Travel-acquired dengue cases have been increasing as the overall global dengue burden has expanded. In Korea, imported dengue cases have been reported since 2000 when it first became a notifiable disease. During the first four months of 2016, three times more dengue cases were reported in Korea than during the same period the previous year. A safe and efficacious vaccine for travelers would be beneficial to prevent dengue disease in individual travelers and potentially decrease the risk of virus spread to non-endemic areas. Here, we summarize the characteristics of dengue vaccines for travelers and review dengue vaccines currently licensed or in clinical development.
Dengue Vaccines* ; Dengue* ; Korea

PURPOSE: In evaluation of the limb fracture, MR scan has been used in limited roles as evaluating the associated soft tissue injury not the fracture itself. This study aims at understanding the possible role of MR in fracture. METHODS AND MATERIALS: thirty three sets of MR scans in twenty nine patients were retrospectively analyzed. They included twelve tibial plateau fractures, four pateliar fractures, four distal femur fractures, five epiphyseal fractures and four others. RESULTS: All MRs except two showed better image and more information about the extent of the injury (93.9%). Evaluation of cartilage (which was impossible on other modalities) was possible in 28 MR scans (84.8%). Surrounding marrow change associated with fracture was also able to be evaluated. Associated soft tissue injury or other abnormality could be evaluated-cruciate or collateral ligament injury, meniscus tear, chodromalacia or osteonecrosis. In epiphyseal injury, direct demonstrability of premature bony fusion on MR took a critical role in making a management plan. CONCLUSION: MR scan in fracture has its value in evaluating the extent and degree of the injury and it is especially advantageous in detecting cartilage injury and early complication of growth plate injury.
Bone Marrow ; Cartilage ; Collateral Ligaments ; Extremities* ; Femur ; Growth Plate ; Humans ; Osteonecrosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Soft Tissue Injuries

Superior mesenteric artery syndrome is a rare clinical disease in Korea. The authors experienced three cases of the superior mesenteric artery syndrome. All of patients complained of continuos bilious vomiting, epigastric discomfort, epigastric fullness, and weight loss. The superior mesenteric artery syndrome was diagnosed preoperative, by using physical examination, gastrofiberscopy, upper gastrointestinal series, abdominal computerized tomography (CT), and spiral CT angiogram. We performed a Roux-en-Y duodenojejunostomy. We measured the angle between the aorta and that superior mesenteric artery by using a spiral CT angiogram. The angles were 10o, 11o, and 11o. Postoperatively they were improved. A spiral CT angiogram was a noninvasive method of diagnosing the superior mesenteric artery syndrome compared with a femoral angiography. The Roux-en-Y duodenojejunostomy was the proper method of treatment for the superior mesenteric artery syndrome.
Angiography ; Aorta ; Humans ; Korea ; Mesenteric Artery, Superior* ; Physical Examination ; Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome* ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Vomiting ; Weight Loss

The clear cell adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix is very rare tumor, and only 4-9% of entire adenocarcinoma appears to be diagnosed as clear cell adenocarcinoma. Its risk factor and pathogenesis are not exactly known, but intrauterine exposure to DES (diethyl stilbestrol) and associated non-steroidal estrogen during pregnancy before 18weeks is one known risk factor, and also hormonal change or genetic cause are suggested as the risk factors. The peak age of its occurrence has bimodal pattern, which are groups before 24 years-old and after 45 years-old, and clear cell adenocarcinoma arising in latter group is not associated with intrauterine DES exposure. It is also reported that 25% of young women who has clear cell adenocarcinoma had no history of hormonal exposure. The treatment and prognosis is similar to other kinds of uterine cervical adenocarcinoma. With a short literature review, we are reporting a case of 6-year-old girl who visited our clinic because of vaginal mass naturally fallen off with a minor bleeding which was finally diagnosed as clear cell adenocarcinoma, and had no maternal history of DES exposure during pregnancy.
Adenocarcinoma ; Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell* ; Cervix Uteri* ; Child* ; Estrogens ; Female ; Female* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult