Agenesis of corpus callosum occurs sporadically and may be transmitted as sex-linked, or autosomal-dominant or recessive traits. It has been associated with different syndromes. Clinical pictures vary from severe intellectual and neurologic abnormalities to asymptomatic and normaly intelligent cases. Agenesis of corpus callosum may occur alone, but it is more frequently associated with a high incidence of other anomalies. We report a male infant with agenesis of corpus callosum who was diagnosed to have ileal atresia and duplication.
Agenesis of Corpus Callosum* ; Corpus Callosum* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male

Forensic autopsy is performed to investigate a death. However, this is difficult in some cases, particularly in putrefied bodies. Pulmonary ossification is a rare pathological process, characterized by progressive and metaplastic ossification, which leads to the formation of small bony fragments in the pulmonary tissue. This condition can develop within the pulmonary tissues that are injured due to various causes. Metastatic and dystrophic calcification occur in normal tissues in conditions of deranged calcium metabolism and dead or degenerative tissue, respectively. Here, we describe the case of a 54-year-old man who lived alone and whose putrefied body was discovered by his landlord. A forensic pathologist identified needle-like sharp materials in both the lower lobes of the lungs during autopsy. Microscopic examination revealed dendriform pulmonary ossification with calcification. After autopsy, his medical history, including chronic kidney disease, was recorded by forensic pathologist. A review of his past medical history and comprehensive postmortem examination findings of the gross dissection, microscopic examination, and postmortem laboratory tests led to the determination of the cause of death as renal problems.

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate the hemodynamic effects, the time to arousal and the postoperative recall with the continuous infusion technique of sufentanil and midazolam used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia in patients undergoing open heart surgery. METHODS: Forty patients with good ventricular function undergoing elective open heart surgery were evaluated. They received midazolam 0.1 mg/kg, pancuronium 0.15 mg/kg and sufentanil 2.5 mcg/kg, followed by infusions of midazolam 0.1 mg/kg/hr, pancuronium 0.02 mg/kg/hr and sufentanil 1.5 mcg/kg/hr until the end of operation. We observed the mean arterial pressure, heart rate and central venous pressure before the initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) and recorded the time to arousal after the end of operation and asked about awareness of any intraoperative events on the third postoperative day. RESULTS: The mean arterial pressures during prebypass period were lower than preinduction value but there were no severe hypotension with mean arterial pressures less than 60 mmHg. The mean arousal time of eye opening was 119 minutes and there was no postoperative recall case. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that the infusion of sufentanil with midazolam to patients with good ventricular function provides a stable and safe anesthesia hemodynamically and neurologically and a rapid recovery from anesthesia without postoperative recall.
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Intravenous* ; Arousal ; Arterial Pressure ; Central Venous Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Heart* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Midazolam* ; Pancuronium ; Sufentanil* ; Thoracic Surgery* ; Ventricular Function

Although its high successability in numerous corneal diseases, penetrating keratoplasty in certain conditions, such as chemical burn, ocular pemphigoid, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, severe dry eye, and recurrent graft rejection still has had poor outcomes. So far, many keratoprostheses have been developed, but none of them showed consistent successful results. The authors made two models of keratoprosthesis using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a skirt and these models were implanted to 30 and 5 rabbit corneas by intralamellar fixation respectively. Expanded PTFE was well-known for its biocompatibility and porous structure which fibrovascular tissue can grow in. However, both of the models extruded from the cornea in all cases and retention period was 1 month in average. These poor results are thought to be mainly due to previously known enzymatic degradation. To obtain better result, modification of the models and surgical techniques are needed. Several possible modifications are described in this article.
Burns, Chemical ; Cornea ; Corneal Diseases ; Graft Rejection ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Pemphigoid, Bullous ; Polytetrafluoroethylene ; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Sclerotherapy has been introduced as a new treatment modality of varicose vein. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Ninety-four patients with the diagnosis of varicose vein were treated with sclerotherapy at Yongdong Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Medical College from September, 1997 to August, 1999. History taking, physical examinations and laboratory examinations were performed. The short term outcome and the complications were reviewed. RESULT: The age of the patients were ranged from 20 to 70 years with the mean age of 43.4 years. All the patients(28 men, 66 women) had protruding superficial leg veins and 2 local pain, 2 fatigue, 1 heaviness. Complications were fever, phlebitis and ulceration. Fifty patients were satisfied after 1 procedure. CONCLUSION: Sclerotherapy is an effective treatment modality with cosmetic superiority for the patients with varicose veins.
Diagnosis ; Fatigue ; Fever ; Humans ; Leg ; Male ; Phlebitis ; Physical Examination ; Sclerotherapy* ; Ulcer ; Varicose Veins* ; Veins

Metastatic calcification is rare; it is found during autopsy in patients who underwent hemodialysis. Diffuse calcium precipitation of small and medium-sized cutaneous vessels, known as calciphylaxis, can result in progressive tissue necrosis secondary to vascular calcification. This condition most commonly involves the skin; however, a rare occurrence of visceral calciphylaxis has been reported. Here we report on an autopsy case. Despite a thorough evaluation, and even performing an autopsy, the underlying cause of acute-onset hypercalcemia, resulting in the production of pulmonary calciphylaxis and metastatic renal calcification associated with acute respiratory and renal failure, could not be determined. Metastatic calcification often lacks specific symptoms, and the degree of calcification is a marker of the severity and chronicity of the disease. This unusual autopsy case emphasizes the importance of rapidly progressing visceral calciphylaxis, as well as its early detection.
Autopsy ; Calciphylaxis ; Calcium ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Necrosis ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Vascular Calcification

The lymphoproliferative disease after the organ transplantation is more commonly seen with the increase according to the increasing number of the organ transplantations and it occurs more frequently in the cases of heart and lung transplantations that needs more aggressive immunosuppression. It demands urgent evaluation and management because of poor prognosis. We transplanted left lung of a man to the woman who suffered from severe dyspnea due to terminal pulmonary emphysema in discrepancy of ABO blood type. Postoperatively, We used triple regimen immunotherapy(cyclosporin, azathioprine, prednisolone) and followed up in the out patient clinic. During the follow up, we found abnormal mass lesion on the transplanted lung and performed gun biopsy. We confirmed malignant lymphoma on the pathologic examination and two cycled chemotherapy was given after reducing dose of immunosupression. The patient died of sudden onset of pulmonary edema of the transplanted lung.
Azathioprine ; Biopsy ; Drug Therapy ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Lung Transplantation* ; Lung* ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoproliferative Disorders ; Organ Transplantation ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Edema ; Pulmonary Emphysema ; Transplants

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Variants of SARSCoV-2 have caused distinct COVID-19 surges worldwide. The Omicron variant has replaced other variants as a cause of COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea. Fortunately, COVID-19 patients infected with Omicron have a decreased disease severity. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health threat worldwide, and the incidence of TB is still high in the Republic of Korea. We report the case of a deceased illegal migrant who died at home. An autopsy revealed fatal pneumonia with pulmonary TB caused by the Omicron subvariant BA.2 of SARS-CoV-2. We assumed that a superimposed SARS-CoV-2 infection caused this fatal pneumonia with a previous TB infection. After a comprehensive postmortem (PM) examination, including gross dissection, microscopic studies, PM computed tomography, and PM laboratory tests, the cause of death was determined to be pneumonia, and the death manner was natural. We present this case with a comprehensive PM examination from the perspective of forensic pathology and the public healthcare system.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the diatomological investigation and the forensic role of spleen tissue in cases of drowning or non-drowning. Specimens of spleen tissue and other organ tissue from 136 drowning cases, as well as 21 cases where death resulted from causes other than drowning (acting as controls), were examined for the presence of diatoms. The diatom test was performed on all cases using the acid digestion method, involving fumed nitric acid on a hot sand bath. The presence of diatoms in spleen tissue was observed in drowning cases but not in non-drowning cases. Diatoms in spleen tissue showed a positive association with drowning (P=0.011). Among the 136 drowning cases, diatoms were most frequently found in lung tissue (n=134, 99%), followed by spleen (n=33, 24%), kidney (n=28, 21%), liver (n=27, 20%), and heart (n=22, 16%) tissues. Moreover, in 95 cases where putrefaction did not progress, diatoms were detected in spleen tissues in 14 cases, indicating that the highest detection rate among other enclosed organ tissues, excluding lung tissues. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between the presence of diatoms in spleen tissue and those in enclosed organs, including the liver, kidney, and heart, but not in lung tissues. Our results revealed a significant correlation between the presence of diatoms in spleen tissue and drowning. Thus, the present study provides evidence that the presence of diatoms in spleen tissue may be a reliable indicator of death by drowning.

Congenital bronchoesophageal fistula is a rare anomaly that may cause fatal complications if it goes unnoticed for many years. This anomaly may have various symptoms such as respiratory infections, coughing bouts when eating or drinking and even hemoptysis. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice and is definitive in almost cases. We report a case of type I congenital bronchoesophageal fistula misdiagnosed as chronic empyema thoracis with literature review.
Cough ; Drinking ; Eating ; Empyema* ; Fistula* ; Hemoptysis ; Respiratory Tract Infections