic survey for urinary tract infection must be performed at least within 2 hours after collection of urine.
Bilirubin ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Specific Gravity ; Urinalysis* ; Urinary Tract Infections

The diagnosis of urinary tract infection is established by clinical symptoms and signs, urinalysis and urine culture. Urinalysis and urine culture are influenced by external environmental factors, especially temperature and time. So we have performed an assay for these effects on urinalysis and urine culture in 30 consecutive patients with urinary tract infection. Urinary specific gravity, pH and chemical components (protein, sugar, bilirubin, ketone and nitrite) were not influenced with environmental factors (temperature and time), but cellular components (RBC, WBC) were gradually decreased in number with increasing time in all temperatures without significance(p>0.06). Urine colony counts were not influenced significantly at 4 degrees C, but were increased in 4 hours at 18 degrees C and in 2 hours at 30 degrees C significantly (p<0.05). So, bacteriologic survey for urinary tract infection must be performed at least within 2 hours after collection of urine.
Bilirubin ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Specific Gravity ; Urinalysis* ; Urinary Tract Infections