The status of renal replacement therapy in Korea as follows ; 1) The response rate to questionaire was 57.9% of the 226 hemodialysis centers in Korea and data file was sent in the 62.4% of responder. 2) The number of dialysis center was 226 and the number of hemodialysis machine was 3,507 and annual increasing rate were 8,7%, 14.0%, respectively. 3) The total number of ESRD patients was 20,244 and prevalance and incidence of ESRD were 431.9 and 101.1 patients per million population(ppm). 4) The proportion of renal replacement therapy was hemodialysis(HD) 53.3%, peritoneal dialysis(PD) 17.196, renal transplants(KT) 29.5%. 5) The proportion of long-term and elderly patients was markedly increased comparing 1985 (long term dialysis 20% vs. 2%, over 60 year old patients 26.2% vs. 13.8%. 6) The primary cause of renal disease was diabetic nephropathy 34.09o, chronic glomerulone-phritis 20.8%, hypertensive nephropathy 15.7%. 7) The mean BMI(body mass index,' kg/M)in over 18 year old patients was 20.7+/-2.7 kg/M in the HD and 22.23.0 kg/M in the PD. 71.9M of HD patients and 73.2% of PD were in the normal range (18.5-24.9). 8) The fistula survival rate was 6 month 93.4%, 1 yr 91.7%, 3 yr 87.6%, 5 yr 84.7%. 9) The cause of death were cardiac disease 31.8%, miscellaneous 23.5%, vascular disease 17.2%, infection 14.2%, liver disease 1.2%, social cause 5.9%.
Adolescent ; Aged ; Automatic Data Processing ; Cause of Death ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; Dialysis ; Fistula ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Korea* ; Liver Diseases ; Middle Aged ; Reference Values ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Replacement Therapy* ; Survival Rate ; Vascular Diseases

BACKGROUND: Using c-fos expression one of the immediate early gene, as a marker of altered neuronal response, we investigated the effect of superior cervical ganglion block (SCGB) exhibiting the same effect of SGB of human on the activity of several brain regions which are considered as located on autonomic neural pathway and neuroendocrine axis in rat. METHOD: The 48 Sprague-Dawley strain rats were divided into 4 groups, as saline/stress (control) group, SCGB/stress (tested) group, saline group, SCGB group. Superior cervical ganglion block was conducted in the SCGB/stress group and SCGB group while saline/stress and saline group were sham operated. After then restraint stress was imposed on the animals of SCGB/stress group and saline/stress group. And 2 hour after injection (saline, SCGB group) or restraint stress (saline/stress, SCGB/stress group), c-fos protein (Fos) was localized by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: Much stronger Fos immunoreactivity was induced in the several brain region of control group rats compared to other three groups and the numbers of Fos positive cell count of tested group were significantly decreased in paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (p<0.01), A5 (p<0.01), raphe pallidus (p<0.05), nucleus tractus solitaius (p<0.01) compared to control group. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrate that superior cervical ganglion block attenuates stress induced neuronal activities of paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, A5, raphe pallidus, nucleus tractus solitarius.
Animals ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Brain* ; Cell Count ; Genes, vif ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Neural Pathways ; Neurons ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Solitary Nucleus ; Superior Cervical Ganglion*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Humans ; Polycythemia Vera* ; Polycythemia*

No abstract available.
Hyperlipidemias* ; Kidney* ; Transplantation*

A case of child fasciola liver abscess was reported. This case was a. A 5-years-old boy who had a history of fever and abdominal pain for 2 days. There was eosinophilia (15%) and an abdominal ultrasound demonstrated heterogenous hypoechoic mass in the liver. He was diagnosed with bacterial liver abscess and was treated with Unasyn, Amikin, Cefotaxime, and metronidazole. But, the fever did not subside completely and blood eosinophil count was increased to 50%. New hypoechoic lesion in the liver was revealed on the follow-up abdominal ultrasound. Liver biopsy was done and it revealed eosinophil infiltration. Also, there was eosinophil infiltration (20%) in his bone marrow. The serologic test for parasite-specific IgG antibody by micro-ELISA confirmed the diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica infection. He was successfully treated for two days with oral Triclabendazole, 15 mg/kg, daily. Blood eosinophil count was down to 10% and there was no abnormal lesion in the liver on abdominal ultrasound finding.
Abdominal Pain ; Amikacin ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Cefotaxime ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophilia* ; Eosinophils ; Fasciola ; Fasciola hepatica ; Fascioliasis ; Fever ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Liver Abscess* ; Liver* ; Male ; Metronidazole ; Serologic Tests ; Ultrasonography

No abstract available.
Animals ; Antigen-Antibody Complex* ; Bacteria* ; Mice*

No abstract available.
Chickenpox* ; Herpes Simplex* ; Herpesvirus 3, Human* ; Simplexvirus* ; Transplantation*

No abstract available.
Chickenpox* ; Herpes Simplex* ; Herpesvirus 3, Human* ; Simplexvirus* ; Transplantation*

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of biweekly oxaliplatin in combination with leucovorin (LV)-modulated bolus plus infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with relapsed or metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) as a second line therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between November 2002 and October 2005, 26 patients with histologically confirmed relapsed or metastatic CRC were enrolled. All patients were previously treated with irinotecan-based combination chemotherapy. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 on day 1; LV 200 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2; and 5-FU 400 mg/m2 bolus IV with 600 mg/m2 with a 22-hour infusion on days 1 and 2 every 2 weeks. RESULTS: The median age of the 26 patients was 50.5 years (range, 31~72). Their metastatic sites included: the liver (42.3%), peritoneum (26.9%), lung (23.1%) and ovary (7.7%). Twenty five patients were evaluated for their response. Four patients achieved partial responses and 15 patients had stable disease. The overall response rate was 16% (95% confidence interval; 1.7~30.3%). The median follow-up duration for the surviving patients was 7.4 months (range, 2.08~21.2). Median overall survival (OS) and 1-year OS rates were 16.7 months and 63.9%, respectively. The most common hematological toxicities were: NCI grade I/II leucopenia (49.3%), grade I/II neutropenia (41%) and grade I/II anemia (65.2%). The main non-hematological toxicities were: grade I/II peripheral neuropathy (16.1% and 21.5%, respectively) and nausea/ vomiting (23.6%/18.5%). There was no life-threatening toxicity. CONCLUSION: The oxaliplatin, 5-FU and LV combination chemotherapy, scheduled as a biweekly protocol, was effective and well tolerated in the treatment of relapsed or metastatic colorectal cancer patients as second line chemotherapy.
Anemia ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Fluorouracil* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Leucovorin* ; Liver ; Lung ; Neutropenia ; Ovary ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Peritoneum ; Vomiting

OBGECTIVE : The purpose of this study is to evaluate perinatal outcomes according to thyroid function in pregnant women with thyroid disease. METHODS : The retrospective study was made by review of medical records of 42 pregnant women with thyroid disease (hyperthyroidism:22 cases, hypothyroidism:20 cases) who had delivered between Jan 2001 to Oct 2005. Clinical features and thyroid hormone levels were compared between the women who were managed during pregnancy (treating group) and not managed during pregnancy who had been cured (cured group). RESULTS:In pregnant women with hyperthyroidism, treating group showed higher T3 and T4, lower TSH than cured group, but there was no difference in neonatal thyroid hormone levels between two groups. In the women with thyroid storm, all thyroid hormone levels were significantly different from those in women without thyroid storm, but in newborn of women with thyroid storm, only TSH level was significantly lower. In the pregnant women with hypothyroidism who were treated appropriate levothyroxine, almost women maintained euthyroid hormone levels during pregnancy. CONCLUSION:Early diagnosis and treatment for thyroid disease before pregnancy may prevent perinatal complications. Team approach of obstetrician, endocrinologist and neonatalogist may help for maternal and fetal well-being.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Hypothyroidism ; Infant, Newborn ; Medical Records ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women* ; Prognosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Crisis ; Thyroid Diseases* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroxine