Xanthomas are benign lesions characterized by the aggregation of lipid-laden histiocytes and foamy cells within tissues. Intraosseous xanthomas (IOXs), especially those in the jaw bone, are rare, with only around 50 cases documented. This case report describes an IOX located at an osteotomy site in the mandible during sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO). Preoperative radiographs revealed a heterogenic radiolucent-radiopaque lesion in the right ramus. After meticulous curettage of the lesion, proximal and distal segments were fixed in the semi-rigid plates and screws. At the one-year followup, radiographs showed excellent bony union between proximal and distal segments, with no significant interval change. IOXs rarely occur in the jaw.However, their predilection for the posterior mandible suggests that such lesions can be encountered during orthognathic surgery. This report demonstrates the feasibility of performing SSRO directly through the lesion with concurrent curettage without compromising surgical outcomes. This case will contribute to the limited literature on IOX of the jaw bone and its treatment via SSRO as a feasible surgical option in concomitant orthognathic surgery.

Xanthomas are benign lesions characterized by the aggregation of lipid-laden histiocytes and foamy cells within tissues. Intraosseous xanthomas (IOXs), especially those in the jaw bone, are rare, with only around 50 cases documented. This case report describes an IOX located at an osteotomy site in the mandible during sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO). Preoperative radiographs revealed a heterogenic radiolucent-radiopaque lesion in the right ramus. After meticulous curettage of the lesion, proximal and distal segments were fixed in the semi-rigid plates and screws. At the one-year followup, radiographs showed excellent bony union between proximal and distal segments, with no significant interval change. IOXs rarely occur in the jaw.However, their predilection for the posterior mandible suggests that such lesions can be encountered during orthognathic surgery. This report demonstrates the feasibility of performing SSRO directly through the lesion with concurrent curettage without compromising surgical outcomes. This case will contribute to the limited literature on IOX of the jaw bone and its treatment via SSRO as a feasible surgical option in concomitant orthognathic surgery.

Xanthomas are benign lesions characterized by the aggregation of lipid-laden histiocytes and foamy cells within tissues. Intraosseous xanthomas (IOXs), especially those in the jaw bone, are rare, with only around 50 cases documented. This case report describes an IOX located at an osteotomy site in the mandible during sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO). Preoperative radiographs revealed a heterogenic radiolucent-radiopaque lesion in the right ramus. After meticulous curettage of the lesion, proximal and distal segments were fixed in the semi-rigid plates and screws. At the one-year followup, radiographs showed excellent bony union between proximal and distal segments, with no significant interval change. IOXs rarely occur in the jaw.However, their predilection for the posterior mandible suggests that such lesions can be encountered during orthognathic surgery. This report demonstrates the feasibility of performing SSRO directly through the lesion with concurrent curettage without compromising surgical outcomes. This case will contribute to the limited literature on IOX of the jaw bone and its treatment via SSRO as a feasible surgical option in concomitant orthognathic surgery.

Concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) treated patients experience various complications. We present a rare case of post-CCRT Bell's palsy and describe its various possible causes, so as to increase awareness among clinicians about Bell’s palsy being a CCRT-associated adverse effect. The patient was a 48-year-old man diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma who presented with post-CCRT Bell’s palsy. After radiotherapy for 6 weeks (overall 67.5 Gy) and four rounds of cisplatin chemotherapy, he complained of paralysis of the entire left face. A test was performed 33 days after the last CCRT session to differentiate Bell’s palsy from other causative factors. Based on magnetic resonance imaging findings, facial nerve invasion due to tumor size increase was determined to not cause Bell’s palsy. Inflammation of the left Eustachian tube was observed. Hence, steroids and famciclovir were administered, which markedly improved the facial paralysis symptoms within 56 days after facial paralysis development. In conclusion, patients can develop Bell's palsy owing to complex effects of various CCRT mechanisms. Although the exact cause of Bell's palsy has not been identified and the effectiveness of drug treatment was questionable in this case, unlikely causative factors should be excluded through various tests and appropriate and timely measures must be adopted.

OBJECTIVE: Although previous trials suggested a relationship between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic inflammatory response, clinical utility of NLR and PLR in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not well defined. This study was conducted to assess the efficiency of NLR and PLR as an inflammatory index in patients with RA. METHODS: A total of 107 patients with newly diagnosed RA who had never used steroid and a control group of 50 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects whose high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was within normal range were included. Those with cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, malignancies, or any cardiovascular diseases were excluded from both groups. The patients were divided into two groups according to the Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28). Group 1 included patients with a DAS28 score of 3.2 and lower (low disease activity) and group 2 included patients with a score higher than 3.2 (moderate to high disease activity). RESULTS: NLR and PLR in the patient group were 2.99±2.04, 170.90±86.49, significantly higher than that of the control group. NLR and PLR in group 2 were 4.16±2.50, 225.23±93.21, significantly higher than those of group 1 patients (2.26±1.22, 137.15±61.92). NLR and PLR both showed correlation with rheumatoid factor, hsCRP, serum albumin, Korean Heath Assesment Questionnaire, and DAS28. CONCLUSION: These data showed a positive correlation between NLR or PLR level and RA disease activity, suggesting that NLR or PLR can be used as an additional inflammatory marker in patients with RA.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Equidae ; Humans ; Joints ; Reference Values ; Rheumatoid Factor ; Serum Albumin

Gitelman syndrome is a condition caused by a mutation of the thiazide sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter gene on the distal convoluted tubule. It results in a variety of clinical features, including hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, and metabolic alkalosis. It is often diagnosed in asymptomatic adults presented with unexplained hypokalemia; however, it is sometimes associated with muscular cramps, numbness, fatigue, weakness, or paralysis. We experienced a case of rheumatoid arthritis accompanied by Gitelman syndrome, presented with hand tremor. We diagnosed her using renal clearance study and genetic analysis. Here, we report our experiences regarding this case along with a literature review.
Adult ; Alkalosis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Fatigue ; Furosemide ; Genetic Testing ; Gitelman Syndrome* ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Hypokalemia ; Muscle Cramp ; Paralysis ; Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3 ; Thiazides ; Tremor

Gitelman syndrome is a condition caused by a mutation of the thiazide sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter gene on the distal convoluted tubule. It results in a variety of clinical features, including hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalciuria, and metabolic alkalosis. It is often diagnosed in asymptomatic adults presented with unexplained hypokalemia; however, it is sometimes associated with muscular cramps, numbness, fatigue, weakness, or paralysis. We experienced a case of rheumatoid arthritis accompanied by Gitelman syndrome, presented with hand tremor. We diagnosed her using renal clearance study and genetic analysis. Here, we report our experiences regarding this case along with a literature review.
Adult ; Alkalosis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Fatigue ; Furosemide ; Genetic Testing ; Gitelman Syndrome ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypesthesia ; Hypokalemia ; Muscle Cramp ; Paralysis ; Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3 ; Thiazides ; Tremor

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the natural history of symptomatic hands without electrodiagnostic evidence of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). METHOD: This study was comprised of 88 hands of 49 subjects with symptoms consistent with CTS without median mononeuropathy who were recruited during a community health examination and followed after two years. 88 hands of 44 people with age and sex-matched healthy controls were followed for comparison. Symptoms and electrodiagnostic findings were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: 62 hands of the symptomatic group had persistent symptoms after 2 years while 16 hands of the control group had symptoms consistent with CTS. Median motor distal latencies were significantly delayed after two years in the symptomatic group (p<0.05). Median sensory latencies were also delayed in the symptomatic group, but this was not statistically significant (p=0.064). The occurrence rate of median mononeuropathy at wrist was significantly higher in the symptomatic group than in the control group (13.6% vs. 2.3%)(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggested that a significant number of symptomatic hands without electrodiagnostic evidence of CTS may have persistent symptoms and may progress to electrodiagnostically evident CTS.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Hand* ; Mononeuropathies ; Natural History ; Wrist

OBJECTIVE: To find a new method and usefulness of study on sensory nerve conduction of lateral sural cutaneous nerve (LSCN). METHOD: The 60 extremities of 30 adults without peripheral neuropathy were placed in a prone position. Next, each subject was administered with an antidromic stimulation at a point 3 cm lateral from the center of the popliteal fossa. With the aid of active electrodes, the sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) were recorded at points 10 cm inferior and 1 cm lateral to the stimulation site. The method of sensory nerve conduction study suggested by Campagnolo et al. was performed simultaneously, to compare of the frequency of SNAPs and the amplitudes. RESULTS: For the sensory nerve conduction study of the LSCN suggested in this report, SNAPs were obtained in 49 extremities, with a revelation rate of 81.7%. The mean amplitude was 11.91+/-3.68micronV. In the results of the tests suggested by Campagnolo et al., the SNAPs were obtained in 29 extremities, with a revelation rate of 48.3%. The mean amplitude was 8.37+/-5.21micronV. Significance testing of the electrodiagnostic method recommended in this study revealed that many SNAPs were observed for the LSCN, with statistically significant action potential amplitudes. CONCLUSION: This study presents the new method and reference values of sensory nerve conduction for LSCN, which is thought to be useful in electrodiagnostic studies to diagnose entrapment neuropathy.
Action Potentials ; Adult ; Electrodes ; Electromyography ; Extremities ; Humans ; Nerve Compression Syndromes ; Neural Conduction ; Organic Chemicals ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Peroneal Nerve ; Prone Position ; Reference Values ; Sural Nerve

PURPOSE: E2F3 is important for cell cycle regulation and DNA replication. Recent studies have reported that members of the E2F family can play specific and diverse roles in the tumorigenesis of human malignancies, and the E2F3 expression appears to provide a growth advantage to tumor cells by activating cell proliferation in bladder tumors. We studied the prognostic significance of E2F3 expression in bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined the expression of E2F3 with using immunohistochemical staining in the tumor samples from 109 patients suffering with bladder cancer, and we analyzed the prognostic significance of E2F3 according to the grade, stage, recurrence and progression of bladder cancer. RESULTS: We found positive staining for E2F3 in 23 cases (21.1%). The E2F3 expression was correlated with the tumor stage (superficial vs. invasive, p<0.001) and the tumor grade (p=0.001). The E2F3 expression was not correlated with the recurrence and progression of superficial bladder cancer. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, our results showed that the E2F3 expression was observed in a portion of the bladder cancer specimens. These results suggest that E2F3 may contribute to the development of bladder cancer, but it may not play a role as a prognostic factor of bladder cancer.
Carcinogenesis ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA Replication ; E2F3 Transcription Factor ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*