No abstract available.
Amniocentesis* ; Cerclage, Cervical* ; Female ; Labor Stage, First* ; Pregnancy

In this study, the relationship between the awareness of blood program and the blood donation experience has been studied to know whether they corelate or not. The awareness of blood program was divided into 4 areas of knowledge and measured: the eligibilityt of blood donation, knowledge about blood, blood donation program, and general facts about blood donation. The experience of blood donation was divided into 3 groups: the registered donor, the non-registered donor, and the nondonor. The result in this study shows that the awareness of blood program is related with 3 factors, such as the eligibility of blood donation, blood donation program, and general facts about blnation. The difference in this case is significant at 0.05 level. However the knowledge about the blood is not corelated with blood donation experience, but only with sex(P<0.05). These results suggest that stable blood supply should be realized by securing new donors and by estsablishing of fdonor registration system. This is realized by the stir up the level of awareness and interest of blood program through strengthening public relations.
Blood Donors* ; Humans ; Public Relations ; Tissue Donors

PURPOSE: This study examined to explore factors influencing on employment stress of university students. METHODS: The data were collected by structured questionnaires to students who agreed to be the subjects of this study. And 230 cases were finally analyzed. T-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression were conducted for data analysis using SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: Significant differences revealed in age, department of major, residental type and school year on employment stress by general characteristics. Also, employment stress showed negative correlation with self-esteem, and satisfaction in major. Self-esteem and satisfaction in major, department of major were confirmed as a factors influencing on employment stress and accounted for 36% of the variance. CONCLUSION: Further studies that discover factors influencing on employment stress of university students are needed, and also practical programs are necessary to decrease employment stress of university students.
Employment* ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Statistics as Topic

BACKGROUND: We compared factors associated with self-reported depression and, in particular, diagnosis and treatment of depressive symptoms in Korean adults. METHODS: The sample included 13,306 adults aged 19 years or older from the 2010 and 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V). Data were applied to the chi2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The following characteristics of individuals are significantly associated with self-reported depression: female (vs. male, OR [odds ratio]=3.35), ages 50-59 years (vs. 60+, OR=1.45), economic status (low vs. high, OR=1.35; middle-low vs. high OR=1.29), unemployed (vs. employed, OR=1.23), education (elementary vs. college, OR=1.18; middle school vs. college, OR=1.27; vs. high school vs. college, OR=1.18), current smoking (vs. no, OR=1.19), high-risk alcohol consumption (vs. no, OR=1.18), perceived health (good vs. very good/excellent, OR=1.156; poor/fair vs. very good/excellent, OR=2.65), chronic disease (vs. no, OR=1.26), activity limitation due to health problems (vs. no, OR=1.74), and being in a sickbed during the past month (vs. not in a sickbed, OR=1.69). Living in a metropolitan area (vs. rural, OR=1.40) is significantly associated with greater odds of being diagnosed with depression. The odds of being treated for depression are lower for female (vs. male, OR=0.53). Greater odds of being treated for depression was seen for those with chronic conditions (vs. no, OR=1.73) and activity limitation due to health problems (vs. no, OR=2.05), as well as, those in a sickbed (vs. not, OR=1.88). CONCLUSIONS: Applying our findings, policy makers should address the lower rates of depression diagnosed in non-metropolitan areas to reduce regional variations, and also promote treatment in females.
Administrative Personnel ; Adult* ; Alcohol Drinking ; Chronic Disease ; Depression* ; Diagnosis* ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Smoke ; Smoking

PURPOSE: This study tried to explore factors influencing on job maintenance of the mentally disabled who employed before. The subjects of this study were the mentally disabled who participated in community mental health center and social rehabilitation center, there had experienced a job in the past. METHODS: The number of community centers were 27 places, there were located in different region. The number of participants were 221 persons agreed to this study. Data was analyzed by Mean, SD and logistic regression analyzation using SPSS/WIN 14.0. RESULTS: General character such as age was significant factor. Monthly pay and working a day in the midst of job related factors were significant. Moreover, job rehabilitation program satisfaction rate and social support revealed significant factors. CONCLUSION: On the basis of results, Job rehabilitation programs for job maintenance of the mentally disabled should be development and establish mediate strategies to improve social support to them.
Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mental Health ; Mentally Disabled Persons ; Rehabilitation Centers ; Rehabilitation, Vocational

Common peroneal nerve injury has been reported as the most frequent lower extremity peripheral nerve injury. The peroneal nerve may be particulary prone to direct or indirect injury by penetrating trauma or external compression by it's superficial route to bony prominence of fibular neck. By the development of microsurgical technique, recently epineural repair, fascicular group repair, and interfascicular graft were tried. The authors have experienced five cases microsurgical repair of common peroneal nerve injury around the knee joint from December 1990 to November 1991, and motor and sensory result was relatively good.
Knee Joint ; Lower Extremity ; Neck ; Peripheral Nerve Injuries ; Peroneal Nerve ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Free Tissue Flaps* ; Head* ; Neck*

BACKGROUND: The usage of appropriate disinfectants is essential for infection control in a hospital. Inadequate use of disinfectants is the cause of human or environmental toxicity and is a waste of cost. The objective of this study was to describe the status of the usage of disinfectants in Korean hospitals. METHOD: One hundred and eighty three hospitals of over 300 beds were investigated by a questionnaire distributed by mall. Data collection was done on November 1999. The questionnaire was made by the Association of Infection Control Nurses in Korea, based on references and protocols of the Korean Society of Nosocomial Infection Control. Numerical and percentage data were analyzed by SPSS. RESULTS: The collection rate of the questionnaire was 43.7% (80/300). Thirty five hospitals (46.7%) had an official process in selecting disinfectants in their hospitals. Regarding skin antiseptics, 10% povidone iodine and 70% alcohol were commonly used in skin preparation for intravenous catheterization or pre-operative skin disinfection, For disinfection of mucosal membranes such as mouth and periurethral area, 3% boric acid solution or 3% H202 were used. Most of the hospitals decontaminated contaminated medical instruments manually with dodecyl diamino ethyl glycine (20.8%). glutaraldehyde (15.6%). quaternary ammonium compounds (13.8%), virkon (12.3%) and sodium hypochlorites (11.7%). Glutaraldehyde and virkon were frequently used for disinfection of endoscopes. Sodium hypochlorites (48.9%) and quaternary ammonium compounds (19.8%) were the most commonly used environmental disinfectants. Some noticeable problems in disinfectants were as follows. First, for mouth care, many hospitals (41.7%) over-used boric acid, which has cumulative toxicity for humans. Second, many hospitals had an incorrect protocol of disinfecting endoscopes. Third, for environmental decontamination and instrument cleaning, some hospitals used high level disinfectants such as glutaraldehyde, which is too costly and provides unnecessary safety problems. Fourth, after patient discharge, many hospitals did not use disinfectants at all. Considering the specific Korean medical environment of high incidence of multi-drug resistant microorganisms, use of disinfectants for discharged environments may be warranted. CONCLUSION: This study included only hospitals of over 300 beds, which has a limitation in representing the status of disinfectants usage in a country. However, significant problems from misunderstanding the basic principles of disinfectants and misusages of disinfectants were observed in this investigation. These observations will provide useful information for designing a guideline for the appropriate uses and for efficient education of disinfectants, and also for planning a national control program for proper disinfectants usage in this country.
Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Cross Infection ; Data Collection ; Decontamination ; Disinfectants* ; Disinfection ; Education ; Endoscopes ; Glutaral ; Glycine ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infection Control ; Korea* ; Membranes ; Mouth ; Patient Discharge ; Povidone-Iodine ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ; Skin ; Sodium ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Stomach of 34 year old man showed an early stage of the cancer with slight involvement of the superficial part of the inner muscle layer and accompanied with one metastatic lymph node. The cancer is that of medium differentiated adenocarcinoma. There is an heavy infiltration of lymphocytes mixed with histiocytic mononuclear cells and multinucleated giant cells. Some giant cells appear as Langhans' type suggesting phagocytic cells of their origin containing PAS positive materials in the cytoplasma. In other places, they appear as atrophic cancer nests suggesting that these tumor nests were arrested and undergone to regressive cellular process because of the over-whelming immunological pressure by the host.
Male ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Stomach Neoplasms

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the degree of job stress for workers with mentally disabled and factors influencing their job stress. METHODS: The participants in this study were employees with mental disabilities employed in job programs sponsored by community mental health centers and social rehabilitation centers. For this study, researchers conducted a survey with structured questionnaires with 221 employees. Data were analyzed using t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 14.0. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in job stress according to general characters. However, there were significant differences in job stress according to type of employment and monthly-income. Multi-regression analysis showed that type of employment and social support affected job stress. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that following should be emphasized: conditions of employment such as type of employment and social support should be improved to decrease job stress and help the employee to remain in the job.
Community Mental Health Centers ; Employment ; Humans ; Mentally Disabled Persons* ; Power (Psychology) ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation Centers