There are several reports to demonstrate that rifampicin, a major anti-tuberculosis agent, is associated with some adverse renal effects, with a few cases of rifampicin-induced minimal change disease (MCD). In the present case, a 68-year-old female presented with nausea, vomiting, foamy urine, general weakness and edema. She had been taking rifampicin for 4 weeks due to pleural tuberculosis. The patient had no proteinuria before the anti-tuberculosis agents were started, but urine tests upon admission showed heavy proteinuria with a 24-h urinary protein of 9.2 g/day, and serum creatinine, albumin, and total cholesterol levels were 1.36 mg/dL, 2.40 g/dL, and 283 mg/dL, respectively. MCD was diagnosed, and the patient achieved complete remission after cessation of rifampicin without undergoing steroid therapy.
Aged ; Antibiotics, Antitubercular/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Edema/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Function Tests ; Kidney Glomerulus/pathology ; Nausea/etiology ; Nephrosis, Lipoid/*chemically induced/pathology ; Proteinuria ; Remission Induction ; Rifampin/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis, Pleural/*drug therapy

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) that is easily introduced to humans via consumption of grilled or smoked meat. BaP causes harmful oxidative effects on cell development, growth and survival through an increase in membrane lipid peroxidation, oxidative DNA damage and mutagenesis. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the synergistic effects of BaP on oxidative stress in hepatic tumors. In this study, we established a hepatic tumor model by injecting rat hepatoma N1-S1 cells into healthy rats. Changes in the abundance of heat shock proteins (HSPs), antioxidant enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines were then investigated by western blot analysis. In addition, we examined changes in oxidative stress levels. Injection of N1-S1 cells or concomitant injection of BaP and N1-S1 cells resulted in the formation of hepatic tumors at the injection site. Evaluation of rat plasma reveals that hepatic tumors induced by BaP and N1-S1 cells expresses higher levels of Hsp27, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) when compared to those induced by N1-S1 cells only. The collective results of this study suggest that BaP exerts synergistic effects on the expression of HSP, cytokines and antioxidant enzymes in hepatic tumors induced by rat hepatoma N1-S1 cells.
Animals ; Antioxidants/*metabolism ; Benzo(a)pyrene/*pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor/*drug effects ; Cytokines/*metabolism ; Heat-Shock Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/*enzymology/*metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism/pathology ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Allgrove syndrome, also known as Tripple A syndrome is characterized by ACTH-resistant adrenal insufficiency, achalasia of esophagus and alacrima. Since its first description by Allgrove et al. (1978), more than 60 cases from all over the world have been reported. In Korea, however, there was no report of this Allgrove syndrome. We report studies on a 18-year old male patient with this rare triad. The patient had alacrima from birth; isolated glucocorticoids deficiency had been diagnosed at 6 years of age and achalasia at age 18. We report the case with the review of literature.
Adolescent ; Adrenal Insufficiency ; Esophageal Achalasia ; Esophagus ; Glucocorticoids ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Parturition

Background: Recently, microbiome research has been actively conducted for various skin areas. However, no study has yet compared the microbiome of bacteria and fungi in the ear canal of healthy individuals and patients with chronic otitis externa in Korea. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the difference in the distribution of fungal and bacterial microbial communities in ear canal samples of healthy individuals and patients with chronic otitis externa. Methods: In 24 patients with bilateral chronic otitis externa and 24 healthy controls, cotton swabs were used to obtain samples from the bilateral ear canal. To characterize the fungal and bacterial communities, we sequenced and analyzed the 16S rRNA V4–V5 and ITS1 regions using Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology 2, respectively. Results: The alpha diversity analysis for bacteria and fungi confirmed that both richness and evenness decreased in the patient group. The beta diversity analysis for bacteria confirmed that these parameters differed between the control and patient groups. The beta diversity analysis for fungi showed no difference between the groups. Conclusion We observed different skin microbiomes in the patients with chronic otitis externa compared with those in the healthy individuals.

Propofol is an intravenous hypnotic agent that is generally used for sedation in the intensive care unit and for induction of anesthesia during minimally invasive surgery, endoscopy, and plastic surgery in local clinics. Low blood pressure and transient apnea might occur under propofol sedation, whereas stress-induced cardiomyopathy is a very rare complication. We herein describe a case involving a 25-year-old woman without cardiovascular risk factors who developed stress-induced cardiomyopathy after propofol injection for anesthesia and was treated with conservative treatment. This case reminds us that clinicians should consider the possible occurrence of stress-induced cardiomyopathy after anesthesia using propofol, even in patients without cardiovascular risk factors.
Adult ; Anesthesia* ; Apnea ; Cardiomyopathies* ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Intensive Care Units ; Propofol* ; Risk Factors ; Surgery, Plastic ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive

OBJECTIVES: The presence of chronic low oxygen delivery to the tissues (blood flow X Hb concentration X arterovenous oxygen content difference) in patients with chronic lung disease (CLD) leads to a aggravated dyspnea. Therefore, total oxygen delivery to the tissues is a reverse correlation with severity of dyspnea. So far, the treatment of patients with CLD has been limited to only the increase of ventilation and perfusion capacity. However, this study focused on the capacity of oxygen delivery to the tissues in patients with CLD. We measured blood oxygen parameters as one of the extended approaches. METHOD: Simultaneous arterial and venous blood samples from 15 patients with CLD at rest were evaluated for 2.3-DPG, CO-Hb (Carboxy-monohe-moglobin), Met-Hb (methomoglobin), ABGA (Arterial blood gas analysis), VBGA (Venous blood gas analysis) and Hb (Hemoglobin). Smokers and patients with other disease were excluded from the study in order to avoid the factors (2.3-DPG, CO-Hb etc.) which can shift the oxygen dissociation curve. There were 12 men and 3 women, ranging in age from 40 to 75 years. The disease onset varied from 3 years to more than 30 years. RESULTS: 1) As total oxygen delivery to the tissues decreased, Ao2(Arterial oxygen partial pressure) and A-VCb (Arteriovenous oxygen content difference) decreased, while 2.3-DPG increased. Total oxygen delivary to the tissues showed a significant correlation with more A-V and 2.3-DPG than AO2. 2) AO2 had a correlation with A-VO2 but AO2 did not clearly reflect A-VO2. 3) 2.3-DPG activity depended on more A-VO2 than AO2. 4) As A-VO2 decreased, there was more significant relationship among 2.3-DPG, A-VO2 and tissue oxygen delivery. 5) A-VO2 showed a significant reverse correlation with 2.3-DPG as well as Met-Hb % + CO-Hb %. 6) ACO2 (arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure) showed a correlation with 2.3-DPG as well as A-VO2. 7) Arterial PH did not correlate with 2.3-DPG as well as A-V. CONCLUSION: 1) AO2 in patient with CLD correlated with A-VO2 but AO2 did not clearly reflect A-V. 2) Total oxygen delivery (severity of dyspnea) showed a significant correlation with more A-VO2 and 2.3-DPG than AO2. 3) 2.3-DPG activity depended on more A-VO2 than AO2. 4) 2.3-DPG activity had a reverse correlation with A-V in spite that 2.3-DPG shifts the oxygen dissociation curve to the right, because 2.3-DPG shift is secondary change associated with the low oxygen delivery to the tissues, More extensive k prospective investigations are needed to clearly define correlation among A-VO2, 2.3-DPG and prognosis of patients with CLD.
Carbon Dioxide ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lung Diseases* ; Lung* ; Male ; Oxygen* ; Perfusion ; Prognosis ; Ventilation

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The buttonhole technique, in which needle insertion during cannulation is always into the same site, confers advantages including ease of cannulation, ease of achieving hemostasis, and reduced pain compared with rope-ladder needling. We introduced the buttonhole technique in hemodialysis patients experiencing pain during needling. None of the disadvantages associated with the buttonhole technique, such as infection or access events, were observed, due to the short duration of the study. METHODS: Patients undergoing buttonhole needling were observed prospectively. Data were collected on the following parameters: infectious complications, hospitalizations and access events. We compared buttonhole and rope-ladder needling using baseline data. RESULTS: A total of 48 patients (34 males; mean age = 49.4 +/- 13.8 years) were enrolled. Seven patients were excluded: in three patients, the buttonhole technique failed to form a tract, three others underwent kidney transplantation, and one was lost to follow-up. The remaining 41 patients were followed for 15.7 +/- 4.7 months. Thirteen patients suffered infections, as follows: local infections (n = 5), pneumonia (n = 3), bacteremia (n = 2), cellulitis (n = 1), osteomyelitis (n = 1), and liver abscess (n = 1). There were no significant differences between the rope-ladder and buttonhole needling techniques in rates of infection, hospitalization or vascular access events. CONCLUSIONS: The infection rate and access event frequency associated with buttonhole needling did not differ in relation to that of rope-ladder needling.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Bacteremia ; Catheterization ; Cellulitis ; Hemostasis ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Liver Abscess ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Male ; Needles ; Osteomyelitis ; Pneumonia ; Prospective Studies ; Renal Dialysis*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The buttonhole technique, in which needle insertion during cannulation is always into the same site, confers advantages including ease of cannulation, ease of achieving hemostasis, and reduced pain compared with rope-ladder needling. We introduced the buttonhole technique in hemodialysis patients experiencing pain during needling. None of the disadvantages associated with the buttonhole technique, such as infection or access events, were observed, due to the short duration of the study. METHODS: Patients undergoing buttonhole needling were observed prospectively. Data were collected on the following parameters: infectious complications, hospitalizations and access events. We compared buttonhole and rope-ladder needling using baseline data. RESULTS: A total of 48 patients (34 males; mean age = 49.4 +/- 13.8 years) were enrolled. Seven patients were excluded: in three patients, the buttonhole technique failed to form a tract, three others underwent kidney transplantation, and one was lost to follow-up. The remaining 41 patients were followed for 15.7 +/- 4.7 months. Thirteen patients suffered infections, as follows: local infections (n = 5), pneumonia (n = 3), bacteremia (n = 2), cellulitis (n = 1), osteomyelitis (n = 1), and liver abscess (n = 1). There were no significant differences between the rope-ladder and buttonhole needling techniques in rates of infection, hospitalization or vascular access events. CONCLUSIONS: The infection rate and access event frequency associated with buttonhole needling did not differ in relation to that of rope-ladder needling.
Arteriovenous Fistula ; Bacteremia ; Catheterization ; Cellulitis ; Hemostasis ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Liver Abscess ; Lost to Follow-Up ; Male ; Needles ; Osteomyelitis ; Pneumonia ; Prospective Studies ; Renal Dialysis*

Oxaliplatin with 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin (FOLFOX) has become the standard treatment in patients with colorectal cancer. Among known toxicities induced by oxaliplatin, hematological, gastrointestinal and neurological toxicities are common. However, acute pulmonary toxicity associated with oxaliplatin is unusual. One case of interstitial lung disease associated with the FOLFOX protocol is reported here.
Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Fluorouracil/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Leucovorin/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/chemically induced/*etiology/radiography ; Male ; Organoplatinum Compounds/*adverse effects/therapeutic use

Oxaliplatin with 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin (FOLFOX) has become the standard treatment in patients with colorectal cancer. Among known toxicities induced by oxaliplatin, hematological, gastrointestinal and neurological toxicities are common. However, acute pulmonary toxicity associated with oxaliplatin is unusual. One case of interstitial lung disease associated with the FOLFOX protocol is reported here.
Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Fluorouracil/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Leucovorin/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/chemically induced/*etiology/radiography ; Male ; Organoplatinum Compounds/*adverse effects/therapeutic use