Infrahepatic interruption of the inferior vena cava with azygos continuation is relatively infrequent cardiovascular developmental anomaly occurring both in association with congenital heart disease and as an isolated anomaly of no hemodynamic importance. During the past 5 years, we observed 38 cases of infrahepatic interruption of IVC with azygos continuation out of 2,397 cases of congenital heart disease catheterized at Yonsei Cardiovascular Center. We conducted the study with a view point of position of the heart and abdominal organs and segmental analysis of the underlying congenital heart disease. We also analysed the associated exracardiac vascular anomalies The following results wer obtained: 1) The incidence of this anomaly among congenital heart disease was 1.7% and the sex ratio 1.4:1. Twenty four cases(63.1%) was below 5 years of age and 30 cases (79.0%) had cyanosis. 2) We observed 21 cases (55.2%) with the malposition of the heart and 17 cases (44.8%) with malposition of the abdominal organs. The ventricular loops revealed D-loop in 25 cases, L-loop in 5 cases and in the remaining 7 cases, it was uncertain. Eighteen showed normally related great arteries and malposition was present in another 18 cases. 3) Associatcd cardiovascular anomalics wcre as follows: right-sidcd aortic arch: 12 cases, patentductus arteriosus: 10 cases, pulmonic stenosis: 19 cases and bilateral superior vena cava: 9 cases. In conclusion, the presence of this anomaly should alert one to seek the severeintracardiac anomalies which are usually associated with it. Also, it is essential that, if any patient with this anomaly should come to thoracotomy, the azygos vein be not sacrificed.
Aorta, Thoracic ; Arteries ; Azygos Vein ; Catheters ; Cyanosis ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis ; Sex Ratio ; Thoracotomy ; Vena Cava, Inferior ; Vena Cava, Superior

No abstract available.
Aneurysm* ; Child* ; Diagnosis* ; Echocardiography* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Diatomaceous Earth* ; Pneumoconiosis*

The pressure and resistance of the pulmonary artery are the most important factors when evaluating the congenital heart disease. They are easily measured by the cardiac catheterization, but this procedure is a invasive technique, and difficult to perform repeatedly. There were some reports to estimate the pulmory artery pressure by using non-invasive techniques, such as the echocardiography. The accuracy and the application of the estimate derived from this technique is still a matter of controversy. We estimate the right ventricular pressure by the real time two dimensional echocardiography. The way to measure accuracy for this technique is by of camparing the estimate the right ventricular pressure derived by the echocardiograpy against the right ventricular pressure measured by the cardiac catheterization. The diameter of the left ventricle in the plane of the papillary muscles in measured by short axis view from parasternal positions at the end-systolic phase. The diameter between the interventricular sulcus[B] and the longest vertical from to the interventricular septum[C] are measured. The relationship between the ration, C/B by the two-dimensional echocardiography and the RVP/LVP by the cardiac catheterization is relatively well correlated(r=-0.88). Thus we may conclude that measuring the right ventricular pressure by using the two-dimensional echocardiography is relatively accurate and should be used for evaluating the congenital heart disease.
Arteries ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Echocardiography* ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Heart Ventricles ; Papillary Muscles ; Pulmonary Artery ; Ventricular Pressure*

A total of 120 infants, children, and teenagers, who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Severance Hospital from April 1989 to August 1989, were examined by cross-sectional echocardiography. Right and left atrial and ventricular dimensions and areas were measured in the parasternal, apical, and subcostal views. Dimensions of the inferior caval vein, the pulmonary and the aorta were obtained in the parasternal, suprasternal, and subcostal views. The results were as follows : 1) Statistical analysis showed no difference between boys and girls. 2) For all parameters, a positive linear correlation was found with age, height, weight, and body surface area. The best correlation was with body surface area. 3) The correlation was further improved if the logarithmic values of the measurements and body surface area were considered. 4) Measurements by cross-sectional echocardiography are clinically useful, especially in the study of the right-sided cardiac structures that are difficult to evaluate with M-mode echocardiography, but the problems of reproducibility have to be taken into account.
Adolescent ; Aorta ; Body Surface Area ; Child* ; Echocardiography* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant* ; Pediatrics ; Reference Values ; Veins

The congenital diverticulum of ventricle is a rare cardiac malformation arising from the left or right ventricle, the former being more common. Ventricular diverticulum is usually associated with other anomalies including intracardiac, midline thoracic, diaphragmatic and abdominal wall defect. The authors experienced a case of congenital diverticulum of left ventricle in nine month-old female infant. Left Blolock-Taussig shunt operation was done and total correction will be done later. Thereafter we presented a case with brief review of the related literatures.
Abdominal Wall ; Diverticulum* ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Infant ; Pulmonary Atresia*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Catheters* ; Heart Defects, Congenital*

Bilateral coronary artery fistula is very uncommon congenital anomaly which occupy small percentage of all congenital coronary artery fistula. About 20% of the cases associated with additional congenital heart disease. And it may cause congestive heart failure, especially severely in neonate. We experienced a case of neonate who was 1 day-old-male with bilateral coronary artery-right ventricular fistula associated with atrial septal defect and congestive heart failure. The Patient was admitted because dyspnea, cyanosis since birth. 2D ecgicardiogram and cardiac catheterization revealed that a fistulous communicating ; forming a large aneurysm, was noted from bilateral coronary artery emptied into the right ventricle, and there was oxygen step-up in right ventricle.
Aneurysm ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Coronary Vessels ; Cyanosis ; Dyspnea ; Fistula* ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Failure ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial* ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Oxygen ; Parturition

PURPOSE: The authors reviewed clinical features, response to treatment and recurrence rate of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on 6 patients, who fulfilled the diagnosis for Tolosa-Hunt syndrome according to the International Headache Society (IHS) classification of 2004. RESULTS: Every patient had orbital pain as a first symptom, followed by cranial nerve paresis. The third cranial nerve was most commonly involved (83.3%), followed by the sixth nerve (50%), the forth nerve (16.7%), and the first branch of the fifth cranial nerve (16.7%). Two of the patients showed multiple cranial nerve paresis (33.3%, 2 out of 6). All patients received high-dose steroid therapy for more than 5 days, and all patients had resolution of orbital pain within 72 hours of treatment. Full recovery of cranial nerve paresis occurred on average in 2.3 months (3 days to 12 months). During the 29 months of follow-up, 2 patients (33.3%) had a recurrence episode. CONCLUSIONS: Tolosa-Hunt syndrome responds well to steroid therapy, and full recovery is possible with proper treatment. The exact diagnosis and treatment of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is important. Because Tolosa-Hunt syndrome often recurs after full recovery, the authors suggest a minimum follow-up period of 2 years.
Cranial Nerves ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Oculomotor Nerve ; Orbit ; Paresis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome ; Trigeminal Nerve