PURPOSE: This study was conducted to provide basic data for developing education and health promotion programs for the prevention of cancer by identifying the relation between optimistic bias about cancer and cancer preventive behavior in Korean, Chinese, American, and Japanese residents in Korea. METHODS: Using a questionnaire administered by the researcher, data were collected from a convenience sample of 600, 19 to 64-yr-old male and female Korean, Chinese, American, and Japanese residents in Korea. Data was collected between February 6 and 28, 2009. RESULTS: Scores for optimistic bias about cancer by nationality were: Koreans, -1.03; Chinese, -0.43; Americans, -0.23; and Japanese, 0.05. The cancer preventive behavior scores were: Koreans, 43.17; Chinese, 71.84; Americans, 71.71; and Japanese, 73.97. Optimistic bias about cancer and cancer preventive behavior showed a significantly positive correlation in all participants: Koreans (r=.223, p=.006); Chinese (r=.178, p=.029); Americans (r=.225, p=.006); and Japanese (r=.402, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The greater the optimistic bias about cancer is, the lower the cancer preventive behavior. The findings suggest that nursing interventions are needed to reduce optimistic bias about cancer and to form a positive attitude towards cancer prevention because an optimistic bias about cancer adversely affects cancer preventive behavior.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China/ethnology ; Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Female ; *Health Behavior ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Japan/ethnology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/ethnology/*prevention & control ; Prejudice ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea ; United States/ethnology ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Teratoma*

PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between soft tissue asymmetry and bone tissue asymmetry using the standardized photographs and the posteroanterior (PA) cephalometric radiographs in mandibular asymmetric patients. And to clarify that the lack of morphologic balance among different skeletal components can often be masked by compensatory soft tissue contributions. METHODS: Experimental group consisted of 58 patients whose chief complaints were facial asymmetry, they were taken with standardized facial photographs and PA cephalometric radiographs. Control group consisted of 30 persons in the normal occlusion. The reproducibility of the facial photograph was confirmed by model test. The differences of fractional vertical height and horizontal width from standardized facial photographs and PA cephalometric radiographs were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: The difference of fractional vertical bone height was 0.63 and fractional vertical soft height was 0.58 in control group, 3.10 and 2.01 in asymmetric group, respectively. The difference of fractional horizontal bone width was 0.52 and fractional horizontal soft width was 0.70 in control group, 2.51 and 1.70 in asymmetric group, respectively. Both soft and bone tissue showed significant difference between control and asymmetric group (p<0.05). The difference of bone tissue was greater than that of soft tissue (p<0.05) in the experimental group but, not in control group. CONCLUSIONS: Soft tissue components may compensate for underlying skeletal imbalances.
Bone and Bones ; Cephalometry ; Facial Asymmetry ; Humans ; Mandible ; Masks ; Radiography

No abstract available.
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease* ; Sterilization, Tubal*

We report a case of pilomatrixoma presenting in the right cheek of a 6-year-old girl. In the panoramic view, a small, ovoid-shaped, and nonhomogenous calcified mass was superimposed on the right mandibular angle. The mass was located on the skin overlying the right mandibular ramus area in the skull P-A view. The tumor had a strongly reflective pattern with acoustic shadowing in sonographic view. We also illustrate how these lesions can be effectively diagnosed.
Acoustics ; Cheek* ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Pilomatrixoma* ; Shadowing (Histology) ; Skin ; Skin Neoplasms ; Skull ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify the relationship between optimistic bias about health crisis and health behavior of Korean adults in a crisis of health, and to prepare baseline data for developing a health education and promotion program. METHODS: Study subjects were 595 adults aged from 19 to 64 who live in Korea. Data were collected through questionnaires administered by one interviewer. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient were calculated using the SPSS program. RESULTS: The average score for optimistic bias about health crisis was 2.69, and that for health behavior was 107.05. The optimistic bias about health crisis showed a significantly positive correlation with health behavior (r=.187, p=.000). CONCLUSION: To make our results more useful, it is necessary to identity the causal relationship between health attitudes as an explanatory variable and optimistic bias as an outcome variable. In addition, a relatively low score in optimistic bias from this research compared to other studies must be explained through further studies considering unique Korean cultural background. Moreover, research of the relationship between optimistic bias about health crisis and health behavior looking at people who don't have good health behaviors is needed.
Adult ; *Attitude to Health ; Demography ; Female ; *Health Behavior ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Questionnaires ; *Self Assessment (Psychology)

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to estimate the radiation absorbed doses in certain critical organs in the head and neck region with 16 imaging programs available on the Orthopos(R) panoramic machine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Rando phantom and LiF TLD chips were used for dosimetry. The absorbed doses were measured at the thyroid gland, the submandibular gland, the parotid gland, the mouth floor, the maxillary sinus, the brain, the mandibular body, the mandibular ramus, the 2nd cervical spine and the skin over TMJ area. RESULTS: The overall absorbed doses with imaging programs available on the Orthopos(R) panoramic machine were much less than that of standard program (program 1) except program 8, 11, and 16. Generally, the absorbed doses to the bone marrow of the mandibular ramus and the parotid gland were high, but the absorbed doses to the bone marrow in the mandibular body, brain, maxillary sinus, and, especially, the thyroid gland were very low. CONCLUSION: The modified imaging programs available on the Orthopos(R) panoramic machine can be effectively used in aspect of radiation protection.
Bone Marrow ; Brain ; Head ; Maxillary Sinus ; Mouth Floor ; Neck ; Parotid Gland ; Radiation Protection ; Radiography ; Skin ; Spine ; Submandibular Gland ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Thyroid Gland

PURPOSE: The aim of present study is to estimate the relationship among reference lines used for taking the extraoral radiography and panoramic radiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lateral cephalographs of 40 adults, aged 22 to 30 years were taken. Angles between reference lines (Frankfort line, canthomeatal line, infraorbitomeatal line, and occlusal plane) were measured. RESULTS: Angles between Frankfort line and canthomeatal line, Frankfort line and infraorbitomeatal line, Frankfort line and occlusal plane, canthomeatal line and infraorbitomeatal line, canthomeatal line and occlusal plane, and infraorbitomeatal line and occlusal plane were 16.1degrees(+/-2.2), 5.8degrees(+/-2.4), 8.7degrees(+/-3.5), 10.3degrees(+/-1.3), 24.8degrees(+/-4.0), and 14.5degrees(+/-4.4), respectively. CONCLUSION: Angle between frankfort and canthomeatal line is very different with commonly known angle. Frankfort horizontal reference lines used for panoramic radiography need an exact definition and more accurate standard is needed for the taking of panoramic radiograph
Adult ; Cephalometry ; Dental Occlusion ; Humans ; Radiography* ; Radiography, Panoramic

Actinomycoces is a gram positive, anaerobic, branching and non-acid fast bacterium which is a normal habitant of the skin, oral cavity, tonsil and gastrointestinal tract and its human infection is rare. Pelvic actinomycoses is frequently caused by Actinomycoces israel-ii. It is chronic, progressive, and more suppurative than granulomatous disease, and the symptoms are usually persistent and gradual, therefore the misdiagnosis and improper trea-tment are not uncommon. Actinomycoses is generally classified as cervicofacial, abdominal and thoracic type ac- cording to the site of the primary infection. Many actinomycotic pelvic infections in women used intrauterine device with long du- ration were reported, in contrast, others suggest that actinomycoces developed opportunistic infection irrespective of intrauterine device presence. We have experienced 4 cases of pelvic actinomycoses, one case with IUD(Lippes' loop) in a 47 year old woman, the other case with abdominal wall ctinomycoses in a 34 year old woman, the third case without IUD in a 41 year old woman, the fourth case with IUD(Cu-7) in a 37 year old woman and reported them with a review of literature.
Abdominal Wall ; Actinomycosis* ; Adult ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Intrauterine Devices ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; Opportunistic Infections ; Palatine Tonsil ; Pelvic Infection ; Skin

Drawing on our observation that many medical professionals have considerable difficulty in using what they know about ethics, we have developed a course for teaching the fifth year medical students a systematic approach to ethical reasoning and problem-solving, rather than teaching bioethical theories or prominent current ethical issues in developed countries. This course consisted of a series of guided group discussions and debates in classroom using over 50 cases classified under seven major headings. Responses and reactions from students and participating clinicians are encouraging. Several ideas for improving medical ethics curricula are discussed, including emphases on the thorough understanding of various aspects of human relations in medical practice, enhancing the ability of articulate the students own values, provoking the student to get involved in the ethical situation when studying the cases, and the need to introduce social science concepts in analyzing the ethical issues in the health care system.
Curriculum ; Delivery of Health Care ; Developed Countries ; Ethics ; Ethics, Medical* ; Head ; Humans ; Social Sciences ; Students, Medical