No abstract available.
Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Pulmonary Subvalvular Stenosis*

Large recession of one lateral rectus muscle for exotropia is an infrequently used procedure. In this prospective, 27 patients (3 to 19 years, mean age of 7) with moderate-angle exodeviation(18 ~ 35 delta) were treated with one large lateral rectus recession(8mm ~ 9mm) on their non preferred eye. Initially, there was underaction of the lateral rectus muscle. Within 6 weeks, the lateral rectus muscle regained full abduction, incomitance resolved and the deviation was eliminated or reduced to a small phoria. Since surgery is confined to the deviating eye alone, operating time, length of anesthesia and postoperative discomfort is reduced. The average amount of prism diopters corrected after operation for 8 mm, 8.5 mm and 9 mm were 20.4 delta, 26.4 delta, and 31.3 delta respectively, cosmetically satisfactory result (within 10 delta exodeviation) were obtained in 90.1% of the patients.
Anesthesia ; Exotropia* ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Strabismus

A 4 years old Korean male child was presented with delay of regaining consciousness after general anesthesia for the correction of the right hand deformity and limitation of motion. In 1961 Frederich described the failure to regain consciousness after general anesthesia. 1.Hypoxia. 2. Excess of CO2.3. Anesthetic overdose, surgical shock, hypotension. 4. Miscellaneous factors: cerebro-vascular accidents, metabolic acidosis, hypoglycemia, uremia, hemorrhage, cerebral thrombosis, electrolyte imbalance. In this case, we believed that hypoxia was responsible for this complication.
Acidosis ; Anesthesia, General* ; Anoxia ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Consciousness ; Hand Deformities ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Hypotension ; Male ; Shock, Surgical ; Thrombosis ; Uremia

OBJECTIVES: A dermatologic outbreak occurred in a factory usingliquid waste mixtures at Gyeongju. We conducted this study to identify causative factors. METHODS: We conducted a questionnaire interview composed of general andjob characteristics. A dermatologist carried out medical examination, European standard patch test and 'as is' patch test. We evaluated the cases with over 5 criteria of Mathias's 7 definitions of occupational dermatologic diseases. RESULTS: Seven of 9 workers were diagnosed with dermatosis and 3 subjects (cases 2, 4 and 6) with Mathias's 7 criteria were confirmed as having occupational dermatologic diseases and were diagnosed as irritant contact dermatitis. Two subjects (cases 1 and 9) with over 5 criteria were evaluated as suspicious status. The remaining 2 subjects (cases 3 and 5) were not compatible with those criteria. The main sources of this outbreak were suggested to be the wasted solvents in the factory of car accessories and aluminum products because the subjects (cases 2, 4, 6, 1 and 9) had the positive skin reaction against those sources in 'as is 'patch test. Furthermore, 4 of the 5 subjects cases 2, 4, 6 and 9) had some skin reactions against the waste solvents of chemical material in 'as is'patch test. CONCLUSION: This outbreak occurred by direct skin contact of liquid waste mixtures of a factory making car accessories and aluminum products. The cutting oils and metal working fluids in those liquid waste mixtures were estimated as the most suspected materials. In addition, this outbreak may have been caused by the hazard effect of mixed waste organic solvents of manufacturing of chemical materials.
Aluminum ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Occupations ; Oils ; Patch Tests ; Questionnaires ; Skin ; Skin Diseases* ; Solvents

In the plywood manufacturing factory established in 1979, female 3 workers who had exposed to adhesives containing formaldehyde for more than 48 months of duration suffered from eye, nasal, oral, throat and skin irritation and dyspnea as chief complaints. The actual level of the exposure to formaldehyde were not estimated when the exposed workers started to have above symptoms. The environmental monitoring of workplace was measured on April 25, 1990, and the concentration of formaldehyde revealed 0.2 ppm, however the exhaustive ventilatory system was already installed at that time. Twenty six subjects from entire factory were examined by questionnaire, physical examination and spirometry, etc. on August 22, 1990. Significant difference was observed in symptoms and signs of nasal, oral and throat irritation between teh exposed group with longer duration and that with short duration. When the exposed group with longer duration was compared to the group of nonexposed, symptoms and signs of nasal, oral, throat and skin irritation, chest tightness and dullness were significantly increased in the former group. The results of the spirometric test showed that the forced vital capacity and the forced expiratory volume at 1 second were decreased amont the exposed group with longer duration but not significant.
Adhesives ; Dyspnea ; Environmental Monitoring ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Formaldehyde* ; Humans ; Pharynx ; Physical Examination ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Skin ; Spirometry ; Thorax ; Vital Capacity

In the treatment of congenital heart in Korea, a big progress has made so far, and successful results have been achieved. However, there were few reports pertaining to the age and cause of death in congenital heart disease patients. Now, the author made observation on the mortality, the age and the mode of death in 3817 patients of congenital heart disease who had been admitted to Severance Hospital during the period of 15 years, from Jan 1972 to Dec 1986. The overall hospital mortality of the congenital heart disease was 6.1% ; 10.1% in the unoperated cases and 4.5% in the patients who underwent surgery. The hospital mortality of indivisual congenital heart disease was, in the order of increasing frequency, 1.0% for ventricular septal defect, and for the complicated heart disease, such as transposition of great vessels(12.5%), and total anomalous pulmonary venous return(15.8%) the death rate was higher in general. The mortality was highest under 1 year of age, especially during the neonatal period, i.e. under 1 month of age. The mode of death in the unoperated cases were congestive heart failure, infection, and hypoxia, in the order of frequency, comprising 84.5%, and in the patients who underwent surgery were congestive heart faliure or low cardiac output syndrome and htpoxia, 62.3%. Among the patients who died in the neonatal period, 76.9% died without accurate diagnosis, and 38.5% were under 5 days of age. Hypoxia(27%), congestive heart faliure(19.4%), and sepsis(11.6%) were the main mode of death. The analysis of the dead patients with congenital heart disease revealed the following results.The mortality was high in the complicated heart disease ; the major mode of death in surgical patients were congestive heart faliure or low cardiac output syndrome ; and the mortality was high in patients under one year of age, especially in the neonates, and most of then lacked accurate diagnosis.Therefore, more accurate properative diagnosis of complicated heart disease and better surgical techniques, development of diagnostic tools in neonatal period, and the need for early surgery and emergency medical management are uregently demanded.
Anoxia ; Cardiac Output, Low ; Cause of Death ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Failure ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Korea ; Mortality

The diagnosis of urinary tract infection is established by clinical symptoms and signs, urinalysis and urine culture. Urinalysis and urine culture are influenced by external environmental factors, especially temperature and time. So we have performed an assay for these effects on urinalysis and urine culture in 30 consecutive patients with urinary tract infection. Urinary specific gravity, pH and chemical components (protein, sugar, bilirubin, ketone and nitrite) were not influenced with environmental factors (temperature and time), but cellular components (RBC, WBC) were gradually decreased in number with increasing time in all temperatures without significance(p>0.06). Urine colony counts were not influenced significantly at 4 degrees C, but were increased in 4 hours at 18 degrees C and in 2 hours at 30 degrees C significantly (p<0.05). So, bacteriologic survey for urinary tract infection must be performed at least within 2 hours after collection of urine.
Bilirubin ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Specific Gravity ; Urinalysis* ; Urinary Tract Infections

The diagnosis of urinary tract infection is established by clinical symptoms and signs, urinalysis and urine culture. Urinalysis and urine culture are influenced by external environmental factors, especially temperature and time. So we have performed an assay for these effects on urinalysis and urine culture in 30 consecutive patients with urinary tract infection. Urinary specific gravity, pH and chemical components (protein, sugar, bilirubin, ketone and nitrite) were not influenced with environmental factors (temperature and time), but cellular components (RBC, WBC) were gradually decreased in number with increasing time in all temperatures without significance(p>0.06). Urine colony counts were not influenced significantly at 4 degrees C, but were increased in 4 hours at 18 degrees C and in 2 hours at 30 degrees C significantly (p<0.05). So, bacteriologic survey for urinary tract infection must be performed at least within 2 hours after collection of urine.
Bilirubin ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Specific Gravity ; Urinalysis* ; Urinary Tract Infections

No abstract available.
Diagnosis* ; Heart Failure* ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; Heart*

A large recession of one lateral rectus muscle for exotropia is an infrequently used procedure. In this prospective study, 27 patients (3 to 19 years, mean age of 7) with moderate-angle exodeviation (18-35delta) were treated with large recession (8mm-9mm) of one lateral rectus muscle on their non preferred eye. Initially, there was underaction of the lateral rectus muscle. Within 6 weeks, the lateral rectus muscle regained full abduction, incomitance resolved, and the deviation was eliminated or reduced to a small phoria. Since surgery is confined to the deviating eye alone, operating time, length of anesthesia, and postoperative discomfort is reduced. The average amount of prism diopters needed for correction following operation for 8mm, 8.5mm and 9mm were 20.4delta, 26.4delta, and 31.3delta respectively and esthetically satisfactory results (within 10delta exodeviatior) were obtained in 90.I% of the patients.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Exotropia/*surgery ; Humans ; Oculomotor Muscles/*surgery ; Prospective Studies ; Strabismus/*surgery