OBJECTIVE: Endometriosis is a disease affecting a large population of women all over the world. A local sterile inflammation occurs in the peritonel cavity of patients with endometriosis. It suggests that immunological events play a major role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. We have studied the levels of serveral T cell and monocyte derived cytokines, especially IL-6 (promoter of immune response) and IL-10 (inhibitor of immune response), in the peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis to characterize the change of immune response that occurs at the site of endometriosis. Method: This study was performed in Hallym university hospital from October, 1997 to October 1998 and enrolled 29 women with gross or microscopic findings of minimal to severe endometriosis in case group, and 28 women without visual evidence of pelvic endometriosis and with benign gynecologic disease in control group. IL-6 and IL-10 levels in the peritoneal fluid were determined using commercial ELISA and compared between endometriosis and controls and between fertile and infertile women with endometriosis and according to the revised American Fertility Society classification. RESULT: IL-6 was higher and IL-10 was lower in the peritoneal fluid of endometriosis group than of control group. Cyclic variations in the IL-6 concentrations were seen in endometriosis group : the concentrations in the secretory phase were significantly higher than those in the proliferative phase. In endometriosis group, IL-6 concentrations of infertile women were higher than fertile women. Both IL-6 and IL-10 in the peritoneal fluid of endomtriosis group did not show significant correlation according to r-AFS stages. CONCLUSION: Increased IL-6 and decreased IL-10 levels in the peritoneal fluid may be related to infertility and pathogenesis in the endometriosis, suggesting that partially contribute to the disturbed immune regulation observed in endometriosis.
Ascitic Fluid* ; Classification ; Cytokines ; Endometriosis* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Fertility ; Genital Diseases, Female ; Humans ; Infertility ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-10* ; Interleukin-6* ; Monocytes

No abstract available.
Leg* ; Skin*

No abstract available.
Leg*

A perplexing developmental error is 46,XX congenital absence of vagina ( Mayer-Rokitan-sky-Kster-Hauser syndrome, Mullerian dysgenesis, vaginal aplasia ). The Mayer-Rokitansky-Kster-Hauser syndrome refers to the climical entity consisting of primary amenorrhea associated with congenital absence of the vagina, 46,XX karyototype, a rudimentary uterus or complete absense, normal overian function and normal ovulation, normal female breast development, body proprotion and body hair, frequent association of renal, skeletal and other cpngenital anomalies. This syndrome results from agenesis of both Mllerian ducts or from a failure of the Mllerian ducts to estavlish a proper communication with that part of the vagina from the urogenital sinus. A case of mayer-Rokitansky-Kster-Hauser syndrom was reviewed briefly.
Amenorrhea ; Breast ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Ovulation ; Uterus ; Vagina

No abstract available.

In this study, the surface treatment of a self-cured temporary crown was polished using a denture bur, silicone bur, or pumice. The color stability of the temporary crown resin specimen was evaluated by immersing it in coffee, and cola, wine, beer, red pepper paste, or soybean paste. Two-hundred eighty-five identical resin specimens with six types of staining solution and three types of surface treatment were placed in a shaking incubator at 37℃. The degree of discoloration was observed using a time-lapse recording of days 1, 5, and 7. L*, a*, and b* were measured using a spectrophotometer, which shows the quantitative value of discoloration, and statistically processed after calculating ΔE*. The results show that as time passed, all the specimens showed a color change (p<0.001). The amount of color change was the greatest in in crowns with denture bur polishing on the day 1, 5, and 7. As the precipitation time increased, the ΔE* value was also increased. Of the specimens immersed on day 1, the greatest color change in crowns polished with denture bur was observed in those immersed in red pepper paste, while the smallest color change was observed in those immersed in cola. On days 5 and 7, the greatest color change in crowns polished with denture bur was observed in those immersed in red wine. Crowns polished with silicone bur and immersed in soybean paste exhibited the smallest color change. Based on the results, compared to pumice polishing, silicone bur polishing results in better color stability, saves time and money, and is recommended for patients with temporary crowns.
Beer ; Capsicum ; Coffee ; Cola ; Crowns* ; Dentures ; Humans ; Incubators ; Silicon ; Silicones ; Soybeans ; Wine

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant* ; Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute* ; Sarcoma, Myeloid*

PURPOSE: A heterotopic pancreas is defined as one for which pancreatic tissue is present outside its usual or habitual location and without an anatomic relation either of continuity or of vascularization with the pancreas proper. Most heterotopic pancreases are incidentally encountered during surgery, and on rare occasions, epigastric pain, weight loss, hemorrhage, gastric outlet obstruction, and intussusception have been directly attributable to the presence of a heterotopic pancreas. The purpose of this article is to report the clinical characteristics of the heterotopic pancreas. METHOD: We retrospectively observed 24 patients, who had been pathologically proven to have a heterotopic pancreas, at the Department of Surgery, Korea University Hospital, from Jan. 1990 to Dec. 1998. RESULTS: 16 of the 24 cases were found incidentally during operations due to by other primary diseases; 8 cases were symptomatic. The ratio of males to females was 1.18:1 and most common sites were the stomach and the duodenum (71%). The mean size of the lesion was 1.26 cm, and the sizes in symptomatic cases were larger (mean 1.89 cm) than those in cases where the lesions were found incidentally (mean 0.94 cm). We experienced a case of a ductal adenocarcinoma originating from the heterotopic pancreas in the jejunum of a 73 year old man. CONCLUSION: A heterotopic pancreas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of submucosal tumors, polyps, ulceration, and intestinal tumors, When suspected, an intraoperative frozen section is recommended, and the range and the method of the operation should be decided based on the results of the frozen section.
Adenocarcinoma ; Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Duodenum ; Female ; Frozen Sections ; Gastric Outlet Obstruction ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Intussusception ; Jejunum ; Korea ; Male ; Pancreas* ; Polyps ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach ; Ulcer ; Weight Loss

Axon guidance molecules (AGMs), such as Netrins, Semaphorins, and Ephrins, have long been known to regulate axonal growth in the developing nervous system. Interestingly, the chemotactic properties of AGMs are also important in the postnatal period, such as in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. In particular, AGMs play pivotal roles in inflammation of the nervous system, by either stimulating or inhibiting inflammatory responses, depending on specific ligand-receptor combinations. Understanding such regulatory functions of AGMs in neuroinflammation may allow finding new molecular targets to treat neurodegenerative diseases, in which neuroinflammation underlies aetiology and progression.
Axons ; Ephrins ; Inflammation ; Nervous System ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neuroglia ; Semaphorins

PURPOSE: Recently, Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) was reported to be correlated with lung maturation and expression of surfactant proteins (SPs) in mice models. However, no study has been conducted in rabbit lungs despite their high homology with human lungs. Thus, we attempted to investigate serial changes in the expressions of FoxM1 and SP-A/B throughout lung maturation in rabbit fetuses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pregnant New Zealand White rabbits were grouped according to gestational age from 5 days before to 2 days after the day of expected full term delivery (F5, F4, F3, F2, F1, F0, P1, and P2). A total of 64 fetuses were enrolled after Cesarean sections. The expressions of mRNA and proteins of FoxM1 and SP-A/B in fetal lung tissue were tested by quantitative reverse-transcriptase real-time PCR and Western blot. Furthermore, their correlations were analyzed. RESULTS: The mRNA expression of SP-A/B showed an increasing tendency positively correlated with gestational age, while the expression of FoxM1 mRNA and protein decreased from F5 to F0. A significant negative correlation was found between the expression levels of FoxM1 and SP-A/B (SP-A: R=-0.517, p=0.001; SP-B: R=-0.615, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Preterm rabbits demonstrated high expression of FoxM1 mRNA and protein in the lungs compared to full term rabbits. Also, the expression of SP-A/B was inversely related with serial changes in FoxM1 expression. This is the first report to suggest an association between FoxM1 and expression of SP-A/B and lung maturation in preterm rabbits.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Female ; Fetus/*metabolism ; Forkhead Transcription Factors/*metabolism ; Lung/*metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A/genetics/*metabolism ; Rabbits