BACKGROUND: Despite the adverse impact that being overweight or obese has on cardiovascular disorders, numerous studies have addressed the 'obesity paradox', which suggests that obese persons seem to have a better prognosis with these conditions than those with a normal body mass index (BMI). In addition, the effect of BMI on outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains controversial. METHODS: Our subjects included 457 patients who had undergone PCI for AMI between January 1, 2009 and September 30, 2011. They were classified into 3 groups according to baseline BMI - normal weight (BMI<23 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 23-25 kg/m2), obesity (BMI>25 kg/m2). Clinical characteristic and cardiovascular risk factors and major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including death after PCI, were compared among the groups. RESULTS: Overweight or obese subjects were younger (P<0.001) and associated with higher left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) (P=0.012) and less frequency of MACE (P=0.003). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that independent predictors for death and MACE were not obesity but age (P=0.006, P=0.017), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.002, P=0.005) and LVEF (P=0.001, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, BMI had no effect on MACE in patients undergoing primary PCI for AMI. The phenomenon, 'obesity paradox', may be explained by the possibility that AMI was diagnosed at a younger age in obese patients and that these younger patients had higher LVEFs than the other groups in this study.
Angioplasty ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Lipoproteins ; Logistic Models ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: Limited data are available for gender-based differences among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing coronary revascularization in Korea. The purpose of this study is to identify gender-based differences in clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes among Korean patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: Patients with AMI undergoing PCI between Jan 2009 and Sep 2011 were included (n = 457) in the study. Clinical characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors as well as major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including death after PCI, were compared between women (n = 134) and men (n = 323). RESULTS: Women were older (69.8 +/- 10.7 vs. 60.0 +/- 11.7 years, p < .001) and had more comorbidities, such as diabetes (44.0% vs. 32.8%, p = .025) and hypertension (64.9% vs. 48.9%, p = .002) compared to men. Women were less likely to have a smoking history (p < .001). There were no significant differences in all causes of death and in MACE between women and men. By the multivariate analysis, age, HDL-cholesterol and left ventricle ejection fraction are associated with mortality and MACE. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, women did not emerge as an independent predictor for MACE; however, they were older and had a higher incidence of hypertension and diabetes than men.
Angioplasty ; Cause of Death ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Korea ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Myocardial Infarction ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking

Purpose: This study assessed the effects of a psychiatric nursing class applying an escape room activity on nursing students’ knowledge, proactivity in problem-solving, teamwork, and learning satisfaction. Methods: A non-equivalent control group design with pretest-posttest measures was employed. In total, 82 nursing students taking psychiatric nursing participated in the study, with 39 in the experimental group and 43 in the control group. The experimental group participated in an escape room activity, while the control group engaged in a scenario-based group discussion for 50 minutes. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with SPSS/WIN version 29. Results: No statistically significant differences were identified between the groups in terms of knowledge, proactivity in problem-solving, teamwork, and learning satisfaction. However, proactivity in problem-solving (Z=-3.47, p<.001) and teamwork (Z=-3.55, p<.001) were significantly increased for the experimental group in the post-test, while knowledge (Z=-2.40, p=.027), proactivity in problem-solving (Z=-3.96, p<.001), and teamwork (Z=-2.08, p=.037) were significantly increased in the control group when compared to the pretests. Conclusion Both the escape room activity and the group discussion were effective in improving proactivity in problem solving and teamwork among nursing students and should therefore be incorporated into classes.

Purpose: This study assessed the effects of a psychiatric nursing class applying an escape room activity on nursing students’ knowledge, proactivity in problem-solving, teamwork, and learning satisfaction. Methods: A non-equivalent control group design with pretest-posttest measures was employed. In total, 82 nursing students taking psychiatric nursing participated in the study, with 39 in the experimental group and 43 in the control group. The experimental group participated in an escape room activity, while the control group engaged in a scenario-based group discussion for 50 minutes. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with SPSS/WIN version 29. Results: No statistically significant differences were identified between the groups in terms of knowledge, proactivity in problem-solving, teamwork, and learning satisfaction. However, proactivity in problem-solving (Z=-3.47, p<.001) and teamwork (Z=-3.55, p<.001) were significantly increased for the experimental group in the post-test, while knowledge (Z=-2.40, p=.027), proactivity in problem-solving (Z=-3.96, p<.001), and teamwork (Z=-2.08, p=.037) were significantly increased in the control group when compared to the pretests. Conclusion Both the escape room activity and the group discussion were effective in improving proactivity in problem solving and teamwork among nursing students and should therefore be incorporated into classes.

Purpose: This study assessed the effects of a psychiatric nursing class applying an escape room activity on nursing students’ knowledge, proactivity in problem-solving, teamwork, and learning satisfaction. Methods: A non-equivalent control group design with pretest-posttest measures was employed. In total, 82 nursing students taking psychiatric nursing participated in the study, with 39 in the experimental group and 43 in the control group. The experimental group participated in an escape room activity, while the control group engaged in a scenario-based group discussion for 50 minutes. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with SPSS/WIN version 29. Results: No statistically significant differences were identified between the groups in terms of knowledge, proactivity in problem-solving, teamwork, and learning satisfaction. However, proactivity in problem-solving (Z=-3.47, p<.001) and teamwork (Z=-3.55, p<.001) were significantly increased for the experimental group in the post-test, while knowledge (Z=-2.40, p=.027), proactivity in problem-solving (Z=-3.96, p<.001), and teamwork (Z=-2.08, p=.037) were significantly increased in the control group when compared to the pretests. Conclusion Both the escape room activity and the group discussion were effective in improving proactivity in problem solving and teamwork among nursing students and should therefore be incorporated into classes.

Purpose: This study assessed the effects of a psychiatric nursing class applying an escape room activity on nursing students’ knowledge, proactivity in problem-solving, teamwork, and learning satisfaction. Methods: A non-equivalent control group design with pretest-posttest measures was employed. In total, 82 nursing students taking psychiatric nursing participated in the study, with 39 in the experimental group and 43 in the control group. The experimental group participated in an escape room activity, while the control group engaged in a scenario-based group discussion for 50 minutes. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test with SPSS/WIN version 29. Results: No statistically significant differences were identified between the groups in terms of knowledge, proactivity in problem-solving, teamwork, and learning satisfaction. However, proactivity in problem-solving (Z=-3.47, p<.001) and teamwork (Z=-3.55, p<.001) were significantly increased for the experimental group in the post-test, while knowledge (Z=-2.40, p=.027), proactivity in problem-solving (Z=-3.96, p<.001), and teamwork (Z=-2.08, p=.037) were significantly increased in the control group when compared to the pretests. Conclusion Both the escape room activity and the group discussion were effective in improving proactivity in problem solving and teamwork among nursing students and should therefore be incorporated into classes.