PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand the meaning of experiences in home visiting nursing service among the elderly in community provided by nursing students. METHOD: This is a phenomenological study to investigate the experience of community-based patients. Data were collected through in-depth interviews from the 4th of March to the 15th of December 2003. Individual interviews were conducted with 8 patients on subjective experiences. Data were analyzed through Colaizzi's method, in which meaningful statements were extracted. RESULT: Four categories were identified from nine theme clusters. The four categories were 'thankfulness', 'dependence', 'sorrowfulness' and 'the sense of being'. CONCLUSION: These results show the importance of visiting nursing service for the elderly in community.
Aged* ; House Calls* ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Nursing Services* ; Qualitative Research ; Students, Nursing

BACKGROUND: The usage of appropriate disinfectants is essential for infection control in a hospital. Inadequate use of disinfectants is the cause of human or environmental toxicity and is a waste of cost. The objective of this study was to describe the status of the usage of disinfectants in Korean hospitals. METHOD: One hundred and eighty three hospitals of over 300 beds were investigated by a questionnaire distributed by mall. Data collection was done on November 1999. The questionnaire was made by the Association of Infection Control Nurses in Korea, based on references and protocols of the Korean Society of Nosocomial Infection Control. Numerical and percentage data were analyzed by SPSS. RESULTS: The collection rate of the questionnaire was 43.7% (80/300). Thirty five hospitals (46.7%) had an official process in selecting disinfectants in their hospitals. Regarding skin antiseptics, 10% povidone iodine and 70% alcohol were commonly used in skin preparation for intravenous catheterization or pre-operative skin disinfection, For disinfection of mucosal membranes such as mouth and periurethral area, 3% boric acid solution or 3% H202 were used. Most of the hospitals decontaminated contaminated medical instruments manually with dodecyl diamino ethyl glycine (20.8%). glutaraldehyde (15.6%). quaternary ammonium compounds (13.8%), virkon (12.3%) and sodium hypochlorites (11.7%). Glutaraldehyde and virkon were frequently used for disinfection of endoscopes. Sodium hypochlorites (48.9%) and quaternary ammonium compounds (19.8%) were the most commonly used environmental disinfectants. Some noticeable problems in disinfectants were as follows. First, for mouth care, many hospitals (41.7%) over-used boric acid, which has cumulative toxicity for humans. Second, many hospitals had an incorrect protocol of disinfecting endoscopes. Third, for environmental decontamination and instrument cleaning, some hospitals used high level disinfectants such as glutaraldehyde, which is too costly and provides unnecessary safety problems. Fourth, after patient discharge, many hospitals did not use disinfectants at all. Considering the specific Korean medical environment of high incidence of multi-drug resistant microorganisms, use of disinfectants for discharged environments may be warranted. CONCLUSION: This study included only hospitals of over 300 beds, which has a limitation in representing the status of disinfectants usage in a country. However, significant problems from misunderstanding the basic principles of disinfectants and misusages of disinfectants were observed in this investigation. These observations will provide useful information for designing a guideline for the appropriate uses and for efficient education of disinfectants, and also for planning a national control program for proper disinfectants usage in this country.
Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Cross Infection ; Data Collection ; Decontamination ; Disinfectants* ; Disinfection ; Education ; Endoscopes ; Glutaral ; Glycine ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infection Control ; Korea* ; Membranes ; Mouth ; Patient Discharge ; Povidone-Iodine ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Skin ; Sodium ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The distribution of pemphigus subclass autoantibodies in a patient with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) has been investigated by semiquantitative indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), using the HP series monoclonal antibodies specific for four human IgG subclasses on human foreskins. IgG1 and IgG4 intercellular substance-specific autoantibodies were detected in the serum of the patient, whereas IgG2 and IgG3 autoantibodies were absent. In addition to foreskins, human tonsillar epithelia were used as substrates of IIF for detecting the PV autoantibodies and it was one of satisfactory substitutes for monkey esophagus.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Autoantibodies* ; Esophagus ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ; Foreskin ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Pemphigus*

No abstract available.
Arginine* ; Humans* ; Semen*

No abstract available.
Arginine* ; Humans* ; Semen*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Humans

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on cancer patients with sleep disorder. Methods: A total of 4,246 studies published between 2000 and 2018 were identified by searching NDSL, RISS, Koreamed, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. Seventeen of these studies were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis.Data were analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) Ver. 3.4.1 program, and the effect sizes were shown using Hedges’ g score. Results: Intervention studies included 8 studies on exercise, 4 studies on cognitive-behavioral therapy, 2 studies on music, and 1 study each on aromatherapy, massage, and mindfulness-based stress reduction. The overall controlled effect size was .78 (95% Confidence Interval=.40, 1.16, Z=4.02, p<.001), using a random effects model. Conclusion Through this study, it was found that the effects of exercise (walking), aromatherapy, massage, and music intervention were all statistically significant. As such, the findings of this study provide evidence supporting the incorporation of various non-pharmacological interventions into nursing practice to improve sleep quality in patients with sleep disorder.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of non-pharmacological interventions on cancer patients with sleep disorder. Methods: A total of 4,246 studies published between 2000 and 2018 were identified by searching NDSL, RISS, Koreamed, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL. Seventeen of these studies were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis.Data were analyzed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) Ver. 3.4.1 program, and the effect sizes were shown using Hedges’ g score. Results: Intervention studies included 8 studies on exercise, 4 studies on cognitive-behavioral therapy, 2 studies on music, and 1 study each on aromatherapy, massage, and mindfulness-based stress reduction. The overall controlled effect size was .78 (95% Confidence Interval=.40, 1.16, Z=4.02, p<.001), using a random effects model. Conclusion Through this study, it was found that the effects of exercise (walking), aromatherapy, massage, and music intervention were all statistically significant. As such, the findings of this study provide evidence supporting the incorporation of various non-pharmacological interventions into nursing practice to improve sleep quality in patients with sleep disorder.

BACKGROUND: Nonimmune hydrops fetalis has become an important perinatal problem since it was first described in 1943. Although recent advances in antenatal ultrasound have made it possible to detect and manage nonimmune hydrops fetalis in early pregnancy, the perinatal mortality is still high. OBJECTIVE: To obtain clinically useful data regarding antenatal diagnosis, management, and perinatal outcomes of nonimmune hydrops fetalis, and to assist clinicians offer proper antepartum counseling and obstetric management which may be able to improve prognosis. Study design: We retrospectively reviewed 33 cases of nonimmune hydrops fetalis delivered in our hospital over a 4-year period. RESULTS: The antenatal diagnosis was possible by ultrasonography in all cases. Accumulation of fluid in fetal serous cavity and generalized skin edema were observed in all cases. A probable etiology was found in 23 (69.7%) cases through ultrasonography, various laboratory studies including fetal karyotyping, and autopsies. These were cardiovascular (4), respiratory (6), chromosomal (4), skeletal (1), and others (8). Despite extensive diagnostic studies, no definite etiology was found in 10 (30.3%) cases. Excluding the ten fetuses delivered after induced abortion, eight infants were born alive and six died in the neonatal period. The mortality rate was 91.3% (21/23). CONCLUSION: Nonimmune hydrops fetalis represents a very poor perinatal outcome. It is suggested that to improve the prognosis, various antenatal and postnatal approaches to find associated etiologic factors should be performed, and intensive perinatal cares are needed.
Abortion, Induced ; Autopsy ; Counseling ; Edema ; Female ; Fetus ; Humans ; Hydrops Fetalis* ; Infant ; Karyotyping ; Mortality ; Perinatal Mortality ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Ultrasonography