When nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children cannot be treated with probing, the fracture of inferior turbinate and/or silicone intubation can be performed, prior to dacryocystorhinostomy So far, there have been many reports and controversies regarding the methods and duration of intubation. The authors report the clinical results of treatment with silicone intubation on the nasolacrimal duct obstruction in children. In seven eyes of seven cases with nasolacrimal duct obstruction, the silcone intubation was performed. In four eyes of four cases, the fracture of infeior turbinate was accompanied by silicone intubation. The ages of the patients ranged from 1 to 9 years, and the duration of intubation ranged from 2 weeks to 5.5 months, averaging 3 months. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 26 months after the tube removal. In 6 eyes of 6 cases(86%), the symptoms were resolved. The authous recommend that the tube be removed within 3 months after insertion.
Child* ; Dacryocystorhinostomy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intubation* ; Lacrimal Duct Obstruction ; Nasolacrimal Duct* ; Silicones* ; Turbinates

In congenital third nerve palsy, the function in four of the six extraocular muscles is compromised, and its treatment is the most difficult problem in paralytic strabismus. In general, either large recession and resection on horizontal rectus muscles or superior oblique muscle transposition is used for treatment. We compared the results of the two methods of surgical therapy. A Total of nine eyes in nine cases underwent surgical correction for ocular alignment in the primary position, In four eyes of four cases horizontal rectus muscle surgery was performed. In five eyes of five cases superior oblique muscle transposition was performed. Postoperatively, one of four cases who underwent horizontal rectus muscle surgery and four of five cases who underwent superior obique muscle transposition resulted in acceptable ocular alignment, in which the angle of deviation at the primary position was within 2 delta. Therefore, in the treatment of congenital third nerve palsy, superior oblique muscle transposition is more effective than horizontal rectus muscle surgery for the correction of ocular alignment.
Muscles ; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases ; Oculomotor Nerve* ; Strabismus*

From January 2007 to June 2012, 55 autopsy cases were reviewed, in which death occurred outside the hospital and the patients were declared dead on arrival at the emergency departments, in order to compare the clinical and postmortem examination diagnoses of death-on-arrival patients in tertiary hospitals in Busan, Yangsan and Ulsan city. Of 22 non-traumatic deaths, 21 occurred from natural causes and 1 from unknown cause (sudden infant death syndrome, SIDS). Clinical diagnoses were cardiovascular diseases or "non-traumatic" / "unknown" while autopsy diagnoses were majorly cardiovascular diseases, especially coronary artery diseases (72.7%). Of 33 unnatural deaths, the cause of death was blunt trauma in 4 patients, sharp-force injury in 6, falling in 10, gunshot injury in 1, traffic accidents in 3, asphyxia in 2, drowning in 2, fire-related death in 1, and intoxication in 4. There were no definite discrepancies between clinical and autopsy diagnoses, except for 5 non-traumatic deaths and 2 unnatural deaths. These results suggest that the role of the emergency department may be crucial in postmortem investigations.
Accidents, Traffic ; Asphyxia ; Autopsy ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cause of Death ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Drowning ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Infant ; Tertiary Care Centers

Hamartoma of the breast is a rare benign lesion presenting as palpable mass. They are, however, sometimes misdiagnosed by pathologist due to their resemblance to other benign or physiologic conditions of the breast. We report two cases of hamartomas of the breast. The clinical diagnosis was fibroadenoma in both cases. One patient was a 49-year-old woman presented with palpable mass for the duration of 5 months. Mammography showed a well demarcated round mass with homogeneous density which is slightly greater than the surrounding glandular tissue. Grossly it was a 3.5 3.0 2.0 cm sized round firm mass covered by thin fibrous tissue. Microscopically it was a well defined mass composed of variable amount of breast lobules, dilated ducts and adipose tissue surrounded by dense hyalinized connective tissue. The adipose tissue accounted for 30% of the entire lesion. Cellular atypism was not found. The other patient was a 18-year-old woman presented with palpable mass of the duration of 3 years, which was increased in size recently. Mammography demonstratesd a well delimited lobulated mass with lucent halo. Ultrasonography showed a well encapsulated low echoic mass admixed with high echoic areas. Grossly, it was a 4.0 4.0 2.0 cm sized well demarcated oval-shaped firm mass with translucent thin fibrous capsule.. Microscopic findings were similar to the former. The amount of adipose tissue was 20%.
Adipose Tissue ; Adolescent ; Breast* ; Connective Tissue ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fibroadenoma ; Hamartoma* ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Mammography ; Middle Aged ; Ultrasonography

An unusual case of homicide of a 21-year-old man who was smothered with a hot steam towel by his mother and a pastoress in the name of exorcism. Homicidal smothering in adults is rare, but does occur when the victims are not capable of defending themselves in situations such as chronic illness, old age, drug intoxication or when restrained by other people. In this case, distinct facial scalding was a clue to smothering with a hot steam towel.
Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Homicide ; Humans ; Mothers ; Steam

Forensic autopsy is performed to investigate a death. However, this is difficult in some cases, particularly in putrefied bodies. Pulmonary ossification is a rare pathological process, characterized by progressive and metaplastic ossification, which leads to the formation of small bony fragments in the pulmonary tissue. This condition can develop within the pulmonary tissues that are injured due to various causes. Metastatic and dystrophic calcification occur in normal tissues in conditions of deranged calcium metabolism and dead or degenerative tissue, respectively. Here, we describe the case of a 54-year-old man who lived alone and whose putrefied body was discovered by his landlord. A forensic pathologist identified needle-like sharp materials in both the lower lobes of the lungs during autopsy. Microscopic examination revealed dendriform pulmonary ossification with calcification. After autopsy, his medical history, including chronic kidney disease, was recorded by forensic pathologist. A review of his past medical history and comprehensive postmortem examination findings of the gross dissection, microscopic examination, and postmortem laboratory tests led to the determination of the cause of death as renal problems.

We report a case of clear cell acanthoma occurred in a 61 year old man. He developed a brownish bean sized nodule on the left chest 3 years ago. The skin lesion has slowly increased in size without any subjective symptoms. Histopathologic examination revealed proliferation of clear cells within a sharply demarcated area of the epidermis. The presence of numerous neutrophils throughout the epidermis were also noted.
Acanthoma* ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neutrophils ; Skin ; Thorax

Agenesis of corpus callosum occurs sporadically and may be transmitted as sex-linked, or autosomal-dominant or recessive traits. It has been associated with different syndromes. Clinical pictures vary from severe intellectual and neurologic abnormalities to asymptomatic and normaly intelligent cases. Agenesis of corpus callosum may occur alone, but it is more frequently associated with a high incidence of other anomalies. We report a male infant with agenesis of corpus callosum who was diagnosed to have ileal atresia and duplication.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum* ; Corpus Callosum* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an uncommon disorder, frequently fatal, characterized by a pentad of thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, fluctuating neurologic symptoms, fever, and renal disease. TTP is characterized by widespread noninflammatory thrombotic occlusions of arterioles and capillaries with material containing fibrin and platelets. Generally, gross infarct is rare in the patient with TTP. We present a case of TTP with multiple gross infarcts on brain CT scan. A 53-year-old-man was presented with left hemiparesis and confused mentality. On laboratory study, he had microangiopathic hemolytic anemia & thrombocytopenia. Brain CT showed multiple gross infarct areas in the right basal ganglia, right parietal lobe and right cerebellar hemisphere. When managing the patient with acute stroke syndrome, we should consider TTP as a diagnostic possibility for early proper treatment, even if CT scan of brain show multiple gross infarctions.
Anemia, Hemolytic ; Arterioles ; Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Capillaries ; Fever ; Fibrin ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Paresis ; Parietal Lobe ; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic ; Stroke ; Thrombocytopenia ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that affect quality of life in elderly people with dementia. METHODS: The participants for this descriptive correlational study were 97 elderly patients with dementia who were attending a daycare center or were being cared for at home. Data were collected from the participants using the Mini-Mental Status Examination-Dementia Scale, the Geriatric Depression Scale (Short Form), Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) Scale. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in quality of life of elders with dementia according to mobility, using dementia day-care center, and cohabitation. In multiple regression analysis, depression, activity of daily of living, using dementia day-care centers and cohabitation were significant predictors of quality of life and the four variables explained 60% of the variance in quality of life. CONCLUSION: Findings indicate that to enhance the quality of life for elders with dementia, depression needs to be decreased and regular use of daycare service recommended. Further, various programs enhancing physical ability need to be developed and used with these elders.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged* ; Dementia* ; Depression ; Humans ; Quality of Life*