No abstract available.
Drug Therapy* ; Lung*

No abstract available.
Adipose Tissue* ; Apoptosis ; Lipodystrophy*

No abstract available.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Bone Density* ; Hip*

Identifying specific factors and/or mechanism regulating development of periodontal tissue will provide important information as to which molecules and cells are required for regulation of periodontal tissue lost as a consequence of disease. The origin and location of cementoblast and osteoblast precursor cells in adult periodontal tissues is not definitely known but it has been suggested that tooth related periodontal ligament may be the source of cementoblasts and the bone-related periodontal ligament for osteoblasts. However, little is known of the molecular mechanism controlling PDL function. PDL-specific protein; PDLs22 had been previously identified as a novel protein isolated from cultured human PDL fibroblasts using subtraction hybridization between human gingival fibroblasts and PDL fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to examine the functional characterization of PDLs22 in differentiation of periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and cementum. Human osteocalcin (OC), osteonectin (ON) and PDLs22 mRNA were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in primary cell cultures of periodontal ligament fibroblast during mineral nodule formation in vitro. And the localization of PDLs22 in rat tissues was detected by polyclonal antibody against PDLs22 by means of immunohistochemical staining. The results were as follows: 1. PDL cells were capable of producing mineral-like nodules in vitro. 2. PDLs22 mRNA was expressed in the initial stages whereas it was not expressed in the calcification stage, during mineral nodule formation of PDL cells in vitro. 3. PDLs22 protein was expressed in external dental epithelium and stellate reticulum during crown formation stage, and was continued in external dental epithelium of Hertwig's epithelial sheath. Also PDLs22 protein was strongly expressed in the bone and cementum-related side of the PDL and weakly expressed in the middle of PDL. In the developing bone, PDLs22 protein is only expressed in preosteoblast not osteocyte and osteoblast. The results suggest PDLs22 is important mediator of epithelial-mesenchymal reaction in development of PDL, alveolar bone and cementum and is related to initial differentiation of cementum and alveolar bone.
Adult ; Animals ; Crowns ; Dental Cementum* ; Epithelium ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Osteoblasts ; Osteocalcin ; Osteocytes ; Osteonectin ; Periodontal Ligament* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Primary Cell Culture ; Rats ; Reticulum ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA, Messenger ; Tooth

Macrodactyly is one of the most difficult congenital anomalies to treat. Treatment of macrodactyly requires surgical intervention because it gives rise to esthetic, social, and functional disability including difficulty in wearing shoes. A myriad of surgical techniques has been introduced to reduce the size of macrodactyly. However, treatment of toe macrodactyly has not been spotlighted due to less significant functional and social issues compared with finger macrodactyly. We treated two patients with toe macrodactyly by single stage reduction operation.
Fingers ; Humans ; Shoes ; Toes*

Surgical treatment of congenital scoliosis is often frustrating due to its severity and rigidity. Many surgical methods were provided for these complex deformities and some instruments were used to achieve better correction. However, no surgical treatment was satisfactory to correct the deformities. Recently, pedicle screw fixation, enabling a powerful grip of individual vertebral segment, is becoming a promising method to enhance correction of these tenacious deformities. This study was to compare the correction, loss of correction and complications of the various surgical methods employed for congenital scoliosis in Seoul National University Hospital and to verify the advantages of pedicle screw fixation. Ninety-two congenital scoliosis subjected to surgery and followed up for more than 2 years(range 2-9 years) were analysed. Surgical methods were; anterior uninstrumented fusion, 5; posterior fusion, 50(14 without instrument, 15 with hooks, 21 with screws); combined anterior and posterior fusion, 37(7 without instrument, 11 with posterior hooks, 10 with posterior screws, 9 with anterior VDS and posterior screws). Mean preoperative magnitude of index curve was 58° with no significant difference between the groups except for the anterior VDS and posterior screw group which had a mean magnitude of 93°. Mean flexibility of index curve was 18.7% with no significant difference between groups. The correction of index curves were; anterior uninstrumented fusion, 23%; posterior uninstrumented fusion, 28%; posterior hook, 31%; posterior screw, 46%; combined anterior and posterior uninstrumented, 37%; anterior fusion and posterior hook, 30%; anterior fusion and posterior screw, 47%; anterior VDS and posterior screw, 48%. The correction of pedicle screws were significantly better(p < 0.01) with significantly smaller loss of correction(p < 0.01). Nonunion occurred in 4, 1 in posterior uninstrumented fusion, 2 in posterior hooks and 1 in posterior pedicle screws with concomitant instrument failures. However, there were no neurologic or visceral complications related to screw placement. Pedicle screw fixation offers an enhances correction of congenital scoliosis with low complication rate, and when combined with an anterior procedure, enables control of the most severe and rigid curves.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Hand Strength ; Methods ; Pedicle Screws ; Pliability ; Scoliosis ; Seoul

No abstract available.
Survival Rate* ; Wilms Tumor*

No abstract available.
Survival Rate* ; Wilms Tumor*

PURPOSE: While acute urinary retention(AUR) secondary to bladder outlet obstruction in the male occurs commonly and rarely causes difficulty with diagnosis and treatment but AUR in female is an uncommon findings. This study was performed to evaluate AUR in possible causes by urodynamic study and analyzed the results of treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have retrospectively tried to evaluate the possible causes of AUR in 41 female patients. Urine analysis, urine culture, urodynamic study and selectively cystoscopy were performed in 41patients. We analysed the urodynamic feature respectively and classified into areflexia type, hyperreflexia type, detrusor hyperreflexia with impaired contractility(DHIC) type and normal finding. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 57.9 years. Major causes of AUR were CNS lesion(13 cases, 31.7%), diabetes mellitus(6 cases, 15.3%) and spinal lesion(4 cases, 10.2%). Urethral catheterization was employed as initial treatment in 32 cases(78.0%). Catheter was removed after mean 5.2 days and selective urodynamic study was done in 36 cases. Urodynamically, there were hyperreflexia type 16 cases(44.4%), areflexic type 9 cases(25%), DHIC type 6 case(16.7%), normal finding 5 cases(13.9%). The treatments of areflexic type included intermittent catheterization(IC) in 4 cases (44.4%), urethral catheterization in 3 cases (33.3%), medical therapy in 2 cases(22.2%). The treatments of hyperreflexia type included IC in 4 cases(25%), urethral catheterization in 1 case(6.3%) and medical therapy in 11 cases(68.8%). The treatments of DHIC type included IC in 2 cases(5.5%), urethral catheterization in 1 case(2.8%), medical therapy in 2 cases(5.5%) and ileal conduit in 1 case(2.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Causes of female AUR were commonly considered the functional urinary retention and rarely organic urinary retention, but there were various causes. Our study indicated the need to consider the gender and urodynamic finding on the evaluation and treatment of AUR.
Catheters ; Cystoscopy ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reflex, Abnormal ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; Urinary Catheterization ; Urinary Catheters ; Urinary Diversion ; Urinary Retention* ; Urodynamics

BACKGROUND: Aplastic anemia is an uncommon disease characterized by marrow hypocellularity, resulting in a reduction of the counts of circulating red blood cells, neutrophils, and platelets. The etiology of aplastic anemia remains unknown in the majority of cases. An association of aplastic anemia with pregnancy has been reported but the strength of such a relationship remains somewhat controversial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of aplastic anemia with pregnancy and the optimal management of patients with aplastic anemia during pregnancy. METHODS: This retrospective study was done by review of medical records of 18 patients with aplastic anemia, of whom 8 patients were diagnosed before pregnancy and 10 patients were diagnosed during pregnancy, who had a total of 25 pregnancies after the diagnosis from January, 1990 to October, 1997 at the Seoul National University Hospital, RESULTS: The incidence of aplastic anemia during pregnancy was one in 806 persons(18/14, 507) in this study. During pregnancy, the circulating blood cell levels decreased in all pregnancies. In all 7 cases that showed a relapse during pregnancy the remission occurred following the termination of pregnancy. 12 patients presenting with severe aplastic anemia during pregnancy had poorer hematological improvement than patients with mild aplastic anemia after termination of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: In all patients with aplastic anemia during pregnancy the circulating blood cell levels decreased. The successful outcome in these cases illustrates the benefit of modern supportive care in the management of such patients. The present observations suggest that a pregnancy which occurs during the long-term remission of aplastic anemia may be allowed to progress to birth.
Anemia* ; Anemia, Aplastic ; Blood Cells ; Bone Marrow ; Diagnosis ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Medical Records ; Neutrophils ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul