STUDY OBJECTIVE: We evaluate the clinical characteristics and natural history of patients presenting with spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPNM) . DESIGN: A retrospective case series was conducted to identify patients diagnosed with SPNM. ICD-7(J98.2) discharge codes were used for Jan. 1993 to Aug. 1996 at four institutions , and emergency department(ED) records and admission charts were reviewed. Clinical features, interventions, complications, setting, etiology, symptoms, and length of hospital stay were recorded. PARTICIPANTS: All ED patients more than 12 years old with a diagnosis of SPNM. RESULTS: Thirteen cases were identified. Age range was 14 to 58 years(mean 24 years). Presenting symptoms were chest pain in eight(62%), dyspnea in six(46%), both symptoms in three(23%), no complaints in three(23%). Seven(54%) patients complained only of throat discomfort. Seven(54%) had subcutaneous emphysema, and two(15.3%) had a small pneumothorax. Two(15.3%) were smokers. Three(23%) had normal esophagograms and another three had normal chest CT findings. Two cases(15.3%) were associated with inhalational drug use and three cases were due to exercise. Nine cases(69%) had a history of "Valsalva-type" maneuver. Two patients(15%) had a history of antituberculous treatment and one(7.7.%) had suffered from bronchial asthma. Mean hospital days were 7.3 days(range 3 to 14), none of all needed any intervention. Specifically, no patient developed a subsequent pneumothorax or airway compromise. Seven cases(54%) were received prophylactic antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Most simple SPNM cases are benign disease and most of them(78%) had shown typical chest pain, dyspnea and subcutaneous emphysema. Inhalational drug use is not a main cause of SPNM yet, but increase in use of bronchoinhalers is a suspicous cause of SPNM.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Asthma ; Chest Pain ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Mediastinal Emphysema* ; Natural History* ; Pharynx ; Pneumothorax ; Retrospective Studies ; Subcutaneous Emphysema ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Leiomyoma*

BACKGROUND: Microsatellites are short-tandem repeated uncleotide sequences present throughout the human genome. Alterations of microsatellites have been termed microsatellite instability(MI). It has been generally known that microsatellite instability detected in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) reflects genetic instability that is caused by impairments of DNA mismatch repair system regarding as a novel tumorigenic mechanism. A number of studies reported that MI occurred at varying frequencies in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). However It has been unproven whether MI could be a useful market of genetic instability and have a clinical significance in NSCLC. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We have examined whether MI can be observed in thirty NCSLC using polymerase chain reaction whether such alterations are associated with other molecular changes such as p53, K-ras and c-myc oncoproteins expression detected by immunohistochemical stain,. RESULT: MI(+) was observed in 16.6%(5/30) and MI(-) was 83.3% (25/30) Average age was 50+/-7.5 year-old in MI(+) group and 57+/-6.6 year-old in MI(-) group. Two year survival rate in MI(=) group (20% 1/5) was worse than MI(-) group (64% 16/25) with a statistic difference. (P=0.04) The positive rate of K-ras oncoprotein expression and simultaneous expression of 2 or 3 oncoproteins expression were higher in MI(+) group than MI(-) group with a statistic difference(P=0.05, P=0.01) CONCLUSIONS: From, these results the authors can conclude that MI is found in some NSCLC and it may be a novel tumorigenic mechanism in some NSCLC. We also conclude that MI could be used as another poor prognostic factor in NSCLS.
Colorectal Neoplasms ; DNA Mismatch Repair ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Microsatellite Instability* ; Microsatellite Repeats* ; Oncogene Proteins ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: Amiodarone (AD) is a potent and effective anti-dysrhythmic drug, but some literature reports that it 's long-term use is associated with the development of potentially life-threatening amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity (AIPT). Until now, oxygen free radical theory has been the most probable hypothesis for the development of AIPT. We investigated the protective effect of two potent antioxidants, N-acetylcysteine(NAC) and vitamin E, against AIPT. METHODS: Twenty-six (26) Hamsters were divided into a sham-operation group(n=2) and the following 4 groups: AD-induced effects without antioxidants (group 1, n=6), with NAC (group 2, n=6), with vitamin E (group 3, n=6), and with both NAC and vitamin E (group 4, n=6). Vitamin E (100 mg/kg) was injected intramuscularly into the hind leg once a day. At day 21, amiodarone (1.83 umol) was administered by transoral intratracheal instillation. NAC (300 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally just after amiodarone instillation. At day 28, amiodarone and NAC were administered again. Twenty-one (21) days after instillation of the second dose of amiodarone, the hamsters were sacrificed, and the lung fibrosis index and the hydroxyproline content were assessed. RESULTS: In the NAC-treated group (group 2), there was no significant decrease in either the lung fibrosis index, as determined by microscopic evaluation, or the lung hydrox-yproline content (p > 0.05). But there were significant decreases in the fibrosis index and the lung hydroxyproline content in the vitamin E-treated groups (group 3 and 4 ) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although vitamin E and NAC are both potent antioxidants, we found that AD-induced lung fibrosis was significantly decreased by only vitamin E and that there was no synergistic effect between vitamin E and NAC. It is possible that AIPT is developed by some other mechanisms rather than oxygen free radical injury. Vitamin E may have some other path for decreasing lung fibrosis. Further studies are warranted.
Acetylcysteine ; Amiodarone ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; Cricetinae* ; Fibrosis ; Hydroxyproline ; Leg ; Lung ; Oxygen ; Pulmonary Fibrosis* ; Vitamin E* ; Vitamins*

Cationic liposome-mediated gene transfection is a promising method for gene therapy. In this study, the transfection efficiency and histological patterns were evaluated in rat lung after intravenous administration via femoral vein of naked plasmid DNA, naked plasmid DNA with pretreatment of DOTAP, and DOTAP-cholesterol-plasmid DNA complex. Plasmid DNA encoding bacterial LacZ gene was used. For quantification of LacZ gene expression, -galactosidase assay was performed. For histologic examination, X-gal staining and immunohistochemical staining for transfected gene products were performed. Pretreatment of DOTAP prior to the infusion of naked plasmid DNA increased transfection efficiency up to a level comparable to DOTAP-cholesterol-plasmid DNA complex injection. Transfected genes were mainly expressed in type II pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages in all animals. We conclude that the high transfection efficiency is achievable by intravenous administration of naked plasmid DNA with pretreatment of DOTAP, to a level comparable to DOTAP-cholesterol-plasmid DNA complex. In this regard, naked plasmid DNA administration with pretreatment of DOTAP could be a more feasible option for intravenous gene transfer than DOTAP-cholesterol-plasmid DNA complex, in that the former is technically easier and more cost-effective than the latter with a comparable efficacy, in terms of intravenous gene delivery to the lung.
Animal ; DNA/*administration & dosage/metabolism ; Galactosides/analysis ; *Gene Therapy ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Immunohistochemistry ; Indoles/analysis ; Injections, Intravenous ; Lung/*metabolism ; Male ; *Plasmids ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; *Transfection

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Although pulmonary resection is the standard approach for the management of pulmonary metastases from soft tissue sarcoma, most of them are unresectable and chemotherapy remains the only option. The effectiveness of the cytotoxic drugs may be limited by the toxicities that occur before the therapeutic dose is reached. The regional administration of doxorubicin using pulmonary arterial perfusion in a rodent model can produce 10 to 25 times higher concentrations in the lung than systemic administration with minimal systemic toxicities. However, it is unclear whether a high concentration of doxorubicin has beneficial effects for killing cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We studied this to evaluate the dose-dependent cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of doxorubicin on methylcholanthrene-induced rat fibrosarcoma(MCA) cells. This study examined the cytotoxicity and apoptosis-related gene expressions(Fas, FasL, Bax, caspase 1, caspase 2, caspase 8, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-xS) in MCA cells after 24 hours exposure to various concentrations of doxorubicin such as 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 micrometer. RESULT: Dose-dependent cytotoxicity was observed after 24 hours exposure to doxorubicin. However, peak apoptosis after 24 hours exposure was observed at 5 micrometer of doxorubicin. Above 5 micrometer, apoptotic activity was decreased with dose-increment. All mRNA levels of apoptosis-related genes after 24 hours exposure were up-regulated above the control level at 1 micrometer of doxorubicin and then decreased by doxorubicin dose-increment except caspase 8, which showed higher levels than the control level at 5 micrometer. Apoptosis-related protein levels were highest at 1 micrometer of doxorubicin and then decreased by doxorubicin dose-increment. However, Bax and Bcl-xL proteins steadily showed higher levels than the control throughout the different concentrations of doxorubicin. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that apoptosis is the main cytotoxic mechanism in low concentrations of doxorubicin in MCA cells and apoptosis-related genes, such as Bax, caspase 8, a can kill MCA cells, even when apoptosis is inhibited, and have its propriety for achieving much cytotoxicity against MCA cells.
Animals ; Apoptosis* ; bcl-X Protein ; Caspase 1 ; Caspase 2 ; Caspase 8 ; Doxorubicin* ; Drug Therapy ; Fibrosarcoma ; Homicide ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Perfusion ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger ; Rodentia ; Sarcoma

Localized fibrous tumor of the pleura is very rare. Most of them are benign, some of them but some are malignant. Although some tumors are histologically malignant, (This clause does not relate with the rest of the sentence.) the The single best predictor of clinical benignity is whether the tumor can be totally resected. We experienced a case of localized fibrous tumor of the pleura in a 57 year old man with right chest pain and cough. He heard that he had He was informed of a 8X5cm mass in his right lower lung field, but the mass which was benign 3 years ago. Preoperative chest x-ray showed an increased hazy density at right lower lung field (,) and CT scan showed a 12X8cm huge mass (,) which was located in right lower thorax. Left thoracotomy was done and to excise a 12X8X5cm(1200gm) sized large mass was excised (delete). The patient was discharged without any complications postoperatively.
Chest Pain ; Cough ; Humans ; Lung ; Middle Aged ; Pleura* ; Pleural Neoplasms ; Thoracotomy ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive lysosomal storage disease that is caused by deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A. This deficiency results in progressive lysosomal accumulation of glycosphingolipid with particular globotriaosylceramide which accumulates in the heart, kidneys, and the nervous system. The classic Fabry diease affects males, who typically experience an early onset of neuropathic pain, angiokeratoma, and anhydrosis or hypohydrosis. The introduction of enzyme replacement therapy necessitates early awareness of Fabry disease and knowledge of disease- related complications. We experienced a man presenting with acroparesthesia, anhydrosis and proteinuria, who had no residual alpha-galactosidase A activity on leukocytes and mutation analysis demonstrated thiamine deletion at position 1077, exon 7 of GLA gene. He was initially diagnosed as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis without electron microscopic examination three years ago. Now he is being treated with recombinant alpha-galactosidase A via intravenous administration for 1 month.
Administration, Intravenous ; alpha-Galactosidase ; Angiokeratoma ; Enzyme Replacement Therapy ; Exons ; Fabry Disease* ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental* ; Heart ; Humans ; Kidney ; Leukocytes ; Lysosomal Storage Diseases ; Male ; Nervous System ; Neuralgia ; Proteinuria ; Thiamine