In this study, the relationship between the awareness of blood program and the blood donation experience has been studied to know whether they corelate or not. The awareness of blood program was divided into 4 areas of knowledge and measured: the eligibilityt of blood donation, knowledge about blood, blood donation program, and general facts about blood donation. The experience of blood donation was divided into 3 groups: the registered donor, the non-registered donor, and the nondonor. The result in this study shows that the awareness of blood program is related with 3 factors, such as the eligibility of blood donation, blood donation program, and general facts about blnation. The difference in this case is significant at 0.05 level. However the knowledge about the blood is not corelated with blood donation experience, but only with sex(P<0.05). These results suggest that stable blood supply should be realized by securing new donors and by estsablishing of fdonor registration system. This is realized by the stir up the level of awareness and interest of blood program through strengthening public relations.
Blood Donors* ; Humans ; Public Relations ; Tissue Donors

PURPOSE: This study tried to explore factors influencing on job maintenance of the mentally disabled who employed before. The subjects of this study were the mentally disabled who participated in community mental health center and social rehabilitation center, there had experienced a job in the past. METHODS: The number of community centers were 27 places, there were located in different region. The number of participants were 221 persons agreed to this study. Data was analyzed by Mean, SD and logistic regression analyzation using SPSS/WIN 14.0. RESULTS: General character such as age was significant factor. Monthly pay and working a day in the midst of job related factors were significant. Moreover, job rehabilitation program satisfaction rate and social support revealed significant factors. CONCLUSION: On the basis of results, Job rehabilitation programs for job maintenance of the mentally disabled should be development and establish mediate strategies to improve social support to them.
Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mental Health ; Mentally Disabled Persons ; Rehabilitation Centers ; Rehabilitation, Vocational

PURPOSE: This study examined to explore factors influencing on employment stress of university students. METHODS: The data were collected by structured questionnaires to students who agreed to be the subjects of this study. And 230 cases were finally analyzed. T-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression were conducted for data analysis using SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: Significant differences revealed in age, department of major, residental type and school year on employment stress by general characteristics. Also, employment stress showed negative correlation with self-esteem, and satisfaction in major. Self-esteem and satisfaction in major, department of major were confirmed as a factors influencing on employment stress and accounted for 36% of the variance. CONCLUSION: Further studies that discover factors influencing on employment stress of university students are needed, and also practical programs are necessary to decrease employment stress of university students.
Employment* ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Statistics as Topic

A postanesthetic recovery score to provide objective information on the phsical condition of patients arriving in the recovery room after anesthesia. The status of the patients was judged after arriving in the recovery room and every 30minutes thereafter, until their discharge to the ward or Intensive Care Unit. To study this method, 324 patients were selected at random to include as many variants of anesthesia as possible. The patients were transported to the recovery room within 10 minutes of the completion of the anesthesia; Once there, the first score was made by the anesthesiologist. Thereafter, the evaluation was made by the same anesthesiologist. Depending on the length of stay in recovery room, this evaluation was repeated 30, 60, and 90 minutes after the patients arrival. The various signs were evaluated. The independent variables such as age, sex, physical status, anesthetic agents or technics, type of surgery, use of muscle relaxants, duration of anesthesia were correlated with the proportional number of patients receiving top or safe score 10, 9 or 8, and those given 7 or less, which were considered low or dangerous.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Length of Stay ; Recovery Room*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Inpatients*

PURPOSE: To compare the film density of Insight dental X-ray film (Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, NY, USA) with that of Ektaspeed Plus film (Eastman Kodak) under manual and automatic processing conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Insight and Ektaspeed Plus films were exposed at three different exposure conditions with an aluminum step wedge on the films under the three different exposure times. The exposed films were processed by both manual and automatic ways. The Base plus fog density and the optical density made by exposing step wedge were calculated using a digital densitometer (model 07-443, Victoreen Inc, Cleveland, Ohio, USA). The optical densities of the Insight and Ektaspeed film versus thickness of alumimun wedge at the same exposure time were plotted on the graphs. Statistical analyses were applied for comparing the optical densities of the two films. RESULTS: The film density of both Insight films and Ektaspeed Plus films under automatic processing condition was significantly higher over the manual processing. The film density of Insight films was significantly higher than that of Ektaspeed Plus films on both automatic and manual processing conditions. CONCLUSION: The radiation exposure time can be reduced when using Insight over Ektaspeed Plus film. To take the full advantage of reducing exposure time, Insight film should be processed automatically.
Aluminum ; Ohio ; Radiography ; Weather ; X-Ray Film*

We report an autopsy case of secondary hemochromatosis associated with multiple frequent blood transfusion for the treatment of aplastic anemia. A 23-year-old man had been diagnosed as having aplastic anemia at the age of 13. He received a whole blood transfusion, about 1280 ml, every month during the past 10 years. Recently he developed diabetes mellitus and a congestive heart failure. The autopsy revealed that multiple organs were affected by secondary hemochromatosis, including the liver, heart, pancreas, spleen, bone marrow, stomach, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, and testes. The lungs and liver showed gross and microscopic findings consistent with a congestive heart failure in addition to hemochromatosis. The details are presented. This is a case of rare secondary hemochromatosis occurring in a young man and presenting the classic histopathologic changes indistinguishable from those of primary hemochromatosis.
Adrenal Glands ; Anemia ; Anemia, Aplastic* ; Autopsy* ; Blood Transfusion ; Bone Marrow ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Heart ; Heart Failure ; Hemochromatosis* ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Pancreas ; Spleen ; Stomach ; Testis ; Thyroid Gland ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the degree of job stress for workers with mentally disabled and factors influencing their job stress. METHODS: The participants in this study were employees with mental disabilities employed in job programs sponsored by community mental health centers and social rehabilitation centers. For this study, researchers conducted a survey with structured questionnaires with 221 employees. Data were analyzed using t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 14.0. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in job stress according to general characters. However, there were significant differences in job stress according to type of employment and monthly-income. Multi-regression analysis showed that type of employment and social support affected job stress. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that following should be emphasized: conditions of employment such as type of employment and social support should be improved to decrease job stress and help the employee to remain in the job.
Community Mental Health Centers ; Employment ; Humans ; Mentally Disabled Persons* ; Power (Psychology) ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation Centers

PURPOSE: To know whether there would be a difference among spiral tomograms of different slice thicknesses in the measurement of distances which are used for dental implant planning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 10 dry mandibules and 40 metal balls are used to take total 120 Scanora tomograms with the slice thickness of 2 mm, 4 mm and 8 mm. 3 oral radiologists interpreted each tomogram to measure the distances from the mandibular canal to the alveoalr crest and buccal, lingual and inferior borders of mandible. 3 observers recorded grades of 0, 1 or 2 to evaluate the perceptibility of alveolar crest and the superior border of mandibular canal. For statistical analysis, ANOVA with repeated measure, Chi-square tests and intraclass correlation coefficient(R2, alpha) were used. RESULTS: There was not a statistically significant difference among spiral tomograms with different slice thicknesses in the measurement of the distances and in the perceptibility of alveolar crest and mandibular canal(p>0.05). All of them showed a good relationship in the reliability analysis. The perceptibility of alveolar crest and mandibular canal was almost similar and an excellent relationship was seen on all of them. CONCLUSIONS: There would be no significant difference, no matter which spiral tomogram of any slice thickness may be used in dental implant planning, considering the thickness of dental implant fixture.
Dental Implants* ; Mandible ; Radiography, Dental, Digital

PURPOSE: To evaluate the reliability of measurements in spiral tomography through assessing the visibility of the alveolar crest and the measurements between the alveolar crest and other anatomic structures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 110 spiral tomograms of the jaws were taken by Scanora X-ray unit from the patients. The visibility of the alveolar crests was estimated by 3 observers and classified as clearly visible, questionable visibility, or not visible. 3 observers measured the distance between the alveolar crest and the reference points of anatomic structures. The measurements were repeated 2 weeks later. RESULTS: 52.9% of alveolar crests on upper jaws and 61.5% of alveolar crests on lower jaws were visible. The interobserver and intraobserver agreements on the visibility were low. The mean ranges of the measurements were 1.39 mm (SD = 1.37 mm) on maxilla and 1.03 mm (SD = 1.01 mm) on mandible in the interobserver evaluation. The interobserver variance was greater than the intraobserver variance in the measurements of distance. CONCLUSION: Spiral tomography showed a relatively low reliability in the visibility and measurements of the alveolar crest.
Dental Implants ; Humans ; Jaw ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Radiography, Dental ; Radiography, Dental, Digital ; Tomography, X-Ray