PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between central corneal thickness (CCT) and scleral thickness (ST) in glaucoma patients. METHODS: Seventy-eight eyes of 78 patients with no previous history of intraocular surgery and 23 control eyes were enrolled in the present study. For all eyes, CCT, ST, axial length, anterior chamber depth and refractive error were measured by a single examiner. The correlations among the measurements were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean patient age was 57.32 +/- 9.44 years, and the mean CCT was 532.80 +/- 43.75 microm. The mean CCT of ocular hypertension (576.00 +/- 26.59 microm) was thicker than that of the normal control group (530.30 +/- 35.34 microm, p = 0.028), although the mean STs of the groups were not significantly different. No significant correlation was found between CCT and ST (r = -0.073, p = 0.466). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, no correlation between CCT and ST was observed. In addition, the STs of the groups were not significantly different.
Anterior Chamber ; Eye ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Microscopy, Acoustic ; Ocular Hypertension ; Refractive Errors

We present a 37-year-old male who was found to had mas within the bronchus. This patients was admitted for the evaluation of cough. Chest CT scan showed endobronchial mass in the bifurcation of LUL and LLL bronchus. The left lower lobe was atelectatic. Lobectomy of the left lower lobe was done. On opening of the bronchus, there was a 2x1x1 cm sized endobronchial mass. Histologically, the mass was smooth muscle tumor composed of densely packed eosinophilic spindle cells in interlacing bundles with pale elongated nuclei covered by bronchial epithelium. On immunohistochemical staining, the tumor cells were positive for desmin. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells exhibited numberous cytoplasmic microfilaments with focal densities, pinocytotic vesicles, and a thick basal lamina.
Male ; Humans

Purpose: This study aimed at investigating the nutritional status, nutritional support, and nutritional indicators of critically ill patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygen (ECMO) in intensive care units (ICU). Methods: This descriptive study obtained data from the medical records of 37 patients who were treated using ECMO at a university hospital in Korea. The patients were admitted to the Korea University Anam Hospital ICU with acute or serious damage to vital organs from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2016. Results: Although 32 patients (86.5%) were at a high risk of malnutrition, 26 patients (70.3%) were considered normal in terms of nutritional status by the nutritionist at the beginning of their ICU stay. However, after two weeks, nine patients had passed away and only one patient maintained normal status. Parenteral nutrition was started first but took 4.25 ± 6.95 days till initiation. Only eight patients (21.6%) were able to meet their requirement for both calories and protein. The group provided with adequate calorie and protein showed significantly longer use of the ECMO and respirator and longer ICU and total hospital stay than their counterparts. Normal levels of serum albumin and protein of the group at low-risk for malnutrition on the day of initiation of ECMO, which were significantly higher than the high-risk group, declined by the last day of ECMO leading to a lack of significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion Considering that the nutritional indicators of patients deteriorated as the days on ECMO increased, more aggressive nutritional management to ensure adequate nutritional support should be emphasized from the beginning and throughout the ICU stay.

Paragonimus westermani can cause extrapulmonary parasitism in various sites such as abdominal organ, brain, eye, periorbital tissue, heart and pericardium, mediastinum, and subcutaneous tissue. We experienced a case of subcutaneous paragonimiasis involving the breast. The lesion exhibited chronic granuloma with scattered eggs of paragonimus westermani. The adult worm was not found within the lesion which should be disintegrated a year ago by praziquantel treatment. This relatively rare involvement of ectopic paragonimiasis should be differentiated from breast malignancy.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have shown the relationship between recognition of facial expressions and psychiatric symptoms. This study investigated how healthy young adults recognize neutral faces and which psychological distresses and symptoms relate to their recognition of neutral faces. METHODS: One hundred forty-three healthy volunteers participated in this study. We used neutral facial pictures, selected from the Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE) photo set, to evaluate participants' facial expression recognition and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) to measure and examine their psychological characteristics. RESULTS: There were significant positive correlations between the recognition rate of neutral expressions as contempt and trait-anxiety level (r=0.21 ; p=0.01) and depression (r=0.20 ; p=0.02). This contempt-recognition was significantly negatively correlated with resilience score (r=-0.22 ; p=0.01) and the TCI self-directedness subscale (r=-0.29 ; p=0.00). Also, the TCI's harm avoidance subscale score was significantly positively correlated with the contempt recognition rate (r=0.21 ; p=0.01). CONCLUSION: These finding suggests recognition of neutral faces as contempt may be related to psychological distress, including trait and temperament characteristics. This negative bias toward neutral emotion (expressions) may affect interpersonal relations and social functioning in a healthy population.
Affective Symptoms ; Anxiety ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Depression ; Facial Expression ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Polymethacrylic Acids ; Temperament ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Although considered uncommon, periprosthetic fracture of the femur after hip arthroplasty is a serious complication that can be difficult to treat. Authors analyzed the types of fracture and modality of treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between Jan. 1983 and Dec. 1997, 17 cases of postoperative periprosthetic fractures had been treated at our hospital. These cases were followed up for an average of 58 (13-123) months. The fractures were classified according to Duncan and Masri classification. Three cases of type A, and 6 cases of type B1, 3 cases of type B2, 3 cases of type B3 and 2 cases of type C. The 3 cases of type A and 2 cases oftype B1 were conservative treatments. The 4 cases of type B1 were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with bone graft. The 3 cases of type B2 and 3 cases in type B3 were treated with long stem revision. The 2 cases of type C were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with bone graft. RESULTS: Bony union happened in all cases. The results according to Beals and Tower criteria were excellent in 12 cases, good in 3 cases and poor in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent cause of periprostic fracture was trauma and other causes were loosening and osteolysis. Proper treatment method of periprosthetic fracture were important for stability of femoral stem
Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Classification ; Femur* ; Hip ; Osteolysis ; Periprosthetic Fractures ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: Sevoflurane has a low blood-gas partition coefficient, resulting in rapid induction and recovery. We compared the effects of sevoflurane with those of enflurane anesthesia on parturients and neonates during and after elective cesarean section. METHODS: Ninety-six parturients were divided into two groups: E (enflurane, n = 47) and S (sevoflurane, n = 49). After endotracheal intubation with intravenous administration of thiopental 4 mg/kg and succinylcholine 1.5 mg/kg, anesthesia was maintained with 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen and enflurane 1 vol% or sevoflurane 1 vol%. Maternal hemodynamic parameters, blood loss, and recovery were monitored. Neonatal outcome was evaluated by Apgar scores, umblical artery blood gas analysis and acid-base status. RESULTS: Recovery times were faster with sevoflurane anesthesia (P < 0.05). All patients in two groups developed transient hypertension and tachycardia after intubation, which returned to baseline in approximately 5 minutes. Maternal blood loss did not differ significantly between the two groups, and one patient in S group developed postoperative recall. Neonatal outcome was equally good in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Parturients anesthetized with sevoflurane for cesarean section recovered more rapidly compared with enflurane without any differences in hemodynamic parameters and neonatal outcome.
Administration, Intravenous ; Anesthesia* ; Arteries ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Cesarean Section* ; Enflurane* ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infant, Newborn ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Pregnancy ; Succinylcholine ; Tachycardia ; Thiopental

PURPOSE: To identify the correlation between early postoperative stereoacuity and surgical outcome in intermittent exotropia. METHODS: The medical records of 74 patients who underwent unilateral lateral rectus recession or bilateral lateral rectus recession for intermittent exotropia with a minimum postoperative follow-up of 3 years were retrospectively reviewed. Postoperative stereoacuity was measured using the vectogram test and Titmus test at 1 month post-operative. The deviation angle was measured at near and at distance using a prism cover test. Patients were divided into two groups according to post-operative angle deviation, and stereoacuity was analyzed in both groups. RESULTS: Sixty patients showed no suppression at distance at 1 month post-operative follow-up. Of these, 55 patients (85.9%) belonged to the success group and 5 patients (50.0%) belonged to the recurrence group. The post-operative suppression test and the surgical outcome exhibited a significant association (p = 0.017). 53 patients showed normal stereoacuity 1 month after surgery. Of these, 49 patients (76.6%) belonged to the success group and 4 patients (40.0%) belonged to the recurrence group (p = 0.017). Post-operative stereoacuity and surgical outcome exhibited a significant association (p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: Post-operative suppression test results at distance and stereoacuity at near may be helpful in predicting surgical outcomes of patients with intermittent exotropia.
Exotropia* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

Azygous vein aneurysm is a rare congenital lesion that needs to be differentiated from mediastinal mass lesions. Although almost of these anomalies are asymptomatic lesions, we experienced an interesting case in which a thrombus within an azygous vein aneurysm in a 75-year-old woman caused pulmonary thromboembolism. The patient was managed by medical treatment for one month and then the thrombus within both the azygous vein aneurysm and the pulmonary arteries completely resolved.
Aged ; Aneurysm/complications/*radiography ; *Azygos Vein ; *Cardiac-Gated Imaging Techniques ; Female ; Humans ; *Multidetector Computed Tomography ; Pulmonary Embolism/etiology/*radiography ; Thrombosis/complications/*radiography

Angioedema is a well-demarcated localized edema involving the deeper layers of the skin, including the subcutaneous tissue. Angioedema occurs with Cl esterase inhibitor (Cl INH) deficiency that may be inborn as an autosomal dominant characteristic or may be acquired. Acquired angioedema (AAE) is a rare disorder characterized by adult onset and lack of evidence of inheritance of the disease. Two types of AAE are known today: type I in which there are lowering of functional Cl INH, an underlying disease such as a B-cell disease, and no detectable autoantibodies to Cl INH, type II with anti Cl INH autoantibodies in the circulation without detectable underlying disease and with depressed functional Cl INH levels. We experienced a case of angioedema in a 29-year old man. He had no family history of angioedema and laboratory data showed depressed Cl-INH levels. We diagnosed the case as acquired type of angioedema. Even though we could not measure anti-Cl INH auto-antibodies, we identified the case as type II because there was no evidence of underlying disease.
Adult ; Angioedema* ; Angioedemas, Hereditary* ; Autoantibodies ; B-Lymphocytes ; Complement C1 Inhibitor Protein* ; Complement C1s* ; Edema ; Humans ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; Wills